scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potentials of Cynodon dactylon on Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils from Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
L. Shuaibu ◽  
U. Abdullahi ◽  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
J. I. Bungudu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the phytoremediation potentials of Cynodon dactylon in heavy metal contaminated soils of Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 100 samples comprising of 50 soils and 50 plant parts of C. dactylon were evaluated for the presence of heavy metals by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Extent of heavy metal soil contamination and phytoremediation potentials of the study plant were assessed by the use of metal contamination factor (Cf) for soil; Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for the plant sample respectively. From the results, levels (mg/kg) of the metals in the C. dactylon from contaminated and control sites were found to be in the sequence of Fe (442.60) > Cu (138.35) > Zn (133.53) > Cd (61.50) > Pb (42.47) > Mn (28.40) > Ni (18.40) > Cr (17.73) and Fe (88.60) > Zn (38.18) > Cu (33.60) > Ni (13.70) > Mn (12.67) > Pb (6.07) > Cd (5.60) > Cr (5.03) respectively. The contamination factor values Cf, (mg/kg) of all the metals in the soils were found to be in the sequence of Cd (10.73) > Cu (5.64) > Cr (3.07) > Pb (2.98) > Ni (2.17) > Zn (2.09) > Mn (2.00) > Fe (1.72). The results showed that the soils are highly contaminated with Cd, considerably contaminated with Cu and Cr, and moderately contaminated with Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb. The bioaccumulation and translocation factor values (BAF>1 and TF<1) for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn suggest accumulation in roots and qualify the plant as good candidate for phytostabilization. Moreover, the bioaccumulation and translocation factor values (BAF and TF>1) for the plant species were greater than 1 for Fe suggesting efficient accumulation in the shoot. However, C. dactylon could be recommended as good candidate for phytoextraction of Fe and phytostabilization of the study investigated metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in multi-metal contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Assessment of phytoremediation potential of Telfaira occidentalis in the removal of Cu, Cd, and Pb in contaminated soil along River Salanta

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
A.B. Umar ◽  
A.H. Dankaka ◽  
Mohammad Manjur Shah
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Bioaccumulation And Translocation Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Translocation Factors

A Field study was carried out to examine the phytoremediation potential of some plants metals (Cd, Cu and Pb) in contaminated soils along Sallanta river, Kano. A total of one hundred and eighty (100) samples comprising of 40 (soils), 20 (effluents), and 40 (plant parts) of T. 0ccidentalis were analyzed. 0.50g of the plant tissue and 1.0g of soil sample and 50mL of the effluent sample were digested using triacid digestion method and the levels of the metals were determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean levels of the metals in plants and soils from contaminated and control sites were found to be in the sequence of Cu (27.08±3.15)> Cd (24.57±8.25)>Pb (3.00±0.52) and Cu (10.10±2.50)> Cd (2.80±0.05)>Pb (2.00±0.63) respectively. The contamination factor (CF) of all the metals in the plants were found to be in the sequence of Cd (8.35±1.53)> Cu (2.52±1.20)>Pb (1.50±0.21). The results showed that these plants can be used for the phytoextraction of the metals from contaminated soils. The values of bioaccumulation and translocation factors were also found to be more than one in almost all cases. From these results it could be recommended that the three plants investigated would be ideal for phytoremediation in multi-metal contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Heavy metal composition of maize and tomato grown on contaminated soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
A.O. Adekiya ◽  
A.P. Oloruntoba ◽  
S.O. Ojeniyi ◽  
B.S. Ewulo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract The study investigated the level of heavy metal contamination in plants {maize (Zea mays) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)} from thirty soil samples of three locations (Epe, Igun and Ijana) in the Ilesha gold mining area, Osun State, Nigeria. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spatial variations were observed for all metals across the locations which was adduced to pH and the clay contents of the soils of each location. The results showed that heavy metals are more concentrated in the areas that are closer to the mining site and the concentrations in soil and plants (maize and tomato) decreased with increasing perpendicular distance from the mining site, indicating that the gold mine was the main sources of pollution. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in plants (tomato and maize) samples were considered to be contaminated as As, Cd and Pb respectively ranged from 0.6 - 2.04 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 5.2 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 3.04 mg kg-1 for tomato and respectively 0.60 - 2.00 mg kg-1, 1.50 - 4.60 mg kg-1 and 0.90 - 2.50 mg kg-1 for maize. These levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for vegetables. In conclusion, monitoring of crops for toxic heavy metals is essential for food safety in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd) on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Pinus halepensis Seedlings in North Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Claudio Cameselle ◽  
Susana Gouveia ◽  
Abdenbi Zine El Abidine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
High Concentrations

