scholarly journals Initial Growth Responses of Four Woody Plants for Indoor Landscaping according to Irrigation Frequency

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei-Jung Kwon ◽  
Bong-Ju Park
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Irrigation Frequency

Seedling Growth Responses of Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) to Tebuthiuron and Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Allen Rasmussen ◽  
Roger P. Smith ◽  
Charles J. Scifres
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Glandulosa ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Pennisetum Ciliare ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Soil Changes ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} at 2 or 4 ppmw placed 0 to 3, 8 to 11, or 15 to 18 cm deep in soil columns reduced root and shoot weights of buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare(L.) Link # PESCI] 30 days after emergence. Plains bristlegrass (Setaria macrostachyaH.B.K.) seedling shoot weights were not reduced when 2 ppmw tebuthiuron was placed 8 to 11 cm deep or deeper. Effects of tebuthiuron at 0.13 to 0.50 ppmw on buffelgrass shoot and net tiller production were not moderated by the presence of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa# PRCJG) in the pots. However, regardless of tebuthiuron dosage, average height and shoot weight of buffelgrass seedlings were greater when seedlings were grown in soil collected from beneath honey mesquite canopies compared to growth in soil from interspaces. Therefore, spatial variations in buffelgrass response to applications of tebuthiuron for control of invading shrubs may largely be attributed to soil changes induced by woody plants rather than to presence of shrubs.

scholarly journals Calibration Coefficients Added to ROSESIM Improve Predictions of Growth in Greenhouse Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 654d-654
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hopper ◽  
Kevin T. Cifelli
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Growth Equations ◽  
Actual Growth ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Calibration Coefficients

Growth predictions derived from data collected in controlled-environment chambers would be expected to differ from growth responses observed in variable greenhouse conditions. ROSESIM was developed as a dynamic plant growth model based on `Royalty' rose (Rosa hybrida L.) response to 15 unique treatment combinations of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), day temperature (DT), and night temperature (NT) under constant growth chamber conditions. Regression coefficients for growth equations are read from an external ASCII file, thus permitting coefficients up to a full quadratic model form. Calibration coefficients (CC) were added to ROSESIM to enable predictions to be altered proportionally to permit improved prediction of specific growth characteristics. Numerator and denominator values for CC are adjustable for the first 10 days (initial) growth equations, subsequent growth until anthesis equations, and for the prediction of anthesis. Validation studies were used to set CC values; this enables the model based on growth in controlled environment chambers to be systematically calibrated on site to fit actual growth measured at a specific greenhouse location.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT LEVELS OF PINE BARK MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 849c-849
Author(s):  
T.E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Foliar Tissue ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Ilex × `Nellie R. Stevens' holly, Rhododendron sp. `Hinodegeri' azalea and Pyracantha coccinea, scarlet firethorn rooted cuttings were potted in • 3.81 containers. Irrigation was applied by Dram rings daily, or every 2,4,or 6 days. Approximately 1000 ml of water were applied at each irrigation. Three container media, including pine bark, and pine bark amended with either Terra-Sorb AG synthetic moisture extender incorporated at 1.2 kg/m3 or Aqua-Gro G wetting agent incorporated at 0.9 kg/m3 plus monthly drenches of 700 ml of 2500 ppm Aqua-Gro L were compared for physical and chemical properties and plant growth responses. Decreasing irrigation decreased pH, increased nutrient leachate levels, and increased foliar tissue levels of N,P,K,Ca,and Fe in holly and azalea. Pyracantha top and root dry weight was reduced at 4 and 6 day irrigation intervals, holly top growth was reduced by 6 day and azalea had greatest shoot growth at 2 day irrigation and was reduced by other irrigation frequencies. Top growth of all 3 species and root growth of pyracantha was reduced in the pine bark treatment.

scholarly journals EFEITO DA FREQÜÊNCIA DE IRRIGAÇÃO SUBSUPERFICIAL POR GOTEJAMENTO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR (Saccharum spp.)

