scholarly journals Animal Performance with and without Supplements in Mombaça Guinea Grass Pastures during Dry Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itânia Maria Medeiros de Araújo ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Rodrigo Da Costa Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Energy Supplementation

The objectives were to: 1) evaluate the potential of the animal performance on Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça (mombaça guinea grass) pasture during dry season, and 2) determine the effects of protein or protein-energy supplementation on liveweight gain of steers grazing guinea grass pasture. A complete randomized block design was employed with three treatments and three replicates. Treatments included non-supplemented animals (NS) and animals supplemented with protein (PS) or protein-energy (PES), provided at 0.15% or 0.6% of body weight for 115 days, during dry period. We used 36 weaned calves from initial bodyweigh (LW) of 192 kg (±5 kg) on nine plots of mombaça guinea grass (1.25 ha each). Each month, animals were weighed and pastures sampled to estimate forage characteristics. The average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P = 0.0001) for cattle fed supplement than for cattle fed no supplement (250 g steer-1), and greater for protein-energy supplement (770 g steer-1) than for protein supplement (460 g steer-1). Mombaça guinea grass pastures with 45 cm height at the end of the wet season have enough forage mass for maintenance throughout the dry season about 1.4 AU ha-1 (AU = 450 kg BW), and reasonable nutritive value (average of 8,1% of crude protein and 55,3% of in vitro organic matter digestibility) to provide small gains. Considering the nutritive value of Mombaça guinea grass during the dry period, protein and energy supplementation is required for weaned calves to optimize their performance.

scholarly journals Animal performance and sward characteristics of Mombaça guineagrass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane A.F. Alvarenga ◽  
Valéria P.B. Euclides ◽  
Denise B. Montagner ◽  
André F. Sbrissia ◽  
Rodrigo A. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this work was to compare grazing management practices of Mombaça guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) based on the sward incident light interception (LI) concept. We tested, when the regrowth period in rotationally stocked Mombaça guineagrass ended, if LI (90 or 95%) affected forage accumulation, sward characteristics and animal performance. Both treatments had a common post-grazing canopy height of 50 cm and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Pastures were sampled pre- and post-grazing to determine forage mass, morphological composition and forage accumulation rate (FAR). Nutritive value (NV) was estimated in pre-grazing samples. Stocking rate was adjusted twice a week, and animals were weighed every 28 days. Pre-grazing conditions of 90 and 95% LI were reached at pasture heights of approximately 80 and 90 cm, respectively. FAR, sward structure and NV were similar for pastures grazed at 90 and 95% LI. Consequently, stocking rate, average daily gain and liveweight gain/ha were similar for both LI treatments. Data suggest that Mombaça guineagrass can be grazed at pre-grazing heights of 80–90 cm (90–95% LI) without compromising pasture structure and animal performance provided moderate defoliation severity is employed. Further testing of this grazing strategy over longer periods should be carried out with this species as well as other tropical grasses.

scholarly journals Effect of frequency of protein energy supplementation on the performance of Nelore steers during the dry season

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernandes Montes ◽  
Milton Ghedini Cardoso ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽  
Adilson de Paula Almeida Aguiar ◽  
Joana Resende Paglis Brunoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Energy Supplementation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the frequency of provision of protein energy supplementation on pasture during the dry period of the year on the performance of Nelore steers in rearing phase. FAZU teaching school conducted the experiment from July to September 2017. Twenty-two animals of the Nelore breed, aged 12 months and mean initial weight of 232.22 (± 20) kg, modules of 2 ha each, subdivided in six paddocks of Panicum maximum cultivars Mombaça and Tanzânia. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. There was no significant difference between the three frequencies of supply of energy protein supplementation, in relation to the average daily weight gain, which were 837; 881 and 855g, at the frequencies of 7; 5 and 3 times per week, respectively. However, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) for the mean daily weight gain between the treatment in which the animals received mineral supplementation (434g), which was lower than the treatments in which the animals were fed with protein energy supplement at the level of 0.25% of body weight. In conclusion, during the period and in the evaluation conditions of this experiment, there was no difference in the effect of the frequency of supply of a protein energy supplement in the supply level of 0.25% of the animals' body weight. The average daily gain was higher for the animals that received the protein energy supplement compared to those supplemented with mineral. Five times a week supplementation obtained the best economic benefit among the evaluated frequencies.

