REMEDIATION AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, LAKE MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184
Author(s):  
Erich R. Gundlach ◽  
Angelos Findikakis ◽  
Luis Delgado ◽  
Alan Harding
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Maracaibo ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
General Cargo ◽  
Channel Configuration ◽  
Oil Tankers

ABSTRACT Lake Maracaibo in western Venezuela is one of the major oil-producing areas of the world with over 12,000 platforms connected by 15,100 km of pipeline, capable of producing 3 million barrels/day. To expedite oil export, the entrance to the lake was dredged beginning in 1938 and reached its present depth (14 m or 45 ft) in 1960 to permit the utilization of Lakemax oil tankers. The deeper channel, however, also altered the water quality of the lake, principally raising salinity and influencing the development of an anoxic zone. Several solutions to these changes have been suggested including reclosure of the channel, therefore excluding tankers. This multiyear study focused on determining the quantity and sources of contaminants entering Lake Maracaibo, and then applied several computer models to determine short- and long-term changes in water quality due to modifications of the entry channel and in contaminant loadings. The final part of the study included development and cost analysis of alternative pathways to continue the transport of oil, coal, petrochemicals, and general cargo to and from the lake. Results indicate that the oil industry contribution to contamination is minor compared to that from domestic discharges at the north end and from river inputs to the south, and that changes in channel configuration (including restoration to the predredged condition) do not improve water quality significantly. A concerted effort is needed to reduce land-based contamination to ensure any sustained improvement of the lake's water quality.

Wet weather water quality modelling of a Portuguese urban catchment: difficulties and benefits

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. David ◽  
R.S. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Deterministic Modelling ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the use of water quality deterministic modelling together with an integrated approach to assess the impact of urban stormwater discharges into ephemeral watercourses, based on the study of a Portuguese catchment. The description of the main aspects, difficulties and benefits found during data collection and model calibration and verification is presented, and the associated uncertainties and errors discussed. Experimental results showed a strong short- and long-term impact of sewer discharges on rivers, and confirmed deposition, resuspension and transport of pollutants as important processes for the water quality. However, the resuspension of riverbed sediment pollutants during storms was probably more significant than the direct impact of the urban discharges. The HydroWorks™ model was used since it allows for the calculation of pollutant build-up on catchment surfaces and in gully pots, their wash-off, and the deposition and erosion of sediments in sewers. However, it uses several constants, which could not be independently calibrated, increasing the uncertainty already associated with the data. River flows have quite different magnitude from the sewer system overflows, which, together with the difficulties in evaluating river flow rates, makes the integrated modelling approach rather complex and costly.

Long-term dynamics of fouling communities found on offshore installations in the North Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whomersley ◽  
G.B. Picken
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Fouling Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
Fouling Organisms

Inspection videos of four offshore platforms in the central and northern North Sea were used to study the development of fouling communities on clamps and guides of oil export risers over an 11-y period (1989–2000). Results from multivariate analyses (multi-dimensional scaling and analysis of similarities) indicated that distinct assemblages developed in different geographical locations. These differences were mainly due to the protracted development of theMetridium senile(Cnidaria: Actinaria) zone on the northern sector platforms. The vertical zonation of fouling organisms was similar on all installations, although the water depth at platform locations varied from 80 to 169 m, indicating that fouling organisms display a wide bathymetric tolerance. This study has highlighted the value of long-term data present in operational inspection videos for the study of fouling communities.

scholarly journals Analysis of the grounding of the MV Rena in New Zealand, 5 October, 2011

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McLean
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
General Cargo ◽  
Volunteer Time

The grounding of the general cargo vessel MV Rena near Tauranga Harbor in October 2011 was New Zealand’s worst environmental disaster. The ship hit an offshore reef, creating hazardous salvage conditions,and the consequent spill of 350 tonnes of fuel oil affected 50 km of coastline and many islands. Many containers fell overboard, creating hazards for other shipping, requiring additional salvage resources, and introducing toxins to the marine environment that are still washing up six years later. The community responded to the disaster by flocking to the beaches and cleaning up the oil by hand, giving well over 20,000 hours of volunteer time. Short- and long-term environmental consequences for wildlife and the inshore marine environment are reviewed, along with the effects on the local economy, the political context and the management response. There were significant economic effects during the summer immediately following the event, but the clean-up appears to have been remarkably successful. While the above-water superstructure of the ship was removed, much of the (broken-up) hull remains on or close to the reef today. The final (legal) decision on the removal of the wreck has enabled abandonment of the wreck. There appear to be few, if any, long-term wider environmental effects although elevated levels of some contaminants are still measurable close to the wreck in 2017.

