scholarly journals Assessment of Protein Quality of Complementary Food Made from Maize (Zea mays) Supplemented with Crayfish (Euastacus spp) and Carrot (Daucus carota) Using Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
N. M. Oly- Alawuba ◽  
A. I. Asouzu ◽  
P. N. Ani ◽  
C. G. U. Oluah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Protein Milk

Background: Assessment of protein quality is aimed at determining the ability of a protein to meet up with the needs for maintenance, growth, pregnancy and lactation. Objective: To evaluate the protein quality of complementary food made from local food blends using albino rats. Methods: Maize, carrot, crayfish, milk and other ingredients were purchased, processed and used for the study. The maize, crayfish and carrot flours were blended in the ratio of 100:0:0, 70:25:5, 70:20:10, 70:15:15, 70:10:20 and 70:5:25 respectively. The six diets provided 10% protein for six groups of rats. The diets were fed to forty (40) weanling albino rats in a 21-day growth period and 7-days Nitrogen balance study. Milk was used as control and Nitrogen free diet was used for the estimation of endogenous nitrogen. The result generated were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The result showed that over 70% of the nitrogen consumed by all the five groups of rats fed the mixed diets were absorbed and retained. Among the test diet groups, the 70:20:10 diet had the highest absorbed nitrogen (2.10 g), retained nitrogen (2.00 g), biological value (80%) and net protein utilization (77%) which was significantly different from the other groups. The 70:20:10 diet had the highest Total digestibility (94%), highest food intake (230g), weight gain (52.10%) and PER (2.7) that were comparable with the reference protein (milk) at (p>0.05). The mineral metabolism of all the rats fed the test diets were absorbed and retained. Conclusion: The study revealed that complementary food of high protein quality and nutrient dense can be produced from blends of maize, carrot and crayfish. All the complementary food made from blends of maize, carrot and crayfish blend were of higher nutrient quality than the popular homemade complementary food made of maize alone. It is imperative that blends of local foods stuffs should be used as complementary food instead of only cereal in order to improve the nutritional status of a growing child and also curb prevalence of protein energy malnutrition that is common among under five.

Nutritional quality of quality protein maize-based supplementary foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Maseta ◽  
T.C. Mosha ◽  
Cornelio Nyaruhucha ◽  
Henry Laswai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Purpose Child undernutrition is a persistent problem in Africa, especially in areas where the poor largely depend on starchy staples with limited access to diverse diets. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein quality, growth and rehabilitating potential of composite foods made from quality protein maize. Design/methodology/approach Four composite diets were prepared from quality protein maize, namely quality protein maize-soybeans; quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas; quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize alone. A fifth diet was prepared from common maize alone. The control diet (Chesta®) was made from maize, soybeans, fish, bone and blood meal. The formulations were made to meet the greatest amino acid score and the desired amount of energy and fat according to the FAO/WHO (1985) recommendation for pre-school children. Albino rats were used in evaluating the protein quality of the formulations. Findings The food intake was significantly different (p < 0.05) among diets; with a trend of intake decreasing from quality protein maize-based to conventional maize alone diets (apart from the control diet). Protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the experimental diets. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) was 80 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas), 87 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans), 103 per cent (common maize alone), 98 per cent (quality protein maize), 80 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans) and 53 per cent (control). Research limitations/implications Two diets, namely quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas, showed the greatest potential to support growth and rehabilitation of undernourished rats. Human trial is proposed to validate the findings. Originality/value Despite adoption of quality protein maize in several parts of the country, there are no studies that have been done to determine the potential of quality protein maize to support optimal growth and rehabilitation of undernourished children. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the protein quality, growth and rehabilitating potential of composite foods made from quality protein maize.

scholarly journals Protein Uptake and Utilization of Moringa olifera Leaves and Seeds Fed to Rats as a Dietary Supplement

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
A. I. Asouzu ◽  
J. I. Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Reference Protein

Background/Objective: Protein malnutrition is detrimental at any point in life. Protein malnutrition prenatally has also been shown to have significant lifelong effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein uptake and utilization of Moringa olifera leaves and seeds fed to rats as a dietary supplement. Materials and Methods: The leaves and seeds were harvested from the forest. The leaves were washed, drained and divided into three portions. The first portion was processed raw, the sun and shade dried samples were the second and third portion. The seeds were cracked and divided into six portions. The other five portions were fermented for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h respectively. The blends of the shade dried leaves (SHDL) and 69 h fermented seed (FMS) provided 10% protein for two groups of rats. The diets were fed to twenty (20) adult albino rats in a 12-day N and mineral balance study. Casein was used as control. The result generated were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The result showed that over 70% of the nitrogen consumed by all the two groups of rats fed the test diets were absorbed and retained. Among the test diet group, the FMS diet had the highest absorbed nitrogen (0.94 g), retained nitrogen (0.55 g), biological value (76%) and net protein utilization (52%) which was significantly different from the other groups. The SHDL had the most digested nitrogen (94%), highest maintenance food intake (74.09%) and weight gain (34.28%) that were comparable with the reference protein casein at (p>0.05). The FMS group had the highest liver, small intestine and lung weight.  The mineral metabolism of all the rats fed the test diets were absorbed and retained. Conclusion: Generally, both the leaves and the seeds of Moringa olifera have good nutrient profile which could promote growth, they should be consumed to diversify diet and reduced micronutrient deficiency.

