scholarly journals A Review on the Ecology and Biodiversity of Lake Lanao (Mindanao Is., The Philippines)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephrime B. Metillo ◽  
Carmelita O. Garcia-Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Main Driver

The sparse body of information on the ecology and biodiversity of one of the world’sancient lakes, Lake Lanao, was reviewed to arrive at objective insights that may be useful for an ecosystem-based management of the Lake Lanao Watershed. The terrestrial portion of the watershed is relatively rich in flora and fauna that mostly inhabit the remaining intact forests which provides 60% cover, but a thorough species inventory is wanting. Nearly 90% of the alienable and disposable lands including most of the lake shoreline and the adjacent lowland forest areas have now yielded to agriculture (87%), but only 0.4% to urban and rural settlements. Major rivers and numerous intermittent tributaries that sustain lake water are unstudied. Within a span of 30 years since a rich indigenous community of fish species was first described, the lake’s fisheries ecosystem has undergone a regime shift featuring the dominance of invasive fish species and the catastrophic disappearance of 16 endemic cyprinid species. Analysis of nutrient levels when the lake was at its relatively pristine state indicated a high sensitivity to levels of dissolved nitrogen with a pelagic ecosystem that is bottom-up or resource controlled. Most recent water quality analyses indicate a eutrophic, coliform-contaminated, and invasive species-colonized state with anthropogenic input as the possible main driver. Hence, apart from biodiversity conservation in the lake watershed, the flux of nutrients and pollutants should be a top priority of an ecosystem-based management that needs to employ innovative socio-environmental approaches involving participatory, multisectoral, multidisciplinary, integrated and co-management efforts. The looming climate change, which may undoubtedly lead to further loss of biodiversity services, needs to be incorporated in the watershed modelling and management framework.

scholarly journals LC–MS/MS Analysis of Ciguatoxins Revealing the Regional and Species Distinction of Fish in the Tropical Western Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomasa Oshiro ◽  
Takumi Tomikawa ◽  
Kyoko Kuniyoshi ◽  
Akira Ishikawa ◽  
Hajime Toyofuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Main Island ◽  
Tropical Western Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fish Samples

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is one of the most frequently reported seafood poisoning diseases. It is endemic to the tropical region and occurs most commonly in the regions around the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. The principal toxins causing CFP are ciguatoxins (CTXs). In the Pacific region, more than 20 analogs of CTXs have been identified to date. Based on their skeletal structures, they are classified into CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins. We have previously reported species-specific and regional-specific toxin profiles. In this study, the levels and profiles of CTXs in fish present in the tropical western Pacific regions were analyzed using the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Forty-two fish specimens, belonging to the categories of snappers, groupers, Spanish mackerel, and moray eel, were purchased from various places such as Fiji, the Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan. Only the fish captured from Fijian coastal waters contained detectable amounts of CTXs. The toxin levels in the fish species found along the coastal regions of the Viti Levu Island, the main island in Fiji, and the toxin profiles were significantly different from those of the fish species present in other coastal regions. The toxin levels and profiles varied among the different fish samples collected from different coastal areas. Based on the toxin levels and toxin profiles, the coast was demarcated into three zones. In Zone-1, which covers the northern coast of the main island and the regions of the Malake Island and Korovau, CTXs in fish were below the detection level. In Zone-2, CTX3C-type toxins were present in low levels in the fish. CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins co-occurred in the fish present in Zone-3. The toxin profiles may have reflected the variation in Gambierdiscus spp.

Facilities technology management framework for public health-care institutions in a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Z. Dela Cruz ◽  
Ruth A. Ortega-Dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Care Institutions

