scholarly journals The Phytoextraction of Copper from Tropical Soil 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy-Metal Containing Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Silva ◽  
Septi Nurul Aini ◽  
Henrie Buchari ◽  
Abdul Kadir Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lettuce Plant ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Plant Parts

Several particular plants are suggested to extract significant parts of heavy metals from soils and accumulate them in their roots and shoots.  This research aimed to study the phytoextraction of Cu by several plants from heavy-metal contaminated tropical soils.  Soil samples collected from plots treated in 1998 with 0, 15 and 60 Mg industrial waste ha-1 were planted with three different plants, i.e., caisim, water spinach, and lettuce.   Plant parts (roots and shoots) and soil samples were harvested after a four-week growth period and analyzed for plant and soil Cu.  The results show that the growth of plants was depressed by the increase in the soil Cu (extracted by 1 N HNO3) as affected by waste levels, with water spinach being the most progressive and produced the most significant biomass.  The absorption of Cu by caisim and water spinach increased with the soil extracted Cu (linear R2 = 0.71* for caisim and 0.32* for water spinach) and accumulated greater in plant roots than that in shoots. The translocation factor (TF << 1.00) indicates that all plants were good Cu phytostabilizators rather than phytoextractors, with water spinach being the best Cu extractor.

scholarly journals The use of N HNO3 to determine copper and zinc levels in heavy-metal polluted tropical soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
A K Salam ◽  
M Milanti ◽  
G Silva ◽  
F Rachman ◽  
I M T D Santa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Chemical Extractants ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Zinc Levels

Abstract This study compared N HNO3 to other methods to determine plant available heavy metals in heavy-metal polluted soils. Soil samples were obtained from an experimental field treated with industrial waste after 22 years of the amendment and employed to conduct the comparative and correlation study. Soil samples were analyzed for Cu using various methods, planted in a glass house with several plants, and analyzed for soil and plant Cu and Zn. The relative strength of the chemical extractants followed the order of N HNO3 ≈ N HCl > Buffered DTPA ≈ Unbuffered DTPA > M CaCl2 ≈ N NH4OAc pH 7. A high correlation was observed for soil extracted Cu by M CaCl2 or N NH4OAc pH 7 or N HCl vs. Buffered DTPA and N HNO3 or N NH4OAc pH 7 vs. N HCl. High correlations of plant and soil Cu extracted by N HNO3 were shown by caisim, water spinach, land spinach, and corn, while plant and soil Zn were shown by caisim, water spinach, land spinach, and lettuce.

Studies in tropical soils: IV. Organic transformations in soils, composts and peat

1937 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Organic Decomposition

1. Waksman's simplified scheme of fractionation was used in attempts to trace the organic transformations occurring in some tropical samples of composts, soils and peats.2. It was found that a useful partition of the nitrogenous substances into hydrolysable and resistant fractions could be effected by boiling with 5 per cent sulphuric acid for 6 hours.3. Two profile layers of a black calcareous Trinidadian clay soil were compared with two horizons of a prairie soil examined by Waksman & Stevens. The surface layers of both soils were found to be similar in chemical characters, but the lower subsoil layers of the Trinidadian soil gave evidence of a more advanced and profound degree of organic decomposition.4. Serial soil samples, taken from eight undisturbed natural profiles representative of humid tropical soil types occurring in Jamaica and Trinidad, were similarly examined.

The Arthropod Population of the Soil in some East African Pastures

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Salt
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
East African ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Earthworm Population

