scholarly journals An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Meta-analysis and future research directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Woolf-King ◽  
Craig M Steinmaus ◽  
Arthur L Reingold ◽  
Judith A Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan

Woolf-King, S., Steinmaus, C. M., Reingold, A. L. & Hahn, J. A. (2013). An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Meta-analysis and future research directions. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 99-110.  doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.45 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.45)Aims: Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, and growing evidence suggests that alcohol consumption is a co-occurring problem in the region.  We conducted a meta-analysis on studies of alcohol use and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa in order to assess associations, evaluate heterogeneity in the literature, identify susceptible subgroups, and suggest avenues for future research.Design: We performed a systematic review, including published review articles and electronic database searches, and identified 35 studies on alcohol use and HIV.Setting and participants: All of the studies included in the meta-analysis occurred with adults in sub-Saharan Africa.Measurements: Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates were calculated using both the fixed inverse variance weighting method and the random effects method when evidence of heterogeneity was present.Findings: The pooled OR estimate for all studies was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.44–1.80).  The association between alcohol use and prevalence or incident HIV infection was particularly large among samples who reported problem drinking (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.64–2.87) and drinking in sexual contexts (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.55–2.06).  Some evidence of publication bias was present; however, the OR remained statistically significant in small and large studies and with population-based and high-risk samples.Conclusions: These results suggest that alcohol consumption, particularly at high levels and in sexual contexts, is associated with an increased risk of HIV infection.  An increased focus on methods that allow for more sensitive tests of the event-level association between alcohol consumption and risk of HIV infection may provide a better understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship.

scholarly journals Recurrent Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Moving beyond Epidemiology to Understand the Environmental Reservoirs and Drivers

Challenges ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Edmond Sanganyado
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Borne

Recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted a lot of research interest, raising questions about the effectiveness of current prevention and control methods. However, research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in Africa is dominated by epidemiological studies, while investigations on the environmental drivers and reservoirs of cholera remain scarce. The current discourse relating cholera to the environment in SSA is often limited to the rudimentary statement that, “cholera is caused by the consumption of contaminated water and food”. Yet, beyond this simplistic view, literature elsewhere shows that cholera outbreaks are controlled by its complex interactions with environmental drivers and reservoirs. This brings to question whether cholera can be eradicated in SSA without understanding these complex interactions. The current review seeks to (1) highlight the nature and dynamics of recent cholera outbreaks in SSA, (2) discuss the importance of environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, and anthropogenic and hydroclimatic drivers in controlling the dynamics of cholera outbreaks, and (3) highlight key knowledge gaps and future research directions, and the need to harness emerging research tools such as modeling, machine learning, data mining, and genomics techniques to better understand the cholera dynamics. By bringing to fore these often-overlooked issues in cholera research, we seek to stimulate discussion, and promote a shift toward cross-disciplinary research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in SSA and beyond.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and its associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis' as given in the submission system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Earsido Addila ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yigzaw Kebede Gete ◽  
Mezgebu Yitayal Mengistu ◽  
Getnet Mihretie Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption during pregnancy represents a significant public health concern. It has several adverse health effects for both the mother and the developing fetus. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the effect size of associated factors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Methods The results of the review were reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA) guideline and, it was registered in the Prospero database, number CRD42019127103. The available primary studies were collated from different databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, African Journals Online and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Library. The main search terms were [((alcohol consumption) OR (alcohol drinking) OR (alcohol use) OR (ethanol use) OR (alcohol exposure)) AND ((pregnant women) OR (pregnant mother) OR (during pregnancy)) AND (Sub-Saharan Africa)]. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for critical appraisal of studies. The random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using the I2 statistic and the Cochrane Q test. Results The review resulted in 963 original studies after searching various databases, and finally 37 studies in qualitative synthesis and 30 articles in the systematic review and meta-analysis were included. The overall summary estimate of the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy was found to be 20.83% (95% CI: 18.21, 23.46). The pooled estimate of meta-analysis showed that depression (OR: 1.572; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.845), partners’ alcohol use (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.57), knowledge on harmful effect of alcohol consumption (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.45) and, unplanned pregnancy (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.63) were statistically significant factors with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Conclusions The result showed that there was high alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Sub- Saharan Africa. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy was associated with depression, partners’ alcohol use, unplanned pregnancy and knowledge of the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. Therefore, this will be a basis for public policy and resource allocation for prevention initiatives.