scholarly journals PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Felipe A Nascimento ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
Luciana M Sousa ◽  
Ivanna M Oliveira ◽  
Flávio D Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P &lt; 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P &lt; 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P &gt;0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P &lt; 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P &lt; 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

scholarly journals 145 Stocker gains on diverse summer annual pastures

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Kelly Mercier ◽  
Chris Teutsch ◽  
Ray Smith ◽  
Eric Vanzant ◽  
Kenny Burdine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Forage Utilization

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if increasing forage botanical diversity improved stocker gains on warm-season annual (WSA) pastures. An opportunity exists to add extra gain on fall-born calves by grazing summer pastures after spring weaning and selling at a more favorable late summer market. However, cool-season perennial pastures in the Mid-South often have insufficient quality and yield to support desired summer gains. Therefore, the improved production and nutritive value of WSA forages shows promise in this system. A study was conducted near Princeton, KY, where calves (329, 366, and 297 kg in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively) grazed one of three WSA forage treatments without supplementation in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included 1) sorghum-sudangrass monoculture (MONO), 2) simple mixture (SIMPLE = sorghum-sudangrass, pearl millet, soybean), and 3) complex mixture (COMPLEX = SIMPLE + sudangrass, corn, crabgrass, cowpea, sunflower, sunn hemp, daikon radish, forage rape, Korean lespedeza). In 2017, MONO and SIMPLE calves had higher average daily gain (ADG) than COMPLEX calves (0.79 kg/day vs. 0.66 kg/day, P &lt; 0.03). In 2018, no differences in ADG were detected among treatments (P &gt; 0.3); however, calves only gained 0.01 kg/day. In 2019, MONO and SIMPLE calves again had higher ADG than COMPLEX calves (0.59 kg/day vs. 0.43 kg/day, P &lt; 0.03). The exceptionally low 2018 ADG was likely due to the higher nutritional demand of heavier calves and the lower nutritive value of mature forages compared to other years. In conclusion, complex WSA forage mixtures did not offer any improvement in animal performance, and proper management of all WSA forages (maintaining a vegetative state) is paramount to achieving adequate gains on stockers without supplementation; however, supplementation may be necessary to improve WSA forage utilization in the rumen, potentially leading to more favorable gains.

The nutritive value ofPanicum maximum(guinea grass). III. Factors affecting voluntary intake by cattle and water buffaloes

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
A. L. Ordoveza ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Guinea Grass

SummaryDry-matter intake (D.M.I.) fromPanicum maximum(guinea grass) was studied in digestibility trials with Holstein and water buffalo bulls and in a feeding trial with lactating cows.Differences in voluntary D.M.I. per unit body weight0·73between the Holsteins and water buffaloes were not significant. Average D.M.I. for all bulls in all main trials was 2·16 kg per 100 kg B.W. Average D.M.I. by the lactating cows was 2·08 kg per 100 kg B.W., for all practical purposes the same as for the bulls.D.M.I. was not related to stage of maturity or season of harvest of the guinea grass. Intakes of digestible protein, T.D.N., and digestible energy in different seasons and at different growth stages were related to the percentage of those nutrients in the grass.Correlation coefficients were 0·68 between D.M.I. and B.W.0·73, 0·59 between D.M.I. and T.D.N. content, and 0·58 between D.M.I. and crude protein content, D.M.I. was not closely related to dry-matter content (r= 0·30) or crude fibre content (r= 0–01) of the guinea grass.

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

scholarly journals Growth promotion of Guinea grass by diazotrophic bacteria1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Passos Silva ◽  
Gian Otávio Alves Silva ◽  
Tayla Évellin Oliveira ◽  
Adauton Vilela Rezende ◽  
Ligiane Aparecida Florentino
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Guinea Grass

ABSTRACT The Panicum maximum species (cv. Mombaça) is a forage plant well adapted to the different edaphoclimatic conditions found in Brazil; however, it requires high nitrogen fertilizer doses to ensure high yields. The present study aimed to assess the inoculation effect with associative diazotrophic bacteria strains on the yield and bromatological characteristics of the Guinea grass. A randomized block design was used, consisting of 25 treatments, being 23 of them inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and two without inoculation (one with and the other without mineral nitrogen), with four repetitions. The analyzed variables were stem diameter; leaf width and length; leaf, stem and root dry mass yield; crude protein; acid and neutral detergent fibers. There were no differences among the treatments for root dry mass, stem diameter and acid detergent fiber. For the remaining variables, a positive effect of the inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria was observed, particularly for the following Unifenas strains: 100-06, 100-13, 100-26, 100-30, 10-35, 100-54, 100-69, 100-71 and 100-94. This reveals the potential of these bacterial strains for use at the sustainable production of the Guinea grass with a reduction in the use of nitrogen inputs.

