Growth promotion of Guinea grass by diazotrophic bacteria1

ABSTRACT The Panicum maximum species (cv. Mombaça) is a forage plant well adapted to the different edaphoclimatic conditions found in Brazil; however, it requires high nitrogen fertilizer doses to ensure high yields. The present study aimed to assess the inoculation effect with associative diazotrophic bacteria strains on the yield and bromatological characteristics of the Guinea grass. A randomized block design was used, consisting of 25 treatments, being 23 of them inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and two without inoculation (one with and the other without mineral nitrogen), with four repetitions. The analyzed variables were stem diameter; leaf width and length; leaf, stem and root dry mass yield; crude protein; acid and neutral detergent fibers. There were no differences among the treatments for root dry mass, stem diameter and acid detergent fiber. For the remaining variables, a positive effect of the inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria was observed, particularly for the following Unifenas strains: 100-06, 100-13, 100-26, 100-30, 10-35, 100-54, 100-69, 100-71 and 100-94. This reveals the potential of these bacterial strains for use at the sustainable production of the Guinea grass with a reduction in the use of nitrogen inputs.

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Productivity and quality of Mombasa grass under fertilization with pig deep-litter and NPK

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n7p437-443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 437-443

Author(s):

Marina da C. Guerrero ◽

Tiago R. de Sousa ◽

Saulo A. de Oliveira ◽

Rômulo R. Caldeira ◽

Adilson Pelá

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Point Of View ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Economic Point ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The use of pig deep-litter (PDL) in pasture fertilization can be an important alternative from an environmental and economic point of view. This study was conducted to evaluate the fertilization with PDL exclusively or in association with mineral fertilizers on the quality and productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa. The experiment was carried out in Ipameri, GO, Brazil. The design was a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four repetitions, in plots of 24 m². The doses of PDL (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 Mg ha-1) were tested, with or without fertilization with NPK (50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 10 kg ha-1 of K2O and 10 kg ha-1 of N). The organic fertilizer was applied broadcast at the planting of the pasture, and the mineral fertilizers were split and applied at planting and as topdressing. Dry mass, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were evaluated. PDL doses associated with mineral fertilization led to linear increases from 52 to 282% in the analyzed variables and better bromatological composition. PDL application is beneficial to the production of pastures, and increasing applications up to the PDL dose of 20 Mg ha-1 associated with mineral fertilization promoted better quantitative and qualitative results. With exclusive fertilization with PDL, the gains in quality and productivity were more modest.

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Growth and productivity of tomato under use of biostimulant and ages of seedling transplantation

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n4.a446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

Talles Victor Silva ◽

Hyrandir Cabral Melo ◽

Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽

Monita Fiori de Abreu Tarazi ◽

Luis Carlos Cunha Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Fruit Mass

The age of the seedlings in the transplant, as well as the use of biostimulants in their production, are factors that can influence the good quality of the seedlings, which is fundamental for the good development of the plant, and can affect the yield of the tomato crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant development and fruit yield according to the age of tomato seedlings, during transplantation, whether or not treated with the Stimulate® biostimulant. The hybrid H9553 was used, and the experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replications, and ten plants were evaluated, per plot. The factorial scheme 2 x 6 was adopted, where 2 corresponds to the use or not of Stimulate®, and 6 corresponds to the age of the seedlings, in the transplant. Before transplantation, the height of the seedling, length of the root, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and the root were evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after sowing. At 78 days after transplantation, the length of the main stem, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, total fruit mass per plant and average fruit mass were evaluated. Seedlings with seventy days show superior results for the morphological characteristics, however, this does not interfere in the yield of the culture. The use of Stimulate®, alone or in interaction with the age of the seedlings, does not influence plant growth or fruit yield.

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Soybean oversowing with Urochloa brizantha and Panicum maximum and the straw formation in a no-tillage system

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1209 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1209

Author(s):

Núbia Maria Correia ◽

Leonardo José Petean Gomes

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Development Stage ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Set Up ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the soybean oversowing with braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) and colonião (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) and the capacity of these forage crops to produce dry mass during the fall-winter-spring period. Two experiments, one for each forage species, were conducted in field conditions in the 2011/2012 season and were repeated in 2012/2013. The experimental set-up was arranged in a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 2 x 5 factorial. The soybean oversowing was studied in the development stages R6 and R8 (2011/2012) or R5 and R8 (2012/2013) with braquiarão or colonião grass in five seed amounts (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 points of cultural value – PCV = seeds amount x culture value). In both seasons, the braquiarão oversowing at soybean stages R5 and R6 resulted in higher dry mass production, when compared to stage R8. Additionally, the amount of 600 seeds PCV was sufficient to obtain an excellent percentage of soil cover (>95%), in addition to the satisfactory number of plants per m2 and the dry mass production. On the other hand, independent of the soybean development stage in the oversowing moment, colonião was not promising for use in this sowing type because its low stand and irregular soil covering, even at the higher seed amounts.