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Barcellos Dalri ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Set Up

EFEITO DA Freqüência dE irrigação subsuperficial por gotejamento no desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)[1]   Alexandre Barcellos DalriRaimundo Leite Cruz Depto de Eng. Rural – FCA – UNESP – Campus de BotucatuCP 237 – Fone(14) 6802-7165 – CEP.  18603-970 – Botucatu – SP   1 RESUMO              Este trabalho teve como o objetivo, verificar o efeito da freqüência da irrigação subsuperficial por gotejamento no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar.            Os tubos gotejadores foram instalados sob a linha da cultura, a uma profundidade de 0,3 m. A cana-de-açúcar foi plantada no dia 03/03/2000 e a partir de 01/04/2000 iniciaram os tratamentos nas parcelas irrigadas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, e quatro repetições, definidos por regimes de freqüência da irrigação. O sistema de irrigação era acionado quando a evapotranspiração da cultura atingisse 10 mm, 20 mm, e 30 mm, para os tratamentos 1, 2, e 3 respectivamente. O tratamento 4 foi definido como testemunha (não irrigado).             A colheita foi realizada no dia 05/12/2000 e através da avaliação de produção de massa fresca, diâmetro e comprimento do colmo, e produção de massa seca, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes regimes de freqüência de irrigação. Todavia, quando comparado com a testemunha, as irrigações proporcionaram um aumento médio maior que 45 % na produção de massa fresca e seca final dos colmos.   UNITERMOS: irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial, cana-de-açúcar.   DALRI, A.B., CRUZ, R.L. EFFECT OF SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON GROWTH OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum spp.)   2 ABSTRACT             The aim of this study was to verify subsurface drip irrigation effects on sugarcane initial growth.           Drip lines were set up under crop rows at 0.3 m deep. Sugarcane was planted on March 3, 2000, and drip irrigation treatments began on April 1, 2000. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four treatments and four replications according  to irrigation frequency. Irrigation system was turned on when crop evapotranspiration reached 10, 20 and 30 mm for the treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Treatment 4 was considered  the control (without irrigation).           Harvest was carried out on December 5, 2000, and based on fresh and dry weight, stem diameter and length evaluation no statistical differences for irrigation frequencies have been observed, although irrigation has increased fresh and dried yield over 45% when compared to the control treatment.  KEYWORDS: subsurface drip irrigation, sugarcane.[1] Parte da dissertação do primeiro autor, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia – Irrigação e Drenagem

scholarly journals Temperature Effects on Growth of Impatiens Plug Seedlings in Controlled Environments

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dreesen ◽  
Robert W. Langhans
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures

The objective of this study was to determine the dry weight, height, and leaf area growth responses of impatiens (Impatiens walerana Hook. f.) plug seedlings to air temperatures ranging from 18 to 29C. The conditions maintained in the controlled-environment growth rooms (CEGR) were ambient C02 levels, 24-h lighting, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) ranging from ≈215; to 335 μmol·m-2·s-1. Mean daily temperatures of the plug medium ranged from 19.6 to 27.7C. At the higher PPF level, shoot dry weight decreased at plug medium temperatures (PMT) > 25C; at lower PPF levels (<300 μmol·m-2·s-1), shoot dry weight continued to increase with PMT > 25C. The mean relative growth rate (MRGR) of shoot dry weight was positively correlated with PMT during the initial growth period (up to 14 days from sowing) and was negatively correlated thereafter. The maximum MRGR was predicted to occur at 11.7 days from sowing for a PMT of 19.6C, at 10.8 days for a PMT of 21.6C, and at 9.7 days for a PMT of 23.6C. Linear regression coefficients of shoot height as a function of PMT were substantially higher for seedlings grown at lower PPF than those for seedlings from the highest PPF level. Seedling leaf area consistently increased with increasing temperature. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased with increasing seedling age NAR increased with increasing PPF. A decrease in NAR was apparent at 29C relative to values at the lower temperatures. Leaf area ratio (LAR) declined with increasing seedling age and PPF; a quadratic relationship of LAR as a function of PMT indicates a minimum LAR at 22.5C. The seedlings grown at 29C were excessively tall, had thin succulent leaves, and were judged unacceptable for shipping and transplanting. Maximum quality indices (i.e., dry weight per height) were found at PMT of 24.3 to 25.OC for 10- to 14-day-old seedlings and at PMT of 23.0 to 24.OC for 16- to 20-day-old seedlings.

