PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AGAINST OIL SPILLS BY BOOM ARRANGEMENTS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 853-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kau-Fui Vincent Wong ◽  
Diego Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Numerical Algorithm ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Volume Analysis

ABSTRACT An experiment and a computational approach were used to study flow fields around boom arrangements. A volume analysis was performed to quantify the effectiveness of the boom arrangements. The open-channel experiment showed that the booms were most effective when placed at 60° to the shoreline with cylinders placed along the center line. The results of the numerical algorithm were compared with the experimental results, which showed the influence of the cylinders and the recirculation formed between the walls to corral the oil.

Accuracy Investigation of Active Flow Control Using Synthetic Jets

2015 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Na Gao ◽  
Chen Pu ◽  
Bao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Active Flow Control ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
The Mean

2nd order implicit format is implemented in the Navier-Stokes code to deal with instantaneous item unsteady flows. Three simulations are made to testify the method on flow control. First, the external flow fields of synthetic jets are simulated, the mean velocity on the center line, the jet width and velocity distribution are compared well with experimental results. Secondly, the flow fields of synthetic jet in a crossflow are simulated, orifice slot, the mean velocity on the center line and velocity distribution are compared well with experimental results. Finally, the flow control experiments on separation of airfoil are simulated, control methods include steady suction and synthetic jets. Both methods show their ability to favorably effect the flow separation, shortening the length of separation bubble and improving the pressure levels in separation areas in different degrees.

scholarly journals Life and Death: How Should We Respond to Oiled Wildlife?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laird A. Henkel ◽  
Michael H. Ziccardi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Abstract There is ongoing public debate about the best course of action to take when wildlife are affected by oil spills. Critics of wildlife rehabilitation suggest that the cleaning and release of oiled animals is a waste of resources focused on individual animals (not populations); thus, the most responsible course of action is to immediately euthanize affected animals. These critics claim that survival of rehabilitated animals is poor, and that the funds spent on rehabilitation would benefit wildlife more if spent on other conservation efforts. In this opinion piece, with a focus on birds, we review reasons for engaging in a coordinated response to oiled wildlife that includes cleaning and rehabilitation. The reasons for responding to oiled wildlife in any capacity include ethical, human safety, and legal aspects. Our rationale for proposing that responders attempt to rehabilitate wildlife, rather than planning on immediate euthanasia, includes financial, scientific, and additional ethical reasons. Financially, costs for wildlife rehabilitation are typically a very small portion of overall oil-spill response costs, and are typically independent of postspill enforcement and funds used to restore injured natural resources. Scientifically, we review recent studies that have shown that animals cleaned and rehabilitated after oil spills can often survive as well as nonoiled control animals. Ethically, some people would consider individual animals to have intrinsic value and that we, as consumers of petroleum products, have an obligation to reduce suffering and mitigate injuries associated with such accidents. For these reasons, we suggest that, although humane euthanasia should always be considered as an option for animals unlikely to return to normal function after rehabilitation, response to oil spills should include a coordinated effort to attempt wildlife rehabilitation.

Dynamic stability of closed plasma configurations

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Global Stability ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Perturbation Analysis ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plasma Confinement ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
Mhd Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dynamical Principle

The global stability of closed plasma configurations is related to the dynamical principle of least constraint and the spacetime and gauge symmetries of the flow fields. This leads to an entirely new concept of MHD stability which is more basic than stability predictions which rely on a linearized perturbation analysis. The predictions of the theory are compared to recent experimental results obtained in studies of the stability of plasma confinement geometries. The theory predicts the violent ‘instabilities’ of these systems which are currently attributed to other mechanisms. Several pertinent details of the theory which are widely misinterpreted are discussed and clarified.

Solids Distribution in Sediment-Laden Open-Channel Flow: Experiment and Prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Matoušek ◽  
Jan Krupička ◽  
Tomáš Picek ◽  
Štěpán Zrostlik
Keyword(s):  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Solids Concentration

Abstract Solid-liquid flow is studied in an open channel with a mobile bed at the condition of intense transport of solids. It is flow of high-concentrated mixture of coarse sediment and water over a plane surface of the bed eroded due to high bed shear. In the flow, solid particles are non-uniformly distributed across the flow depth. The flow develops a transport layer, adjacent to the the top of the bed, in which transported particles interact with each other. Results are presented of experimental investigations of the sediment-laden open-channel flow in a recirculating titling flume. The experiments included measurements (using ultrasonic techniques) of the distribution of solids velocity across the transport layer. The related distribution of solids concentration was deduced from the measured distribution of velocity and from other measured flow quantities. Since recently, a direct measurement of the solids distribution across the transport layer has been added to the experiments using a measuring technique svideo camera and a laser sheet. This work discusses results of combined measurements of the distributions of solids concentration and velocity in steady uniform turbulent flow for two lightweight solids fractions and various flow conditions (a broad range of the bed Shields parameter, discharge of solids, discharge of mixture, and the longitudinal slope of the bed). Furthermore, the camera-based measuring method and the deducing method for a determination of solids distribution are discussed and their results compared to show a good agreement in a majority of the test runs. The experimental results are compared with predictions of a recently developed bed-load transport model. Among other outputs, the model predicts the position of the top of the transport layer and the local velocity of sediment particles at this position. The presented model predictions agree well with experimental results based on the measured distibutions.