Purpose This study aims to develop a Facilities technology management framework for public health-care institutions in a developing country. Design/methodology/approach The study used descriptive research design to identify the specifications of the framework via strategic initiatives anchored on efficiency, sustainability, ecological-friendliness and technological innovation. These measures are wrapped into a facilities TM framework which incorporates concepts and practices on risk management, facility management (FM) and TM. Findings Results of the survey of the public HCIs in the Philippines, show high levels of acceptability of proposed measures which identify the technologies, innovations and materials which are in the viable context of public hospital circumstances in the country. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study are limited to the public HCIs in a developing country, and thus cannot be generalized to other HCIs particularly the private institutions. Practical implications The framework seeks to help improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of public HCIs in a developing country like the Philippines. The discussions on TM revolve around the application of TM approaches. Also, the study incorporates discussions on sustainability, technology innovation and the conformity of these with HCI standards, best practices and government requirements. Social implications The study takes into consideration the identification of FM principles and practices that are deemed suitable and applicable for public HCIs in a developing country. This study is intended to develop a TM framework for FM services which is cost-effective but not sacrificing safety, security, employees and the environment. Then the foremost consideration is the perceived suitability of the framework in the public HCI environment. Originality/value This is an original study. It has as its scope the fusion of FM and TM approaches that would help in the identification of challenges, requirements for manpower, processes and technologies (especially, information and communications technolog-based technologies), and a corresponding TM system framework for public HCI facilities in a developing country.

scholarly journals Sibuyan Island in the Philippines – threatened and in need of conservation

Oryx ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Goodman ◽  
N. R. Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Faunal Survey

In the spring of 1992 a group of zoologists completed a faunal survey of Sibuyan Island, a small mountainous island in the central Philippines. This island, which is oceanic in origin and during the Pleistocene at least was not connected to any other island mass, has an exceptional amount of intact primary forest, including lowland forest, a habitat that has all but been destroyed in the Philippines. The mammalian fauna of Sibuyan Island is exceptionally high in endemic species and also contains many other species that are threatened throughout the Philippines. Current logging operations severely threaten the remaining areas of lowland forest on the island. With forests of the Philippines under intense pressure, the most realistic hope for conservation lies in the protection of forests on islands where the population and political pressures are less intense. Sibuyan Island is an excellent candidate for such initiative.

Distribution of Pomphorhynchus laevis s.l. (Acanthocephala) among fish species at a local scale: importance of fish biomass density

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-J. Perrot-Minnot ◽  
L. Bollache ◽  
C. Lagrue
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Pomphorhynchus Laevis ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Parasite distribution among hosts is a fundamental aspect of host–parasite interactions. Aggregated parasite distributions within and across host species are commonly reported and potentially influenced by many factors, whether host or parasite specific, or related to host–parasite encounter and compatibility. Yet, the respective role of each in observed parasite distributions are often unclear. Here, we documented the distribution of the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis sensu lato (s.l.) in two replicate fish host populations. Aggregated distributions were observed in both populations, within and across fish host species. We found a positive abundance–prevalence relationship across fish species, suggesting that resource availability (fish host biomass density) was the main driver of P. laevis s.l. distribution. This was supported by further positive associations between mean parasite load and fish biomass density. We found little evidence for intensity-dependent regulation within host (i.e. intra-host competition among co-infecting parasites). Furthermore, P. laevis s.l. infection had no detectable effect on fish condition indices, except on the body condition of female barbel (Barbus barbus). Therefore, P. laevis s.l. tended to accumulate with size/age within fish species, and with fish biomass density among fish species, with apparently negligible limitations due to intra-host intensity-dependent regulation of parasite, or to parasite-induced morbidity in fish. The relative availability of final hosts for trophic transmission thus appears to be the main driver of P. laevis s.l. distribution among fish.

A new fish species of the subfamily Serraninae (Perciformes, Serranidae) from the Philippines

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3911 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY T. WILLIAMS ◽  
KENT E. CARPENTER
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Fish Species

Design of a Knowledge Management Framework for the City Government of Sorsogon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gremil Alessandro Naz
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
City Government ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
The City ◽  
Quality Policy ◽  
Nations Environment

<p>A previous study commissioned by the League of Cities of the Philippines and funded by the United Nations Environment Programme showed that Sorsogon, an emerging city in the Philippines, does not possess enough data to enact sound policies that balance economic growth and environmental sustainability. To help the city make quality policy decisions, the author designed a knowledge management framework that city leaders can use. The said framework was based on the classic works of Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) and Davenport and Prusak (1998), as well as publications of the Asian Productivity Organization on knowledge management in the public sector. The author also provided examples of specific strategies that Sorsogon City can use to operationalize the framework.</p>

scholarly journals The onset of piscivory in a freshwater fish species: analysis of behavioural and physiological traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1474
Author(s):  
Tatiana Colchen ◽  
Andréa Dias ◽  
Enric Gisbert ◽  
Fabrice Teletchea ◽  
Pascal Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Freshwater Fish Species ◽  
Species Analysis