The pollution of soils by heavy metals resulting from mining activities is one of the major environmental problems in North Africa. Mycorrhizoremediation using mycorrhizal fungi and adapted plant species is emerging as one of the most innovative methods to remediate heavy metal pollution. This study aims to assess the growth and the nutritional status of ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd for possible integration in the restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis seedlings were grown in uncontaminated (control) and contaminated soils for 12 months. Growth, mineral nutrition, and heavy metal content were assessed. Results showed that ectomycorrhizae significantly improved shoot and roots dry masses of P. halepensis seedlings, as well as nitrogen shoot content. The absorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd was much higher in the roots than in the shoots, and significantly more pronounced in ectomycorrhizal seedlings—especially for Zn and Cd. The presence of ectomycorrhizae significantly reduced the translocation factor of Zn and Cd and bioaccumulation factor of Pb and Cd, which enhanced the phytostabilizing potential of P. halepensis seedlings. These results support the use of ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.

scholarly journals Accumulation and Translocation of Toxic Elements From Contaminated Soils, Nigeria: Implications for Phytomining and Hazards to Humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eneojo G Ameh ◽  
Samuel M Kolawole ◽  
Sunday O Idakwo ◽  
Ile O Ojonimi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Bioaccumulation Coefficient ◽  
Permissible Levels

Abstract Soil pollution by heavy metals and their health effect on human are pressing issues of the environment caused by human activities. Plant’s accumulation and translocation potentials were investigated to determine their suitability for phytoremedial purposes, their ability to serve as reservoir for recovery of additional economic amount of metals and the potential of the edibles/vegetables to cause harm to humans when consumed. The plant and soil samples were collected, prepared, digested in acid mixture of H2O2 and HNO3 for plants and Li2B4O7 - LiBO2 for soils and were analysed. The analyses were carried out to determine the concentration of these metals in soil, their accumulation and translocation in plant parts. The data acquired were evaluated using bioconcentration (BCF), translocation factor (TF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), metal uptake efficiency (ME%) and hierarchical cluster analysis to determine hyperaccumulators, phytoextractors, phytostabilizers, metal source plants and metals that could be toxic to humans through intake of roots, grains/seeds, fruits and leaves as vegetables. ANOVA analysis revealed that the data were significant at p <0.05. Correlation and cluster analyses were employed to understand the relationships between variables determined. From this study, CA, COA and LA were hyperaccumulators of Co at various points. Arsenic has only phytostabilizers. COA and LA were phytostabilizers of Cd while Sida acuta was the only phytoextractor. Chromium, Co and Cd have prospect of being phytomined from some of the plants. Vegetables/edibles values in shoots and leaves were above permissible levels for Cr, Co and Cd. The metal uptake efficacy (%) were in this order Co (28.99 to 89.08) > Cd (21.74 to 50.96) >Cr (22.90 to 49.06) > and As (9.65 to 39.19).

scholarly journals The environmental risk of storing vehicles over the soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cleyton Nascimento Makara ◽  
Larissa Kummer ◽  
Maurici Luzia Charnevski Del Monego
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Random Surface ◽  
Surface Distribution

Automotive vehicles are a potential source of heavy metal contamination of the soil due to their lead-acid batteries and the use of metals in their structure and paint pigments. Understanding the characteristics of heavy metal soil contamination and identifying their environmental exposure provides important information for making decisions regarding remediation of contaminated soils. The objective of the present work was to evaluate metal contamination (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu e Cr) in 35 soil samples (fraction<2 mm). The samples were collected from two unpaved/unsealed storage areas used by the Highway Patrol (Polícia Rodoviária Federal - PRF) for storing apprehended vehicles, one located in Araucária (AR) and one Colombo (CL), in the metropolitan region of Curitiba/PR, Brazil. Assays were performed to determine organic carbon (OC) and pH. For analysis of metals, the samples were prepared by acid digestion (method EPA 3050-B) and measured by ICP-OES. The results were evaluated according to Resolution CONAMA 420, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF) and Pearson correlation analysis. The textural composition of the soil at AR and CL reflect a high degree of heterogeneity and distinct chemical and physical characteristics. The AR site had a higher level of sand and a more acidic pH than CL, and concentrations of the analyzed elements between prevention and investigation values according to Resolution CONAMA 420/2009. The CL site had a higher concentration of clay and OC, and a less acidic pH than AR. Only one collected point at CL had a concentration of Cu above the prevention value. In both AR and CL, the element Cd was below detectability with methodology employed. The spatial distribution of the cars associated with the soil texture and the analyzed elements exhibited a random surface distribution of elements. The OC content, soil pH and texture associated with Igeo, CF and Pearson correlation suggests that both environments suffer an input of metals at different points. The input of heavy metals from stored vehicles and the possible anthropogenic impact on the soil is evident.