scholarly journals Linking Big Five Personality Domains and Facets to Alcohol (Mis)Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Priscilla Lui ◽  
Michael Chmielewski ◽  
Mayson Trujillo ◽  
Joseph Morris ◽  
Terri Pigott
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aims: The goal of this investigation was to synthesize (un)published studies linking Big Five personality domains and facets to a range of alcohol use outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted to quantify the unique associations between alcohol use outcomes and each Big Five personality domains over and above other domains. Within each domain, meta-analyses also were conducted to examine the unique contribution of each personality facet in alcohol use outcomes. Methods: Systematic literature reviews were performed in PsycINFO and PubMed using keywords related to alcohol use and personality. Peer-reviewed and unpublished studies were screened and coded for the meta-analyses. Eighty independent samples were subjected to correlated effects meta-regressions. Results: Over and above other Big Five personality domains, both conscientiousness and agreeableness were negatively correlated with alcohol consumption, risky/hazardous drinking, and negative drinking-related consequences. Facet-level analyses indicated that deliberation and dutifulness were uniquely associated with alcohol (mis)use over and above other conscientiousness facets, and compliance and straightforwardness were uniquely associated with alcohol (mis)use over and above other agreeableness facets. Extraversion—namely excitement seeking—was correlated with alcohol consumption, whereas neuroticism—namely impulsiveness and angry hostility—was correlated with negative drinking-related consequences. Conclusions: Personality characteristics are robust correlates of alcohol (mis)use. Examining relevant narrowband traits can inform mechanisms by which personality affects drinking behaviors and related problems, and ways to enhance clinical interventions for alcohol use disorder. Gaps in this literature and future research directions are discussed.

Factors Affecting E-Business Adoption by SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
pp. 319-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Princely Ifinedo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Sub Saharan

The use of information communication technologies (ICT) especially the Internet by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is on the increase in many regions of the world, including Africa. Nevertheless, empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding the factors that affect the adoption of e-business is scarce. In that regard, the main objective of this chapter is to fill the research gap with an exploratory study that is aimed at eliciting views from SMEs in Nigeria. This article made use of a theoretical framework encompassing organizational, external and technological contexts to deliberate the issue. A survey is conducted in three Nigerian cities and the findings of the study are presented. The implication of the study is discussed and future research directions also given.

scholarly journals Why Me? An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Drinking Gamers’ Reasons for Selecting Other Players to Drink

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Audley ◽  
Kelcie Grenier ◽  
Jessica L. Martin ◽  
Jeremy Ramos
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
High Risk Drinking

A drinking game (DG) is a high-risk drinking activity because it consists of rules that facilitate heavy drinking. The opportunity to select another player to drink is a feature of certain games, which makes DGs unique among other high-risk drinking activities. Thus, the present study’s aims were to examine the primary reasons why DG participants select another player to drink and why someone believes she or he was selected. We collected qualitative, online responses to open-ended questions about the personal qualities that increase players’ chances of being selected to drink while playing a DG ( N = 409; emerging adults ages 18–25 years; 54.3% women; 41.6% noncurrent college students). Overall, most participants reported perceived personality qualities, followed by a desire for interaction or alcohol consumption, as the primary reason that players are selected, why they are selected, and why they select other players to drink. Implications for practice and future research directions are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals The Global Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Premature Mortality and Health in 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3145
Author(s):  
Ivneet Sohi ◽  
Ari Franklin ◽  
Bethany Chrystoja ◽  
Ashley Wettlaufer ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to estimate the impact of alcohol use on mortality and health among people 69 years of age and younger in 2016. A comparative risk assessment approach was utilized, with population-attributable fractions being estimated by combining alcohol use data from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health with corresponding relative risk estimates from meta-analyses. The mortality and health data were obtained from the Global Health Observatory. Among people 69 years of age and younger in 2016, 2.0 million deaths and 117.2 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost were attributable to alcohol consumption, representing 7.1% and 5.5% of all deaths and DALYs lost in that year, respectively. The leading causes of the burden of alcohol-attributable deaths were cirrhosis of the liver (457,000 deaths), road injuries (338,000 deaths), and tuberculosis (190,000 deaths). The numbers of premature deaths per 100,000 people were highest in Eastern Europe (155.8 deaths per 100,000), Central Europe (52.3 deaths per 100,000 people), and Western sub-Saharan Africa (48.7 deaths per 100,000). A large portion of the burden of disease caused by alcohol among people 69 years of age and younger is preventable through the implementation of cost-effective alcohol policies such as increases in taxation.

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