Contamination of the Water Table by an Oil Spill at the Presidente Getulio Vargas Refinery – Repar, Municipality of Araucaria, Paraná

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033
Author(s):  
Artur Cezar Bastos Neto ◽  
Nelson Oswaldo Luna Caicedo ◽  
Clarissa Lovato Melo ◽  
Alexandra Finott
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Reactive Barrier ◽  
Getulio Vargas

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of the evaluation of contamination in the Saldanha Creek basin, caused by an oil spill at Refinaria Presidente Getúlio Vargas belonging to PETROBRAS, in Araucária – state of Paraná, which occurred on July 16, 2000. The oil reached Saldanha stream following 4 distinct paths and, over its course, overflowed the canal banks contaminating a total of 17.70 hectares of existing wetlands. The oil infiltration into the subsoil occurred in two main areas: (1) around the scraper, which is where most of the oil was infiltrated (approximately 43,000 liters of oil in free phase); (2) in Wetland 4, where the contaminant is mainly adsorbed to the soil particles. The characteristics of the former favor the implementation of a subsurface drainage system, with an oil separator. In the second, flooding the area would allow the removal of part of the contaminant by a difference of density, and part with a reactive barrier to which the groundwater flow would be induced.

scholarly journals Impact of Subsurface Drainage System on Water Table and Soil Hydologic Parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 4014-4020
Author(s):  
Rahul Patil ◽  
P. Balakrishnan ◽  
U. Satish Kumar ◽  
G.V. Srinivasa Reddy ◽  
A.S. Channabasavanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage

scholarly journals Calibration of DRAINMOD for prediction of water table depths and drain discharges under waterlogged Vertisols of Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-731
Author(s):  
Shrimant Rathod ◽  
Sudhir Dahiwalkar ◽  
Sunil Gorantiwar ◽  
Mukund Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Drain Spacing ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Rainy Days

An estimation of optimal design parameters of subsurface drainage system through monitoring of water table depths and drain discharges are expensive in terms of time and money. The simulation modeling is an effective tool for estimation of drainage design parameters at less cost and short time. In view to this, calibration of DRAINMOD model for prediction of water table depths and drain discharges were conducted by installing subsurface drainage system with 40 m drain spacing and 1.0 m drain depth at Agricultural Research Station, Kasbe Digraj, Dist. Sangli (Maharashtra) during 2012-13 to 2013-14. The field data on water table depth and drain discharge were used for calibration of DRAINMOD model. The input data files on climatic, soil, crop and drainage design system parameters were attached to DRAINMOD model and calibrated successfully. It is found that both observed and simulated water table depths and drain discharges showed a fluctuating trend and predicted both water table depths and drain discharges closely with the observed values during frequent rainy days and following the rainy days. The DRAINMOD model reliably predicted water table depths with a goodness of fit (R2 = 0.97), MAE (12.23 cm), RMSE (15.49 cm) and CRM (0.05); drain discharges with R2 of  0.93, MAE of 0.095 mm day-1, RMSE of 0.1876 mm day-1and CRM of 0.04. Thus, the calibrated DRAINMOD model can be used to simulate the water table depths and drain discharges in semi-arid climatic conditions of Maharashtra and in turn to estimate and evaluate drain spacing and depth.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Unsteady Drain Spacing Equations for Optimal Design of Subsurface Drainage System under Waterlogged Vertisols of Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Rathod ◽  
S. D. Dahiwalkar ◽  
S. D. Gorantiwar ◽  
M. G. Gorantiwar
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Drain Spacing

The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kasbe Digraj, Dist. Sangli during Adsali sugarcane season of 2012-13 to 2013-14. The experiment was conducted by installing subsurface drainage system with 10, 20, 30 and 40 m drain spacing and 1 m drain depth. In view of different costs and effectiveness of subsurface drainage associated with the varying depths and spacings, field evaluation of unsteady drain spacing equations was important for finding out the optimal drain spacing equation among various equations. The field evaluation of unsteady drain spacing equations revealed that the van Schilfgaarde, Hammad, Modified Glover, Guyon and Integrated Hooghoudt’s equation performed satisfactory for estimation of water table depths among seven unsteady drain spacing equations. The Glover-Dumm and Modified Glover-Dumm’s equations were not performed satisfactory for estimation of water table depths. Among unsteady drain spacing equations, van Schilfgaarde’s equation performed better and hence recommended for water table depth estimation and in turn for optimal design of subsurface drainage system under waterlogged Vertisols of Maharashtra.

THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ON SOIL FORMATION IN A MORAINAL LANDSCAPE IN SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. MILLER ◽  
D. F. ACTON ◽  
R. J. ST. ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Water Tables

The results of this study indicate the importance of groundwater flow and water table depth on the genesis, characteristics and distribution of soils within a hummocky morainal landscape. Non-saline and non-carbonated soils in upland depressions can be attributed to "depression-focused" recharge by snowmelt and snowmelt runoff in the spring, as evidenced by deep sola and/or eluvial horizons. Non-saline and carbonated soils on lower slopes adjacent to depressions are associated with local discharge and/or lateral flow from the adjacent groundwater mounds under the depressions in spring, as well as upward flow in the summer resulting from water use by phreatophytes such as willows, creating a water table depression around the slough fringes. Saline and carbonated soils at low elevations are associated with shallow and rather stable water tables, and local discharge from surrounding uplands. Soil types on uplands are more dependent on slope position and infiltration than on depth to water table or groundwater flow. Non-saline soils of different profile types occur on mid- and upper slope positions. These areas have a deep water table with mainly recharge or lateral flow occurring in the saturated zone. The infiltration of surface runoff water in upland depressions is the dominant factor influencing the distribution of soluble salts in this hummocky landscape. Key words: Water table, landscape position, recharge, discharge, soluble salts, soil genesis, morphology, carbonate soil

scholarly journals Advances and Challenging Issues in Subsurface Drainage Module Technology and BIOECODS: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 07005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrasheed Sa'id Abdurrasheed ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof ◽  
Husna Bt Takaijudin ◽  
Aminuddin Ab. Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Attenuation ◽  
Permeability Rate ◽  
Over Time

Subsurface drainage modules are important components of the Bio-ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) which is a system designed to manage stormwater quantity and quality using constructed grass swales, subsurface modules, dry and wet ponds. BIOECODS is gradually gaining attention as one of the most ecologically sustainable solutions to the frequent flash floods in Malaysia and the rest of the world with a focus on the impact of the subsurface modules to the effectiveness of the system. Nearly two decades of post-construction research in the BIOECODS technology, there is need to review findings and areas of improvement in the system. Thus, this study highlighted the key advances and challenges in these subsurface drainage modules through an extensive review of related literature. From the study, more work is required on the hydraulic characteristics, flow attenuation and direct validation methods between field, laboratory, and numerical data. Also, there is concern over the loss of efficiency during the design life especially the infiltration capacity of the module, the state of the geotextile and hydronet over time. It is recommended for the sake of higher performance, that there should be an onsite methodology to assess the permeability, rate of clogging and condition of the geotextile as well as the hydronet over time.

scholarly journals Water Table Management Reduces Tile Nitrate Loss in Continuous Corn and in a Soybean-Corn Rotation

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig F. Drury ◽  
Chin S. Tan ◽  
John D. Gaynor ◽  
John W. Daniel Reynolds ◽  
Thomas W. Welacky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Nitrate Loss ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Water Table Management ◽  
Drinking Water Guideline

Water table management systems can be designed to alleviate soil water excesses and deficits, as well as reduce nitrate leaching losses in tile discharge. With this in mind, a standard tile drainage (DR) system was compared over 8 years (1991 to 1999) to a controlled tile drainage/subirrigation (CDS) system on a low-slope (0.05 to 0.1%) Brookston clay loam soil (Typic Argiaquoll) in southwestern Ontario, Canada. In the CDS system, tile discharge was controlled to prevent excessive drainage, and water was pumped back up the tile lines (subirrigation) to replenish the crop root zone during water deficit periods. In the first phase of the study (1991 to 1994), continuous corn (Zea mays, L.) was grown with annual nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs as per local soil test recommendations. In the second phase (1995 to 1999), a soybean (Glycine max L., Merr.)-corn rotation was used with N fertilizer added only during the two corn years. In Phase 1 when continuous corn was grown, CDS reduced total tile discharge by 26% and total nitrate loss in tile discharge by 55%, compared to DR. In addition, the 4-year flow weighted mean (FWM) nitrate concentration in tile discharge exceeded the Canadian drinking water guideline (10 mg N l–1) under DR (11.4 mg N l–1), but not under CDS (7.0 mg N l–1). In Phase 2 during the soybean-corn rotation, CDS reduced total tile discharge by 38% and total nitrate loss in tile discharge by 66%, relative to DR. The 4-year FWM nitrate concentration during Phase 2 in tile discharge was below the drinking water guideline for both DR (7.3 mg N l–1) and CDS (4.0 mg N l–1). During both phases of the experiment, the CDS treatment caused only minor increases in nitrate loss in surface runoff relative to DR. Hence CDS decreased FWM nitrate concentrations, total drainage water loss, and total nitrate loss in tile discharge relative to DR. In addition, soybean-corn rotation reduced FWM nitrate concentrations and total nitrate loss in tile discharge relative to continuous corn. CDS and crop rotations with reduced N fertilizer inputs can thus improve the quality of tile discharge water substantially.

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