Replacement of a protein–energy supplement by a same-cost maize-based supplement on performance and product quality of pasture-finished Nellore heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (15) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Laura Cristina Souza Castro ◽  
Wellington da Costa de Campos ◽  
Ivanna Moraes de Oliveira ◽  
Rodolfo Maciel Fernandes ◽  
Matheus Henrique Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total Digestible Nutrient

Context In the largest beef-producing countries in the world, the slaughter of female cows accounts for ~30–40% of all beef produced. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of a protein–energy supplement (PES) by a same-cost maize-based supplement (MBS) on the performance and final product of Nellore heifers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture during the wet season in Brazil. Methods Ninety-six Nellore heifers of bodyweight (BW) 281 ± 7.55 kg and aged 23 months were used. Six were slaughtered at the start of the experiment. The remaining 90 heifers received one of the following three supplements with their predominantly pasture diet for 133 days: control, mineral salt ad libitum; PES, with protein 250 g/kg dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrient 600 g/kg DM, offered at 3 g/kg BW.day (as-fed basis); MBS, with crude protein 90 g/kg DM and total digestible nutrient 850 g/kg DM, offered at 7 g/kg BW.day (as-fed basis). The variables were evaluated in a completely randomised block design with 30 heifers per treatment. Key results Average daily gain and final BW were similar (P &gt; 0.05) in PES and MBS treatments, and relative to the control increased (P &lt; 0.01) average daily gain by ~24% and final BW by 7%. Pasture intakes were decreased, with substitution levels of 8.0% for heifers receiving PES and 10.4% for those receiving MBS. Carcass weight (kg/day) and carcass gain (g carcass/kg BW) were greater (P &lt; 0.001) for heifers receiving MBS and PES than for the control group. Backfat depth was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in heifers receiving MBS (7.91 mm) than in those receiving PES (6.25 mm), and the lowest (P &lt; 0.001) measurement was observed in the control group (4.85 mm). Conclusions Maize-based supplement (7 g/kg BW.day) provided the same growth rate as PES (3 g/kg BW.day) but yielded heavier and slightly fatter carcasses of pasture-finished Nellore heifers during the wet season (133 days) with a similar cost, and with more total digestible nutrients than pasture plus mineral salt. Implications Maize-based supplement provided to Nellore heifers on pasture may improve performance despite lower pasture intakes but needs to be evaluated carefully in terms of costs involved.

PSIII-10 The effect of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live animal performance and carcass characteristics of fed beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 286-286
Author(s):  
Lauren M Mayer ◽  
Kevin Martens ◽  
Loni W Lucherk ◽  
Ty E Lawrence ◽  
Travis C Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Liver Abscesses

Abstract Heifers (n = 1,394; 291 ± 9.9 kg) were used to test the effects of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live growth performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were blocked by arrival day and randomly allocated to treatment (0 or 2g/animal/d; CON and 10-G, respectively) in a randomized complete block design with ten pens per treatment. Heifers were fed for an average of 192 days. Growth and carcass outcomes were analyzed using mixed models with pen as experimental unit and block as random effect. Dry matter intake (P = 0.63), average daily gain (P = 0.69), gain:feed (P = 0.95) and final body weight (P = 0.79) did not differ between treatments. Neither deads and removals (P = 0.52) nor first or second treatment morbidity rates (P ≥ 0.84) were different between treatments. Hot carcass weight (P = 0.19), dressed carcass yield (P = 0.33), 12th rib fat depth (P = 0.73), ribeye area (P = 0.13), calculated empty body fat (P = 0.71) or marbling score (P = 0.20) were not different between treatments. Yield grade distributions did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.44), however cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.09; 15.78 vs 20.34%) to be represented by fewer USDA Select carcasses. Livers from cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.10; 1.02 vs 2.19%) to have a lower frequency of abscesses when compared to CON. Heifers fed 10-G also had fewer (P &lt; 0.05; 5.27 vs 8.51%) severe liver abscesses. These results suggest that supplementing fed beef heifers with 10-G decreased rates of severe liver abscesses without altering live animal performance or carcass characteristics.

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