A method is described for the extraction of arthropods from soil.Eleven soil samples from pastures in the neighbourhood of Moshi, Tanganyika, and at Kawanda, Uganda, yielded collections representing a population of 54,565 arthropods per sq. metre in the top 6 ins. of soil or, if three samples are adjusted in conformity with biological indications, of 38,417 per sq. metre.Nine soil samples from coffee and cassava plantations and from fallow ground gave collections representing a population of 24,423 arthropods per sq. metre in the top 12 ins. (in some cases 8 ins.) of soil.Twenty-five soil samples from a pasture near Cambridge, examined in a strictly comparable manner, gave collections representing a population of 90,238 arthropods per sq. metre in the top 6 ins. of soil.It appears that the arthropod population in the uppermost 6 ins. of East African pasture soil is much smaller than, and only about half as large as, that in an English pasture.The causes and consequences of the smaller arthropod population of tropical soil are briefly discussed, and a connection is suggested between the meagre arthropod (and earthworm) population and the large amount of ligneolis material found in the soil samples examined, This connection may also bear on the paucity of humus in some tropical soils.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potentials of Cynodon dactylon on Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils from Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
L. Shuaibu ◽  
U. Abdullahi ◽  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
J. I. Bungudu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the phytoremediation potentials of Cynodon dactylon in heavy metal contaminated soils of Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 100 samples comprising of 50 soils and 50 plant parts of C. dactylon were evaluated for the presence of heavy metals by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Extent of heavy metal soil contamination and phytoremediation potentials of the study plant were assessed by the use of metal contamination factor (Cf) for soil; Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for the plant sample respectively. From the results, levels (mg/kg) of the metals in the C. dactylon from contaminated and control sites were found to be in the sequence of Fe (442.60) > Cu (138.35) > Zn (133.53) > Cd (61.50) > Pb (42.47) > Mn (28.40) > Ni (18.40) > Cr (17.73) and Fe (88.60) > Zn (38.18) > Cu (33.60) > Ni (13.70) > Mn (12.67) > Pb (6.07) > Cd (5.60) > Cr (5.03) respectively. The contamination factor values Cf, (mg/kg) of all the metals in the soils were found to be in the sequence of Cd (10.73) > Cu (5.64) > Cr (3.07) > Pb (2.98) > Ni (2.17) > Zn (2.09) > Mn (2.00) > Fe (1.72). The results showed that the soils are highly contaminated with Cd, considerably contaminated with Cu and Cr, and moderately contaminated with Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb. The bioaccumulation and translocation factor values (BAF>1 and TF<1) for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn suggest accumulation in roots and qualify the plant as good candidate for phytostabilization. Moreover, the bioaccumulation and translocation factor values (BAF and TF>1) for the plant species were greater than 1 for Fe suggesting efficient accumulation in the shoot. However, C. dactylon could be recommended as good candidate for phytoextraction of Fe and phytostabilization of the study investigated metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in multi-metal contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Translokasi Timbal (Pb) pada Tanaman Kangkung (Ipomea reptans) dan Bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Dengan Penambahan Pupuk ZA Berbeda Dosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Rubiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Anis Rosyidah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Spinach Plant ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Control Water

Lead (Pb) is the heavy metal that causes the most pollution in the environment. This study was conducted to compare the ability of water spinach and spinach plants to absorb lead due to the administration of various doses of ZA as a heavy metal suppressor on polluted land. This research is a pot experiment using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor is the type of plant (Kangkung and Spinach). The second factor was the dose of ZA fertilizer  (0; 1.19; 2.38 3.57; 4.76 g / pot). The variables observed included growth, plant yield, and Pb concentration in plants. The results showed that the growth of kale plants increased with the increasing dose of ZA application up to 2.38 g / pot. Increasing the dose gave an insignificant increase in growth (P <0.05), likewise in spinach plants. However, higher doses caused a significant reduction in the number of spinach leaves (P <0.05). The fresh weight of kale roots and shoots significantly increased by an average of 50.74% and 36.57% compared to the control. While the spinach plant experienced an increase in the average root and shoot fresh weight significantly by 50.76% and 53.10% compared to the control. Water spinach plants accumulated more Pb in the crown with an average Translocation Factor (TF) value of 1.09. Meanwhile, spinach plants accumulated more Pb in their roots with an average TF value of 0.75. These results suggest that the application of ZA increases the Pb uptake of plant hyperaccumulators from vegetables. However, spinach is safer to eat because heavy metals are accumulated in the roots. Keywords: Phyitoremediation, Lead, water spinach, spinach, ZA, Translocation.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Tropical Soils an Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Beatriz E. Guerra Sierra ◽  
Jaider Muñoz Guerrero ◽  
Serge Sokolski
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
General Overview

The geomorphological characteristics of the materials inherent in tropical soils, in addition to the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, industrial waste and residues, and novel pollutants derived from emerging new technologies such as nanomaterials, affect the functionality and resilience of the soil-microorganism-plant ecosystem; impacting phytoremediation processes and increasing the risk of heavy metal transfer into the food chain. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of phytoremediation in tropical soils, placing special emphasis on the factors that affect this process, such as nanoagrochemicals, and highlighting the value of biodiversity among plant species that have the potential to grow and develop in soils impacted by heavy metals, as a useful resource upon which to base further research.

scholarly journals The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Abdul Kadir Salam ◽  
Asri Foresta Pakpahan ◽  
Galih Susilowati ◽  
Niko Fernando ◽  
Nanik Sriyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Compost Soil ◽  
Cu And Zn

This research aimed to evaluate the residual Cu and Zn in tropical soil over 21 years after amendment with industrial waste, lime, and compost. Soil samples were collected from a well-maintained experimental field amended one time with industrial waste high in Cu and Zn set in 1998 at about 1.5–20 years after amendment. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with a metal-wares industrial waste at rates 0, 15, and 60 Mg·ha−1, lime at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1, and compost at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1. Soil samples were also taken vertically in the exact plot centers at depths of 0–75 cm of plots not amended with lime and compost and also from topsoils (0–15 cm) at 90 points with distances 50 cm between each other in each of the respective plots 21 years after amendment. Significant increases in Cu and Zn caused by waste were observed over 21 years. The increase in soil pH by lime was observed over 10 years but its effect in decreasing Cu and Zn was observed only at 1.5 years, particularly in topsoils. However, the effect of lime in lowering Cu and Zn was observed over 20 years when waste and/or compost were also given. Similarly, the effect of compost was absent over 20 years but significant when waste and/or lime were also given. The relative concentration of Cu and Zn in the 60 Mg waste ha−1 plots decreased over 20 years to 17–53% for Cu and to 12–33% for Zn; their concentrations were, in general, lower with lime and/or compost addition. The relative concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased over 21 years in plots with 15 or 60 Mg·ha−1 and increased in the control plots. Heavy metals moved in soil significantly through soil tillage and erosion and partially by leaching.