scholarly journals Seedling growth and survival of five tree species in secondary forests and adjacent pastures in the montane rain forests of southern Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Chacón ◽  
Juan Manuel López-Ley ◽  
Gerardo Ávalos
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Leaf Mass

Successful forest restoration in tropical environments is limited by the paucity of studies on the initial establishment and early survival requirements of seedlings of most native tropical tree species under disturbed conditions. Here, we evaluated the initial growth responses and the regeneration potential of seedlings of five tree species native to Costa Rica (Hasseltia floribunda, Inga densiflora, Persea americana, Tapirira mexicana and Trichilia pittieri). Seedlings were grown in secondary forests and adjacent open pastures under contrasting conditions of light availability. We quantified seedling growth, survival and herbivory from August 2010 to August 2011 on a monthly basis, and measured differences in leaf mass per area (LMA) at the end of the experiment. We found significant variation in growth responses between the understory of secondary forests and pastures. Growth in height was highest in pastures across all species, with I. densiflora, P. americana and T. mexicana showing the most striking differences. In contrast, H. floribunda and T. pittieri did not show differences in diameter growth between environments. Except for T. mexicana, herbivory increased throughout the experiment in all the species. Herbivory increased faster in pastures for H. floribunda and T. pittieri and showed higher rates in the forest understory for I. densiflora and P. americana. Seedling survival showed significant differences for all species across environments. Survival of H. floribunda and I. densiflora was higher in secondary forests, whereas the other species showed higher survival in pastures. Leaf mass per area showed higher values in the forest understory across all species. Due to their rapid growth and high survival, I. densiflora and T. mexicana showed great potential to restore abandoned pastures and secondary forests. Increasing our knowledge on the response of seedlings under disturbed conditions in tropical ecosystems is critical for improving the restoration of altered environments by matching the ecological amplitude of native species with specific environmental conditions

scholarly journals 644 Optimum Irrigation and Fertilization Regimes for Ivy Geranium (Pelargonium peltatum)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 508D-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Jonas ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Pelargonium Peltatum ◽  
Ivy Geranium ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the ranges of irrigation frequency and N and P fertilization regimes that produce ivy geranium (Pelargonium peltatum L.) plants of optimum commercial quality. Two cultivars, `Sybil Holmes' and `Amethyst', were grown. Data collected included fresh and dry weights, ratings, leaf area, height, width, ratings, and nutrient tissue content. Individual pots were weighed daily and irrigated when weight of pots dropped by 15%, 30%, 45%, or 60% of container capacity (CC). Leaf water potential was measured using a pressure chamber. At both mid and end of crop, plants irrigated when pot weight dropped by 30% of CC were under least water stress (e.g., water potential of –7.0 to –4.7 MPa). Irrigation frequencies at 15%, 45%, or 60% of CC had similar water potentials (e.g., –9.9 to –9.1 MPa). At 15%, a plausible explanation of the stress is that oxygen was limiting in the root zone due to water-logging; at 45% and 60%, water was the limiting factor. Single factor experiments with N at five concentrations ranging from 2 to 32 mm and P at five concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 2.56 mm were conducted. Quadratic equations were fit to curves of growth responses plotted against concentration of N or P applied. As an example of results, N fertilizer rates of 16 and 32 mm for `Amethyst' resulted in similar, commercially acceptable dry weights (37g), but different N tissue concentrations of 3.4% and 3.9% respectively. For `Sybil Holmes', N fertilizer rates of 10 and 26 mm resulted in similar dry weights (21g) but different tissue concentrations of 2.8% and 3.4%, respectively.

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