scholarly journals The Phytoextraction of Copper from Tropical Soil 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy-Metal Containing Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Silva ◽  
Septi Nurul Aini ◽  
Henrie Buchari ◽  
Abdul Kadir Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lettuce Plant ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Plant Parts

Several particular plants are suggested to extract significant parts of heavy metals from soils and accumulate them in their roots and shoots.  This research aimed to study the phytoextraction of Cu by several plants from heavy-metal contaminated tropical soils.  Soil samples collected from plots treated in 1998 with 0, 15 and 60 Mg industrial waste ha-1 were planted with three different plants, i.e., caisim, water spinach, and lettuce.   Plant parts (roots and shoots) and soil samples were harvested after a four-week growth period and analyzed for plant and soil Cu.  The results show that the growth of plants was depressed by the increase in the soil Cu (extracted by 1 N HNO3) as affected by waste levels, with water spinach being the most progressive and produced the most significant biomass.  The absorption of Cu by caisim and water spinach increased with the soil extracted Cu (linear R2 = 0.71* for caisim and 0.32* for water spinach) and accumulated greater in plant roots than that in shoots. The translocation factor (TF << 1.00) indicates that all plants were good Cu phytostabilizators rather than phytoextractors, with water spinach being the best Cu extractor.

Accumulation and translocation of toxic elements from contaminated soils to plants, Nigeria: Implications for metal potential hazards to humans.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eneojo G Ameh ◽  
Samuel Kolawole ◽  
Sunday Idakwo ◽  
Theophilus Ojonimi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Bioaccumulation Coefficient ◽  
Permissible Levels

Abstract Soil pollution by heavy metals, their health effect on humans via the food chain are pressing issues of the environment caused by human activities. Plant’s accumulation and translocation potentials were investigated to determine their suitability for phytoremedial purposes, and the potential of the edibles/vegetables to cause harm to humans when consumed. Plant and soil samples were collected, prepared, digested in acid mixture of H2O2 and HNO3 for plants and Li2B4O7 − LiBO2 for soils and were analysed. These analyses were carried out to determine the concentration of these metals in soil, their accumulation and translocation in plant parts. The data acquired were evaluated using bioconcentration (BCF), translocation factor (TF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), metal uptake efficiency (ME%) and hierarchical cluster analysis to determine hyperaccumulators, phytoextractors, phytostabilizers, metal source plants and metals that could be toxic to humans through intake of roots, grains/seeds, fruits and leaves as vegetables. ANOVA analysis revealed that the data were significant at p < 0.05. Correlation and cluster analyses were employed to understand the relationships between variables determined. From this study, Colocasia asculenta (CA), Corchorus aestuans (COA) and Laportea aestuans (LA) were hyperaccumulators of Co at various points. Arsenic has phytostabilizer plants from the study. COA and LA were phytostabilizers of Cd while Sida acuta was the only phytoextractor. The concentration of metals in the vegetables/edibles in roots, shoots and leaves were above permissible levels for Cr, Co and Cd. The metal uptake efficacy (%) were in this order Co (28.99 to 89.08) > Cd (21.74 to 50.96) > Cr (22.90 to 49.06) > and As (9.65 to 39.19).

scholarly journals Cadmium and Lead Uptake by Ryegrass, Lettuce and White Mustard Plants on Different Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
T. Németh ◽  
Zs. Kiss ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Concentration Interval ◽  
Test Plants

