scholarly journals Bacterial Aetiology and Susceptibility of Pathogens Associated with Acne Vulgaris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Deborah Pusushottam ◽  
Nasepogu Padmaja ◽  
A Venkateshwara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Bacterial Aetiology ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous disorder among youth during puberty and also in young adults. Hormonal imbalance, bacterial activity and inflammation can cause acne formation. Due to some anti-inflammatory effects and temporary self treatment of acne using some antibiotics, there is overuse/ improper use of antimicrobial agents which leads to resistance in bacterial strains. Aim: To provide an overview of bacteria that may cause acne and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics and reduce the overuse of antibiotics which leads to antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on samples from from 100 patients with chief complaints of acne, attending Dermatology Department at Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation (KIMS RF). This study was done between November 2019 to February 2021. Acne pustules were cultured on all the basic media like blood agar and Mac Conkey agar, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial identification was performed by gram staining and relevant biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was done based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019. Data was calculated and analysed statistically by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Total 100 participants were taken for the study. Females (63%) were more commonly affected as compared to males (37%) and the most commonly affected age group was teenage i.e., 10 to 20 years in both male and females. Among 100 subjects, 77 cases showed bacterial growth by aerobic and anaerobic culture and 23 cases showed negative for bacterial culture. All isolates were susceptible to rifampin (100%) (p<0.001). Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was susceptible to doxycycline (88.8%) and minocycline (88.8%), while 22.3% was resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline while 33.3% showed resistance to ofloxacin. Gram positive cocci like Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) was susceptible to the antibiotic minocycline and rifampin (100%); but resistant to quinolines like ofloxacin (52.5%) macrolides like erythromycin (62.5%), clindamycin (47.5%) and tetracycline (17.5%). The susceptibility of gram positive cocci like S. epidermidis to doxycycline was (87.5%), which was lower than that of P. acnes (88.8%). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was found to be sensitive to minocycline (90.9%), doxycycline (72.7%), clindamycin (63.6%), and tetracycline (63.6%); but it was resistant to macrolide like erythromycin (45.5%) and quinolines like ofloxacin (36.5%). Conclusion: This study suggested that bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity can be better suggested if the culture and sensitivity is available so that, sensitivity and resistant pattern is known. The use of clindamycin and macrolide (erythromycin) needs to be reduced as most gram positive cocci like S. epidermidis were resistant to both.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the gastrointestinal microflora of germfree mice associated with cultured microfloras

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Koopman ◽  
Henriëtie M. Kennis ◽  
A. M. Stadhouders ◽  
H. De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Attempts are described to 'normalize' germfree mice by association with 3, 21 and 71 different intestinal bacterial cultures isolated from mice with an SPF flora. Germfree mice associated naturally with an SPF flora served as controls. Vital bacterial counts were determined by aerobic and anaerobic culture. Stomach and small intestine contained fewer bacteria per gram than caecum and large intestine. Aerobic vital counts from caecum and large intestine were higher in the experimental groups than in control mice. The aerobic and anaerobic flora in stomach and small intestine comprised mainly Gram-positive nonfusiform shaped rods. In the caecum and colon Gram-positive cocci predominated in the aerobic culture while in the anaerobic culture fusiform-shaped rods were prominent. Scanning electron microscopy of oesophagus, ileum, caecum and faeces demonstrated colonization of the oesophageal epithelium only after association with 71 bacterial strains; the filamentous bacteria present in the ileum of SPF mice were not found in the experimental groups and caecum and faeces contained mainly fusiform-shaped bacteria. Nonbacterial matter decreased in the caecum and faeces with increase in the complexity of the flora.

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Schiff Bases of Indole-3-aldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kamaria ◽  
N. Kawathekar ◽  
Prerna Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of Schiff bases of indole-3-aldehyde were synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis by takingDMFas solvent and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized byIR,1HNMRand mass spectral analysis. All compounds were tested against five gram positive and five gram negative bacterial strains and one fungal strain. All compounds exhibited better activity against gram positive strains than against gram negative strains and the compounds were found more active againstS.aureusandB.subtilis.

scholarly journals Comparative In Vitro Activities of Torezolid (DA-7157) against Clinical Isolates of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in South Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5381-5386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hwa Yum ◽  
Sung Hak Choi ◽  
Dongeun Yong ◽  
Yunsop Chong ◽  
Weon Bin Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
First Line ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
The World ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT Resistance of Gram-positive pathogens to first-line antimicrobial agents has been increasing in many parts of the world. We compared the in vitro activities of torezolid with those of other antimicrobial agents, including linezolid, against clinical isolates of major aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Torezolid had an MIC90 of ≤0.5 μg/ml for the Gram-positive bacterial isolates tested and was more potent than either linezolid or vancomycin.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from the sediments of the Qeshm Island mangrove forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Javid ◽  
Hassan Zadabbas Shahabadi ◽  
Homeyra Amirkhani ◽  
Narges Amrollahi ◽  
Mohammad Sharif Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Halotolerant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Phylogenetic Taxonomy

Due to specific environmental and ecological conditions, mangrove forests are known as marine transitional zones between sea and land, and, as such, they host organisms with high ecological plasticity. The mangrove forests of Qeshm Island (Iran) are relatively pristine habitats and represent an ideal target for investigating patterns of either aquatic or benthic biodiversity. To provide insights on microbial diversity in this area, nineteen halophilic and halotolerant bacteria were isolated from the sediments in 2017 during low tide. The extracted bacterial strains were studied morphologically by streaking, initial observation of colonies and bacterial staining, and characterized using a battery of biochemical tests including KOH, MR, VP, urease, TSI, S/I/M, Mac, LIA, ODC, ADH, oxidase, catalase, and tryptophan deaminase. The optimum growth of halophilic bacteria was observed in salt concentrations from 5 to 20% NaCl, whereas the extreme halophilic Gram-positive strain grew in salt concentration of up to 30% NaCl. Molecular analyses were also carried out on four halophilic strains and one extreme halophilic gram-positive bacteria. Phylogenetic taxonomy analysis, after 16S rDNA gene Sanger sequencing, revealed that the halophilic bacteria were closely related to the strain types of the genus Bacillus including Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus Paralicheniformis and Bacillus sp. with 99% bootstrap value. The extreme halophilic strain was associated to strains of Planococcus plakortidis with 100% bootstrap value.

Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance ofStaphylococcus aureusIsolates in a Dental Clinic Environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Heládio Lopes Motta ◽  
Francisco Carlos Groppo ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Juliana Cama Ramacciato ◽  
Sinvaldo Baglie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Objective.To determine the number ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates collected in a dental clinical environment and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents commonly used in dentistry.Setting.Undergraduate clinic of the Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Brazil.Methods.Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect the samples from dental-chair push buttons, light handles, 3-in-l syringes, computer “Enter” keys, doorknobs, and X-ray tubes before, during, and after clinical procedures. These samples were spread on brain-heart infusion agar and were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The resultingS. aureusisolates were counted and classified using Gram staining and biochemical tests. The counts among the 3 periods and the groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α= 5%). Commercial paper disks containing widely prescribed antimicrobial agents (β-lactams, macrolides, clindamycin, and vancomycin) were used to perform the antimicrobial susceptibility tests.Results.An increase in the number of microorganisms was observed during clinical procedures (P< .05). The highest bacterial resistance rates were observed for theβ-lactam group. All isolated strains were sensitive to vancomycin, and 2% of them were resistant to methicillin.Conclusions.Clinical procedures increased the number and proportion of antimicrobial-resistantS. aureusisolates dispersed in a dental clinical environment. The present study highlights the need to establish strategies to prevent emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains in dental settings.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of 5-Nitro-2-uryl and 5-Nitro-2-Imidazolyl Derivatives of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Moshafi ◽  
Ali Peymani ◽  
Alireza Foroumadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zabihi ◽  
Farzad Doostishoar
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Derivatives Of

Introduction: Nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, which affect the microbial DNA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the new derivatives of these two groups of antimicrobials against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: Seven new derivatives of nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles were synthesized, and 6.4 mg of each derivative was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Then, 8 serial dilutions (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 μg/ml) of each derivative was prepared using Muller-Hinton broth, and the minimum inhibitory concentration for each derivative was measured and compared to ciprofloxacin (standard). Results: All the derivatives had no antibacterial effects against Gram-negative bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration > 64 μg/ml); only 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-5-(n-pentylsulfunyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole exhibited mild antibacterial effects against Klebsiella pneumonia (minimum inhibitory concentration of 16-32 μg/ml). The antibacterial effects of the derivatives against Gram-positive bacteria also showed variations from complete inhibition of the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis (minimum inhibitory concentration < 0.5 μg/ml) by 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-5-(n-buthylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole to no inhibition of S. epidermidis and streptococcus pyogenes. Conclusion: These compounds have weak antibacterial effects; only two derivatives showed antibacterial effects similar to that of the positive control.

scholarly journals Mixtures of Scutellaria baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. Extracts as Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents in Active Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ordon ◽  
Paweł Nawrotek ◽  
Xymena Stachurska ◽  
Anna Schmidt ◽  
Małgorzata Mizielińska
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Highly Active

The aim of this study was to develop active packaging materials covered in active coatings (offering antibacterial and antiviral properties) that contain selected plant extracts. In addition, the synergistic effect of the active substances in these extracts was also analysed. The results of the study demonstrated that Scutellaria baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. extracts (two of six analysed plant extracts) were the most active agents against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Additionally, the synergistic effect of S. baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. extracts was noted, meaning that the effect of these two plant extract mixtures on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae growth was higher than the activity of individual pure extracts. Mixtures of the extracts were introduced into the coating carrier. A polyethylene (PE) foil was then coated with active layers containing mixtures of S. baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. extracts as antimicrobial agents. The results of this research showed that all of the active coatings had a bacteriolytic effect on B. subtilis and a bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus cells. The coatings were found to be inactive against E. coli and P. syringae cells. This means that the coatings could be used as internal coatings to preserve food products against Gram-positive bacteria that may be responsible for food spoilage. The results of this study also demonstrated that the coatings were highly active against phage phi 6 phage particles, used as SARS-CoV-2 surrogate. This means that the coatings could be used as external coatings to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria via human hands.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Sulfur Inserted Fluoro-Benzimidazoles

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1525-1529
Author(s):  
Parmesh Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Devdutt Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Multiple Step

A new series of fluorinated sulfur inserted benzimidazole analogues Za-i were synthesized and characterized. The new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The synthesized compounds were obtained by multiple step synthesis, initiating from the synthesis of 5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-benzimidazole-2-thiol X. The compounds Ya-i prepared by reacting differently substituted anilines with chloroacetylchloride and triethylamine in DMF. Finally, the compound X was reacted with different derivatives of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide resulting in formation of titled compounds Za-i. The synthesized compounds (Za-Zi) were characterized by spectral analysis viz.1H & 13C NMR, mass spectra, elemental analysis and IR. The in vitro antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive (S. aureus and E. faecalis) and Gram-negative bacterial (E. coli and P.aeruginosa) strains as well as fungi (A. niger and C. albicans) was recorded for the obtained compounds. Some of the compounds exhibited encouraging results (in MIC) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. These studies thus suggest that the designed sulfur inserted fluoro-benzimidazoles scaffold may serve as new promising template for further amplification as antimicrobial agents.

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