Influence of social, management and enforcement factors on the long-term ecological effects of marine sanctuaries

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Walmsley ◽  
A.T. White
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Community Support ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Ecological Variables ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Hard Coral Cover

Marine sanctuaries are increasingly being promoted as tools for conservation and fisheries management. This study investigates the effects of protection over 19 years on substrate composition and fish communities in four marine sanctuaries and corresponding non-sanctuary areas in the Philippines and examines the importance of community support, management measures and enforcement of regulations on these ecological effects. Between 1981 and 2000, substrate cover variables were measured using line transects with scuba and snorkel surveys, and fish censuses (identification to family level) were conducted using scuba within a 500 m2 area. Semi-structured interviews collected data on community support for the sanctuaries, and observations and interviews established management and enforcement aspects of the sanctuaries. Over time, all sanctuaries showed improvements, or maintenance of, ecological variables compared with pre-enforcement times, with maintenance of hard coral cover and average increases of 8.3% in fish species richness and 54.9% in fish abundance. In comparison, non-sanctuary areas showed maintenance of the status quo or declines in ecological variables. However hard coral cover, fish abundances and fish species richness showed significant declines as well as increases in sanctuary areas. Community, management and enforcement factors were significantly related to positive ecological trends in sanctuary areas; management and enforcement were related to a wider variety of ecological factors than community score. Community support was significantly related to an increase in hard coral cover in deep areas. Enforcement of regulations was significantly related to an increase in abundance of fishery target fish species in sanctuary areas, and simple management measures were significantly related to an increase in abundance of large predators. Supportive communities that voluntarily implemented sanctuary regulations, improved enforcement, and small discrete cohesive communities may have facilitated the process of building this community support. Well-enforced sanctuaries that showed an increase in abundance of target species may have contributed to the maintenance of fish yields in adjacent non-sanctuary areas. The effects of sanctuary implementation varied on a case-by-case basis, influenced by environmental, biological, physical and human factors. However, a combination of community support, management measures and enforcement of regulations contributed towards positive ecological trends in sanctuary areas.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Epidermal Mucus from Top Aquaculture Fish Species against Medically-Important Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-340
Author(s):  
Gary Antonio Ceñidoza LIRIO ◽  
Jinky Alyssa Aquino DE LEON ◽  
Airha Garcia VILLAFUERTE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Fish Mucus

Zoonotic infections caused by bacterial pathogens are considered as major threat to humans and the aquaculture industry. This problem triggered the search for various natural products from plants, microorganisms, animal tissues, and secretions to determine the presence of metabolites that may be of potential antimicrobial effects against infectious agents. However, limited attempts have been conducted to elucidate the potential use of freshwater fish mucus in against pathogens. Here, the antimicrobial activity of mucus of economically-important freshwater fish species in the Philippines: Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), Clarias batrachus (catfish), and Channa striata (snakehead fish) was investigated against fish and human pathogens. The pooled fish mucus was extracted with succeeding centrifugation and filtration. The acidic mucus extracts were tested for antimicrobial-inhibitory effects and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar-overlay diffusion and microbroth plate dilution method, respectively. The results showed that all fish mucus extracts exhibited antimicrobial effects against test pathogens with catfish exhibiting the highest inhibitory effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p = 0.096), Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.000), Enterococcus faecalis (p = 0.665), Micrococcus luteus (p = 0.000), Aeromonas hydrophila (p = 0.000), Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.000), Escherichia coli (p = 0.000), and Serratia marcescens (p = 0.000) as compared to the broad-spectrum antibiotic control, Cefoperazone. Interestingly, catfish mucus revealed inhibitory effects against Gram-positive S. aureus and M. luteus at the lowest concentration (1:4 dilution). The present findings revealed the potential antimicrobial use of freshwater fish mucus against medically-important pathogens.

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