scholarly journals VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS TO CONTAMINATION USING THE DRASTIC METHOD AND RISK DETERMINATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (84) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Berenice de Paula Amaral ◽  
Renato Farias Do Valle junior ◽  
Emerson Ribeiro Machado ◽  
Hygor Evangelista Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Drastic Method ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Sandstone Formation

Groundwater represents an important component in the supply of freshwater in several regions around the world. The contamination of these waters is a worrisome problem in the management of water resources. Since underground aquifers are vulnerable to contamination by human and industrial activities, including land use, the diagnosis associated with land use is critical for environmental management. The present study was carried out in the Uberaba sandstone formation, in which the vulnerability of the subterranean aquifers was determined using the DRASTIC method, by evaluating the interaction between the use and occupation of the land using a geographic information system. Thus, the risk of contamination of the underground aquifer was determined by evaluating the land use with the water quality and fertility. The tool applied in the present study proved effective for the diagnosis, management and action planning in the short and long term, with the intention of preserving these natural resources.

scholarly journals The establishment of breastfeeding in the small-for-gestational-age baby

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Emma Dooks ◽  
David Owens ◽  
Tomasina Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Maternity Unit ◽  
The North ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Optimum Nutrition

Background Term babies born smaller than expected for a given gestation are at greater risk of short- and long-term health conditions. Breastmilk is the optimum nutrition for all babies and offers specific protection from the risks that follow from being born small for gestational age. Aim To explore breastfeeding outcomes for babies born with a birthweight below the 10th centile. Methods Data were collected on all women giving birth in one maternity unit in the north of England over a year. Method of feeding at three time points was compared between small-for-gestational-age and appropriately grown babies. Findings Small-for-gestational-age babies were significantly less likely to be breastfeeding at discharge from hospital and community services compared to larger babies. Conclusion This study suggests that small-for-gestational-age babies are disadvantaged in establishing breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Biology and Economics of Recommendations for Insecticide-Based Management of Soybean Aphid

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Koch ◽  
Bruce D. Potter ◽  
Phillip A. Glogoza ◽  
Erin W. Hodgson ◽  
Christian H. Krupke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, remains the key insect pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in the north-central United States. Management of this pest has relied primarily on scouting and application of foliar insecticides based on an economic threshold (ET) of 250 aphids per plant. This review explains why this ET remains valid for soybean aphid management, despite changes in crop value and input costs. In particular, we review how soybean aphid impacts soybean yield, the role of biology and economics in recommendations for soybean aphid management, and the short- and long-term consequences of inappropriately timed insecticide applications. Accepted for publication 13 December 2016.

scholarly journals Impact of service line replacement on lead, cadmium, and other drinking water quality parameters in Flint, Michigan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-808
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Rockey ◽  
Yun Shen ◽  
Sarah-Jane Haig ◽  
Madeleine Wax ◽  
James Yonts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Service Line ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study elucidates the short- and long-term impacts of lead service line replacement in Flint homes following a corrosion event.

scholarly journals ONLINE INTEGRATED MODELING ON REGIONAL SCALE IN NORTH-WEST RUSSIA: EVALUATION OF AEROSOLS INFLUENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Georgy Nerobelov ◽  
Margarita Sedeeva ◽  
Alexander Mahura ◽  
Roman Nuterman ◽  
Suleiman Mostamandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Total Cloud Cover ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Aerosol Effect ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Aerosol Effects

In this study the aerosols influence on selected meteorological parameters during two summer 2010 periods is evaluated with focus on the North-West Russia and urban area of St. Petersburg. For that, the seamless fully online-integrated Enviro-HIRLAM model is used. The simulations are realised in short- and long-term modes for selected periods. For evaluation of aerosol influence, in addition to the control/ reference run, the runs with direct, indirect and both combined aerosol effects are performed.It was found that for the North-West Russia region, the direct aerosol effect had increased air temperature (by 1-3˚) and decreased total cloud cover (by 10-20%). The indirect effect decreased temperature (by 0.4-1˚) and increased cloud cover (by 10-20%). The combined effect was the largest territorially; and such effect both decreased temperature and cloud cover (by 1-3˚ and by 6-20%, respectively) as well as increased these (by 0.4-0.6˚ and 1020%).

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