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Malpighia emaginata D.C. Growth in Several Substrates and Salt Waters

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n8p352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽

Ivando Comandante Macedo Silva ◽

Israel Almeida Da Silva ◽

Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽

Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Compounds ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Salt Waters

The acerola tree is one of the most promising fruit trees of the Brazilian fruit sector, demanding the development of studies that indicate the proper conditions to improve its production under adverse conditions. Consequently, our purpose was to evaluate the growth of Malpighia emaginata D.C in several substrates and under ascending levels of irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme randomized block design, which comprised four substrates (S1 = soil; S2 = soil with a 10% addition of cattle manure; S3 = soil with a 10% addition of organic compounds; and S4 - soil with a 5% addition of cattle manure and a 5% addition of organic compounds) and five CEa salt levels (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1). The plant height and stem diameter variables were not affected by the studied factors. The interaction between salinity and the substrates affected the root growth and the build-up of the plants’ fresh and dry biomass, resulting in the increase of the values obtained by the substrates containing manure and organic compounds. The seedlings’ quality, represented by the height/stem diameter and aerial part/root dry mass ratios, and by the Dickson quality index, indicated that the plants produced in the substrates 2 and 3 were more vigorous.

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Doses of bokashi in the growth of two basil cultivars

Agronomy Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.33158/asb.r113.v6.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Roberto Takane ◽

Cyro Fragoso Silva ◽

Jessica Soares Pereira ◽

Christian Morimasa Takemura ◽

Talita Angélica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Randomized Block Design

The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of use, as well as to determine adequate doses in organic fertilization of the bokashi type in the cultivation of two basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars. Seeds from the collection of the Floriculture Laboratory of the Phytotechnics Department of the Federal University of Ceará were used. The treatments used were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD), arranged in a 2x5 factorial scheme, consisting of two cultivars of basil (Genovese and Anão) and five doses of Bokashi, namely: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 18 g.L-1. Plants that received no dose (0 g.L-1) served as a control treatment. Each treatment contained 5 repetitions, with the plot consisting of 7 pots, one plant per pot, the useful unit a pot with a basil seedling. From the transplant, applications of bokashi were started in doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 18 g.L-1 in both cultivars. Both applications were performed every 20 days after the first application of Bokashi. Fivety five days after transplantation in the final pot, the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and the root. The 9 g.L-1 dose of Bokashi showed the best results for the variables analyzed for both cultivars, in addition to being efficient when compared to the control, in which the vegetative growth was incipient.

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Morphogenic and structural characteristics and chemical composition of grass aruana, submitted to nitrogen fertilization

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 3167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alice Mariana Hupp Sacramento ◽

Olga Cedro de Menezes ◽

Tarcísio Marques Barros ◽

Diego Novais Pinheiro ◽

Soraya Maria Palma Luz Jaeger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Leaf Appearance

This study aimed at evaluating the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana, as well as its chemical composition after submitting it to different nitrogen levels. The experiment was performed by adopting a randomized block design which included four treatments (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 of N) and three replications, in 100 m2 plots. Twice a week, for the 63 days of regrowth, the morphogenic characteristics were determined and estimated, after which the chemical composition was assessed. The aruana grass revealed a quadratic and positive response to the nitrogen fertilization, and showed a remarkable rise in the elongation rates, leaf appearance and senescence, besides the number of live leaves per tiller and final leaf length. However, the nitrogen fertilization reduced the phyllochron and leaf life in the aruana grass, implying the direct effect of nitrogen on the flow of tissues. A quadratic and positive effect of the nitrogen fertilization was observed for the dry mass production, from 5,840.80 kg ha-1 for plants lacking the nitrogen fertilization to 8,862.55 kg ha-1 for those fertilized with 225 kg ha-1 of N. Thus, while the nitrogen fertilization positively affected both tillering and morphogenesis, the N doses used in this study were insufficient to induce any change in the chemical composition of the aruana grass.