scholarly journals THE SECOND GENERATION OF NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS: LESSONS LEARNED?1

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 727-731
Author(s):  
Randall B. Luthi ◽  
Linda B. Burlington ◽  
Eli Reinharz ◽  
Sharon K. Shutler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
General Counsel ◽  
Natural Resource Damage Assessment

ABSTRACT The Damage Assessment Regulations Team (DART), under the Office of General Counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has centered its efforts on developing natural resource damage assessment regulations for oil pollution in navigable waters. These procedures will likely lower the costs associated with damage assessments, encourage joint cooperative assessments and simplify most assessments. The DART team of NOAA is developing new regulations for the assessment of damages due to injuries related to oil spills under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. These regulations will involve coordination, restoration, and economic valuation. Various methods are currently being developed to assess damages for injuries to natural resources. The proposed means include: compensation tables for spills under 50,000 gallons, Type A model, expedited damage assessment (EDA) procedures, and comprehensive procedures. They are being developed to provide trustees with a choice for assessing natural resource damages for each oil spill.

High Fidelity Computational Approach to Validate Spine Biomechanics Measurements: A Case Study to Correct Scoliosis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Addison ◽  
N. Sarigul-Klijn ◽  
R. Roberto ◽  
A. Jamali ◽  
M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Experimental Values

This paper presents a high fidelity computational approach to be used in validation of biomechanics experimental measurements. As a demonstration, a case study involving a spinous process implant to correct scoliosis is presented. The biomechanical behavior of the spinous process and implant under tensile loading is investigated using experiments and computations. The experimental study examined the ultimate strength of calf thoracic and lumbar spinous processes in three pullout directions. A statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to reveal relationships and variations between pullout direction and vertebral type. The finite element high fidelity computational analysis was performed to validate the experimental results. In the process, the material properties of cortical and trabecular bone were elucidated for calf spinous processes. Good comparisons are obtained. The high fidelity computational approach detailed here should serve useful in validation of experimental values from spine biomechanics experimental.

Biogeographic Computation as Information Processing in Ecosystems

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-161
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pasti ◽  
Alexandre Alberto Politi ◽  
Fernando José Von Zuben ◽  
Leandro Nunes de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Information Processing System ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Role Of Information

Assuming nature can be investigated and understood as an information processing system, this chapter aims to explore this hypothesis in the field of ecosystems. Therefore, based on the concepts of biogeography, it further investigates a computational approach called biogeographic computation to the study of ecosystems. The original proposal in the literature is built from fundamental concepts of ecosystems and from a framework called a metamodel that allows the understanding of how information processing occurs. This chapter reproduces part of the content of the original proposal and extends and better formalizes the metamodel, including novel experimental results, particularly exploring the role of information and causality in ecosystems, both being considered essential aspects of ecosystems' evolution.

Learning Hierarchical Lexical Hyponymy

2012 ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Jiayu Zhou ◽  
Shi Wang ◽  
Cungen Cao
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ontology Learning ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Chinese Information Processing ◽  
Novel Approach

Chinese information processing is a critical step toward cognitive linguistic applications like machine translation. Lexical hyponymy relation, which exists in some Eastern languages like Chinese, is a kind of hyponymy that can be directly inferred from the lexical compositions of concepts, and of great importance in ontology learning. However, a key problem is that the lexical hyponymy is so commonsense that it cannot be discovered by any existing acquisition methods. In this paper, we systematically define lexical hyponymy relationship, its linguistic features and propose a computational approach to semi-automatically learn hierarchical lexical hyponymy relations from a large-scale concept set, instead of analyzing lexical structures of concepts. Our novel approach discovered lexical hyponymy relation by examining statistic features in a Common Suffix Tree. The experimental results show that our approach can correctly discover most lexical hyponymy relations in a given large-scale concept set.

NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION IN CALIFORNIA

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 621-622
Author(s):  
Edward A. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
Natural Resource Protection ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT On October 31, 1984, the vessel USS Puerto Rican exploded at sea off San Francisco. The disabled vessel was towed offshore and on November 3, 1984, the stern sank releasing, at least, an estimated 12,000 barrels of petroleum products. California experiences oil spills affecting natural resources every year. Rarely are these spills as large as the Puerto Rican spill, but natural resource protection minimized the losses of bird life as a result of this incident. Planning for oil spill cleanup helped prevent more losses to these natural resources. In addition, some bird cleaning and rehabilitation equipment and facilities have been provided. The equipment and facilities will remain available to reduce the effect of future spills of oil in, or offshore, California.

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