scholarly journals Tropical Soil Labile Fractions of Copper in the Experimental Plots ±Ten Years after Application of Copper-Containing-Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Kadir Salam ◽  
Kiat Ginanjar
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Labile Fraction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Leaf Compost ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Compost Soil ◽  
Experimental Plots

Copper is reported to be retained in soils for a quite long time particularly in soil treated with some amendments.  This research was intended to evaluate the soil labile fractions of Cu ±10 years after application of Cu-containing industrial waste, lime, and cassava-leaf compost.  Soil samples were taken from topsoils and subsoils of ±10 years old experimental plots set up in 1998 and factorially treated with a metal-spoon industrial waste at 0, 15, and 60 Mg ha-1, lime at 0 and 5 Mg ha-1, and cassava-leaf compost at 0 and 5 Mg ha-1.  The measured Cu labile fractions were compared to those in soils sampled at ±1.5 years and ±3 years after treatments. The results showed that the soil Cu labile fractions in waste treated soils were higher than those in the control treatments eventhough their concentrations decreased with the years of sampling.  Lime showed a decreasing effect on soil labile Cu fractions, but the effect decreased with the years of sampling. The effect of cassava-leaf compost application on soil Cu labile fraction was in general not evidenced ±10 years after treatment.  

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Using Some Selected Leguminous Crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. I. Ameh ◽  
H. O. Nwamba ◽  
V. S. Njom ◽  
E. C. Ofordile
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Cd Translocation

The phytoremediation of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper and lead) using Phaseolus vulgaris and Arachis hypogaea were investigated using standard techniques. Heavy metal polluted soil samples were collected from Crush Rock Industries Ishiagu, Ebonyi State and heavy metal free soil samples (used as control) were obtained from Ebonyi State Ministry of Agriculture, Ishiagu Station. The seeds of the two plants were collected from the Enugu State Ministry of Agriculture. The experimental setup consists of 4 contaminated potted soils each of P. vulgaris and A. hypogaea. Another 4 potted soils not contaminated with heavy metals served as control. Soil analysis was carried out prior to planting. The polluted soil sample had slightly acidic pH (pH was 6.34±0.29), higher Cation Exchange Capacity (21.80±0.33), higher Cd (25.18±0.34), Cr (10.20±0.21), Cu (28.54±0.49) and Pb (9.92±0.36) levels but lesser soil organic carbon (0.87±0.10). After the duration of 62 days the plants were harvested, their leaves and roots were digested and subjected to further experimental tests [determination of Metal concentration, transfer factor and bioaccumulation factor (BAF)]. A. hypogaea showed highest Cd translocation factor 1.63±0.08, TF<1 was observed in all the plants examined for Cr. A. hypogaea showed the highest BAF for Cd, (1.16±0.08). BAF<1 was observed for Cr and Cu in the two plants examined. The BAF of A. hypogaea was higher than that of P. vulgaris. Plants from the control showed zero to very minute concentration of heavy metals in their tissues. Although the study plants are food crops, they can also play a role in the phytoremediation of some heavy metals.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Heavy Metal Ions by Eichhornia Crassipes from Battery Industry Effluent under the Influence of Cattle Manure

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5997-6004
Author(s):  
Dinesh kumar Myilsamy ◽  
Sivalingam Angamuthu ◽  
Thirumarimurugan Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Industry Effluent

Phytoremediation, an emerging technology which uses plants to remove contaminants of concern (COC) such as organic and inorganic compounds especially heavy metals (HM). The present study focuses on assessing the toxicity of heavy metals available in effluents discharged from industries and the accumulation ability of an aquatic plant, Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). Phytoremedial potential of E. Crassipes and HM interaction between soil and water were evaluated in the present study under the presence of cow dung manure as an enhancer. Heterogenous accumulation of metal ions were found in the plant. Heavy metal concentration in plant parts were varied for roots and shoots. The concentration of HM ions in the plant parts were varied from root to shoot. Value of translocation factor (TF) was found to be in the region 0.5 – 0.8, with Fe has low (0.51) and Pb has high (0.77), bioconcentration factor (BCF) were in the order of Ar > Ca > Zn > Fe > Pb at both roots and shoots. Transposition factor (TrF) of all HM ions were >1.5 except for Zn (1.21). E. Crassipes was found to accumulate a large amount of HM ions and could be used for efficient treatment of contaminated water.

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