The pot experiment - carried out in 2000 under greenhouse conditions - was set up with seven soils differing in Cd and Pb contents and three test plants ( Lolium perenne L. cv. Georgikon), lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Balatonzöld) and white mustard ( Sinapis alba L. cv. Sirola) with four replicates. From the seven experimental soils five samples (S1-S5) were collected from agricultural areas (arable sites) and two (S6-S7) from spoil-earth, with extremely high Cd and Pb contents.  The pots, each containing 1 kg air-dry soil, were kept at constant soil moisture (60% of maximum water capacity of the experimental soils) by daily watering, while pots were watered to weight once weekly. Before sowing the test plants: 50-50-50 mg N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O was applied to the experimental soils to maintain the same nutrient supply. The above-soil plant parts were cut after four weeks. Fresh and dry weights of plants were determined after harvest. The aim of the experiment was to obtain results of Cd and Pb uptake by different plant species in relation to the heavy metal content and different characteristics of soils. The following conclusions were drawn: No definite correlation was found between the biomass production of the three test plants and the heavy metal content of the soils at early growth stage. The heavy metal concentration range in the soils and plants differed. In the case of Pb the soil concentration interval was broader than that of the plants'. The opposite was observed for Cd, where the plants had a wider concentration interval. Comparing the Pb and Cd concentrations of above-ground plant parts, Pb concentrations varied in a narrower interval. The maximum values of Pb content exceeded the Cd content levels, although the mobility of Pb in the soil-plant system is significantly lower. The comparison of Cd and Pb concentrations of plants and soils proved these differences. The Cd concentration of plants was 8-231% of the total Cd content of soils. The Pb concentration of plants was the 0.8-28% of the total Pb content of the soils, respectively. Comparing the three plants in respect of Cd concentrations the order found was as follows: ryegrass < white mustard < lettuce. In case of Pb, the order depended on the Pb content level (lower or higher) of the experimental soil. Symptoms of phytotoxicity were observed only on lettuce plants grown on the contaminated soils (S6, S7).

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Chromolaena odorata Collected Around Gemstone Mining Site in Ijero-Ekiti

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Efe Sylvanus Abiya ◽  
Foluso Akinbode Ologundudu ◽  
Ekpo Wisdom
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
And Control

In Nigeria, like many developing nations, the resultant effect of land degradation: aggravated soil erosion, flood disasters, salinization or alkalisation, and the desertification have been a major public health concern for the past decades, however this study highlighted some of the factors that leads to the menace of soil fertility. The study was conducted at a gemstone mining site in Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm top soil and 0-30 cm subsoil. A line transect of 20 cm was drawn and soil sample was collected, all samples were kept in a clean container and labeled accordingly before been transported to the laboratory for analysis. The plant samples were thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove dust and other particles, air dried in a dust free wire meshed cage. All data obtained from this research were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result obtained in this study indicated that the levels of heavy metal concentration tested were still within the permissible limit in the root and shoot of Chromolaena odorata between the mine and control site. The implication of this is that Chromolaena odorata is safe for human and animal consumption. The said plant can readily undergo photosynthetic activity to aid growth by exploiting the presence of these metals either as a macro-nutrient or micro-nutrient as seen from the Translocation Factor and Metal Transfer Factor. The study concludes that soil at Ijero-Ekiti mine site were slightly acidic soil pH, reduced organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and averagely elevated heavy metal contents.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Heavy Metal Ions by Eichhornia Crassipes from Battery Industry Effluent under the Influence of Cattle Manure

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5997-6004
Author(s):  
Dinesh kumar Myilsamy ◽  
Sivalingam Angamuthu ◽  
Thirumarimurugan Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Industry Effluent

Phytoremediation, an emerging technology which uses plants to remove contaminants of concern (COC) such as organic and inorganic compounds especially heavy metals (HM). The present study focuses on assessing the toxicity of heavy metals available in effluents discharged from industries and the accumulation ability of an aquatic plant, Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). Phytoremedial potential of E. Crassipes and HM interaction between soil and water were evaluated in the present study under the presence of cow dung manure as an enhancer. Heterogenous accumulation of metal ions were found in the plant. Heavy metal concentration in plant parts were varied for roots and shoots. The concentration of HM ions in the plant parts were varied from root to shoot. Value of translocation factor (TF) was found to be in the region 0.5 – 0.8, with Fe has low (0.51) and Pb has high (0.77), bioconcentration factor (BCF) were in the order of Ar > Ca > Zn > Fe > Pb at both roots and shoots. Transposition factor (TrF) of all HM ions were >1.5 except for Zn (1.21). E. Crassipes was found to accumulate a large amount of HM ions and could be used for efficient treatment of contaminated water.

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