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CONTENDER AND AMARELO JAPONÊS CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REPLACEMENTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n415rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 986-994

Author(s):

JANAINA BORGES DE AZEVEDO FRANÇA ◽

FREDERICO ANTONIO LOUREIRO SOARES ◽

NEI PEIXOTO ◽

MUZA DO CARMO VIEIRA ◽

ANDERSON DIAS VAZ DE SOUZA

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

The Other ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

State University ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Mean ◽

Fresh And Dry Mass

ABSTRACT The use of cultivars appropriate to the soil and climate characteristics of a region provides farmers with security by facilitating credit for crop financing and improving product prices in local commerce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of “Contender” and “Amarelo Japonês” green bean bush cultivars grown in the Cerrado in terms of water replenishment (RH) of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of evaporation using the Piché evaporimeter. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Goiás, on the Ipameri Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block design. Sowing was done in May 2017, with treatments distributed in a split-plots scheme with water replenishment in plots and cultivar subplots with 3 replications. The analyzed variables were: height; stem diameter; leaf number; leaf area; number of inflorescences; number of flowers; fresh and dry mass of the plant; number, length, diameter, fresh and dry mass of the pods. The different water replenishment rates increased the mean plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of bean seeds per pod, and number of bean seeds per plant in the cultivars “Amarelo Japonês” and “Contender.” Water replenishment of 125% produced higher development and better agronomic performance in the two cultivars than the other rates.

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Emergence Rate and Initial Growth of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) in Relation to Seeds Sizes

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n5p454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 454

Author(s):

Fábio Oseias dos Reis Silva ◽

José Darlan Ramos ◽

Ranieri Reis Laredo ◽

Verônica Andrade dos Santos ◽

Nathalia Vallery Tostes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Large Size ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Shoot Mass

The fruit plant ‘Longan’ is considered as being native to Asia and is at present commercially explored in some regions. The objective of this work was to study the influence of seed size on seed emergence and initial seedling growth. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design (DBC), with three treatments, namely, the seed sizes at seedling emergence according to their longitudinal diameter: small, medium and large. Each plot was composed of six seeds and five replications per treatment. The following characteristics were evaluated: emergence speed index, average time, percentage and relative frequency of emergence, leaf number, stem diameter, plant height, shoot dry mass and root dry mass. Seeds of medium and large size are those that presented satisfactory results for the characteristics related to seed emergence. The same ones stood out in relation to the small seeds for the variables percentage, average time, average speed and emergence speed index. Small seeds are not recommended for the production of ‘Longan’ seedlings, given the long period of time to emerge and the low probability of the seedlings establishing satisfactorily in the field. The medium and large seeds were the most promising for the variables number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, dry shoot mass and dry root mass.Therefore, according to the conditions in which the present work was conducted, the use of medium and large seeds for the production of ‘Longan’ seedlings is suggested.

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Effect of gibberellic acid and the biostimulant stimulate® on the initial growth of tamarind

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/s0100-29452012000100004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Vello Loyola Dantas ◽

João Mariano de Oliveira Queiroz ◽

Elvis Lima Vieira ◽

Vanessa de Oliveira Almeida

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design

Plant growth regulators and biostimulants have been used as an agronomic technique to optimize the production of seedlings in various crops. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gibberellic acid and the biostimulant Stimulate® on the initial growth of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). The experiments were conducted in a nursery with 50% shading, in a randomized block design with five replications and five plants per plot. Thirty eight days after sowing, the leaves were sprayed seven times a day with 0.0 (control), 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 mL of gibberellic acid L-1 aqueous solution and with 0.0 (control), 6.0,12.0, 18.0, and 24.0 mL Stimulate® L-1 aqueous solution. Stem diameter (SD), plant height (PH), longest root length (LRL), shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM) and RDM:SDM ratio were evaluated ninety days after sowing. Variance and regression analysis showed that GA3 at 4% promoted plant growth (height), but had no significant effect on stem diameter, longest root length, shoot and root dry mass and the RDM:SDM ratio. On the other hand, all concentrations of Stimulate® significantly increased plant height and shoot and root dry mass of tamarind seedlings.

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Efficient Microorganisms Applied to the Soil and in Cover on the Quinoa Crop

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v40i530376 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Amanda Cecato Favorito ◽

Edleusa Pereira Seidel ◽

Daniela da Rocha Hermann ◽

Patrícia Aparecida Favorito ◽

Renan Pan

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Root Volume ◽

Soil Application ◽

Randomized Block Design

The present study had as objective to know the effects of the natural fertilizer, from a biological compound of Efficient Microorganisms (EM-4), applied to the soil and in cover of quinoa, over its phytotechnics properties and its production. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a totally randomized block design, in a factorial scheme 4x2+1 with three replicates. The first factor constituted of four doses of EM (3, 6, 9 and 12%) applied to the soil before sowing, the second factor was the application or not of the compound via foliar. The additional treatment was considered a control treatment without any application of EM. It was evaluated plant height, inflorescence height, stem diameter, inflorescence diameter, root length, root volume, root dry mass and production. The results indicate that the use of Efficient Microorganisms (EMs) increases the production in 40% independent of the dose applied, when compared to the control. The foliar or soil application of EM-4 did not influence in the production components and in the production of quinoa.

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