scholarly journals Capability of Vetiver (Vetiveria Zizanioides), Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum) and Organic Manures to Remove Total Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals from Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Port Harcourt

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
J. A. Chukwumati ◽  
O. J. Kamalu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Guinea Grass

In a field study conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Rivers State University PortHarcourt, Nigeria, to examine the ability of vetiver and guinea grasses amended with organic manures in remediation of crude oil polluted soil; soil polluted with Bonny light crude oil at 0 and 2% v/w was subjected to a remediation processes using vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) amended with organic manures for a period of twelve months. Two weeks after pollution, poultry and rabbit manures were applied at 0, 10, 20 and 30 tons per hectare respectively. Vetiver and guinea grasses were planted two weeks later.  It was fitted in factorial split plots randomized block design.  Results of the study revealed that remediation of the soil with grasses degraded the Total hydrocarbon content (THC) to 23 and 21.2% for vetiver and guinea grass respectively, while the quantity of heavy metals removed from the soil were 28.4% and 25.9% for iron, 37.3 and 32.8% for zinc, 35.8 and 30.8% for lead (Pb) and 23.1 and 38.5% cadmium for vetiver and guinea grass respectively. Amendment of the soil with 30 tons’ /ha organic manures increased the quantity of THC degraded to 70.6% and 67.9% for vetiver and guinea grass respectively while the concentration/quantity of heavy metals removed from the soil increased to 58.4 and 54.7% for Fe, 66.9 and 65.1% for Zn, 69.4 and 66.6% for Pb and 80.8 and 71.2%, in Cd for vetiver and guinea grass respectively. The quantity and concentration of THC and heavy metals degraded in the soil was higher in vetiver than guinea grass plots and in vetiver amended with poultry manure than in guinea grass amended with rabbit manure. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in uptake of THC and heavy metals in plant tissues between vetiver and guinea grass. Vetiver accumulated more of the contaminants in their tissues than guinea grass. Amendment of the soil with organic manures reduced the uptake of the contaminants (THC and heavy metals) from the plant tissues. Generally, both grasses have the capability to remediate crude oil contaminated soil. Augmentation of the two grasses with organic manures enhanced their capability.

scholarly journals Growth promotion of Guinea grass by diazotrophic bacteria1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Passos Silva ◽  
Gian Otávio Alves Silva ◽  
Tayla Évellin Oliveira ◽  
Adauton Vilela Rezende ◽  
Ligiane Aparecida Florentino
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Guinea Grass

ABSTRACT The Panicum maximum species (cv. Mombaça) is a forage plant well adapted to the different edaphoclimatic conditions found in Brazil; however, it requires high nitrogen fertilizer doses to ensure high yields. The present study aimed to assess the inoculation effect with associative diazotrophic bacteria strains on the yield and bromatological characteristics of the Guinea grass. A randomized block design was used, consisting of 25 treatments, being 23 of them inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and two without inoculation (one with and the other without mineral nitrogen), with four repetitions. The analyzed variables were stem diameter; leaf width and length; leaf, stem and root dry mass yield; crude protein; acid and neutral detergent fibers. There were no differences among the treatments for root dry mass, stem diameter and acid detergent fiber. For the remaining variables, a positive effect of the inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria was observed, particularly for the following Unifenas strains: 100-06, 100-13, 100-26, 100-30, 10-35, 100-54, 100-69, 100-71 and 100-94. This reveals the potential of these bacterial strains for use at the sustainable production of the Guinea grass with a reduction in the use of nitrogen inputs.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction Capacity of Panicum maximum Grown on Synthetic Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Hogban Coulibaly ◽  
Aman Messou ◽  
Jean-Marie Pét ◽  
Lacina Coulibaly
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Panicum Maximum

scholarly journals Assessment and bioremediation of heavy metals from crude oil contaminated soil by earthworms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Ekperusi ◽  
I.F. Aigbodion ◽  
B.N. Iloba ◽  
S. Okorefe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil

scholarly journals Animal Performance with and without Supplements in Mombaça Guinea Grass Pastures during Dry Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itânia Maria Medeiros de Araújo ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Rodrigo Da Costa Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Energy Supplementation

The objectives were to: 1) evaluate the potential of the animal performance on Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça (mombaça guinea grass) pasture during dry season, and 2) determine the effects of protein or protein-energy supplementation on liveweight gain of steers grazing guinea grass pasture. A complete randomized block design was employed with three treatments and three replicates. Treatments included non-supplemented animals (NS) and animals supplemented with protein (PS) or protein-energy (PES), provided at 0.15% or 0.6% of body weight for 115 days, during dry period. We used 36 weaned calves from initial bodyweigh (LW) of 192 kg (±5 kg) on nine plots of mombaça guinea grass (1.25 ha each). Each month, animals were weighed and pastures sampled to estimate forage characteristics. The average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P = 0.0001) for cattle fed supplement than for cattle fed no supplement (250 g steer-1), and greater for protein-energy supplement (770 g steer-1) than for protein supplement (460 g steer-1). Mombaça guinea grass pastures with 45 cm height at the end of the wet season have enough forage mass for maintenance throughout the dry season about 1.4 AU ha-1 (AU = 450 kg BW), and reasonable nutritive value (average of 8,1% of crude protein and 55,3% of in vitro organic matter digestibility) to provide small gains. Considering the nutritive value of Mombaça guinea grass during the dry period, protein and energy supplementation is required for weaned calves to optimize their performance.

Toxicity Assessment of some Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in the Niger Delta

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Aisien ◽  
J.C. Chiadikobi ◽  
E.T. Aisien
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters

This paper considered the toxicity assessment of some crude oil contaminated soils in Niger Delta areas. The soil samples were collected from different horizontal distances, vertical depths and contaminated soil of different ages. The heavy metals in the contaminated soils were digested and extracted using di-acid digested and DTPA extraction methods respectively. The physiochemical parameters (moisture content, pH, N, P and heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Cd) were analysed with APHA method. The heavy metals concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that the metals concentration decreased with the age of the contaminated soil and with increased vertical depths. However, the metals concentrations were almost constant at different horizontal distances. Similar trend was observed for the moisture content, pH, N, P and K.

scholarly journals Sward structural characteristics and herbage accumulation of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça subjected to rotational stocking managements

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Adriana Amaral de Oliveira Bueno ◽  
Roberta Aparecida Carnevalli ◽  
Marina Castro Uebele ◽  
Fernando Oliveira Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Guinea Grass

Grazing strategies promote changes in sward structure that can affect patterns of herbage accumulation and sward flexibility to management. This experiment evaluated sward structural characteristics and herbage accumulation of Mombaça guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça) subjected to rotational stocking managements. Treatments involved grazing when swards reached either 95 or 100% interception of the incident light (LI), to post-grazing heights of 30 and 50 cm, and were allocated to 2,000 m² paddocks according to a randomised complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four replications, from January 2001 to February 2002. Sward canopy changed from a vertical to a more horizontal orientation as the light interception area index and height increased from post to pre-grazing. Leaf canopy height pre-grazing was stable throughout the year and around 90 and 115 cm for the 95% and 100% LI treatments respectively, indicating a potential for development and use of target-based grazing management practices. Herbage mass pre and post-grazing was lower for the 95% than the 100% LI treatments, but with higher proportion of leaf and lower proportions of stem and dead material. Treatment effects on herbage accumulation were cumulative and became more evident as the experiment progressed, with up to 6 t ha-1 DM advantage to the 95/30 treatment. Although based on a single year experiment, grazing management should aim for low herbage mass during the transition period from winter to spring in order to allow fast recovery of swards and favour herbage accumulation during the following growing season.

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