scholarly journals Rat Bioassay for Evaluation of Protein Quality of Soy-Fortified Complementary Foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah H. Kamau ◽  
Charlotte A. Serrem ◽  
Florence W. Wamunga
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Protein Free Diet

Compositing complementary flours with legumes of high protein quality such as soy can be effective in abating Protein Energy Malnutrition. Soy-fortified complementary flours were developed using locally available foods from Western Kenya and used to determine the fortification effect on protein nutritional quality, growth, and rehabilitation. Ten isonitrogenous diets containing 10% protein and one containing 20% protein were formulated from six foods; maize, pearl millet, finger millet, sorghum, cassava, and banana at ratios of 70:30 flour and soy with milk powder as control and fed to weanling male albino rats. Another group was fed on a protein free diet. Banana: Soy diet had significantly superior protein nutritional quality while Maize: soy had 70% Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score. True Protein Digestibility of the fortified diets lay within the acceptable margin for cereal: bean mixtures. Fortification with soy improved protein quality indices of flours in rats, and by extrapolation could support growth of young children if used as complementary foods. 

Protein quality assessment of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (wangenh.) K. Koch] and pine (Pinus gerardiana wall.) nuts for dietary supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beenu Tanwar ◽  
Rajni Modgil ◽  
Ankit Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the protein (biological) quality of pecan and pine nuts supplemented diets in male Wistar albino rats. Design/methodology/approach A randomized and controlled study (45 d) was conducted in male Wistar albino rats (n = 60) comprising six groups, namely, control (Cc), control with 1% cholesterol (CC1), Pecan group (Pe), Pecan group supplemented with 1% cholesterol (Pi1), Pine group supplemented with 1% cholesterol (Pi1). Protein quality of supplemented diet/s was assessed in terms of various biological indices. Findings Pe and Pi groups exhibited normal growth when compared with Cc. Despite showing higher feed and protein intake, Pe and Pi groups exhibited significantly (P = 0.023) lower weight gain than Cc. There was no significant difference between the protein efficiency ratio (3.8 ± 0.2 and 3.7 ± 0.2), apparent protein digestibility (81.5 ± 2.2 and 80.5 ± 2%), true protein digestibility (90.6 ± 1.1 and 88.5 ± 3.5%) and biological value (BV) (75.6 ± 0.9 and 72.6 ± 0.9%) of Pe and Pi groups, respectively. Pe group presented considerably higher net protein utilization (68.5 ± 1.4 vs 64.4 ± 0.8%) and protein retention efficiency (34.8 ± 1.1 vs 31.2 ± 1.3%) than Pi group. Overall, pecan-based diet displayed superior biological quality over pine nut. Antinutrients present in the nuts did not show any major negative effect on the growth, digestibility and bioavailability of the nutrients in rats. BV ranging from 72.6% to 75.6% suggested a satisfactory quality of experimental nut-based diets. Research limitations/implications Further investigation of pecan and pine nuts consumption to examine the potential benefits and associated mechanisms of action is warranted which would aid in a better understanding and to establish nutritional recommendations. Originality/value Overall, the exploitation of pecan and pine nut flours for the development of value-added food products is favorable from a nutritional point of view.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of formulated complementary diet from defatted almond seed, yellow maize and quality protein maize flours

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Raymond Adesanmi ◽  
Sunday Abiodun Malomo ◽  
Tayo Nathaniel Fagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Complementary Diet

Abstract Traditional complementary foods are mainly starchy foods with limiting nutrient quality and can be fortified using protein rich crops like almond seed. This research thus aimed at investigating the nutritional quality of the formulated complementary diet from locally available almond seeds (Prunus amygdalus), high quality protein (QPM) and yellow maize after blending into flours. The proximate and amino acid compositions, in vitro protein qualities and functional properties of the blended flours were determined using standard methods. The in vivo studies involved feeding the weanling Wister albino rats with blended flours and commercial Cerelac (control), followed by hematological and histopathological determinations, while sensory attributes were evaluated by the semi-trained panelists. The protein contents of the flour blends (24–28%) were significantly (p < 0.05) better with adequate indispensable amino acids and improved functionalities than commercial cerelac (23%). Comparatively, the dried germinated QPM (DGQPM) has significant (p < 0.05) higher biological value (~ 37%) than fermented high QPM (FHQPM) (~ 30%), thereby indicating that the germination process improved protein quality of the diets. Besides, the in vivo data showed a positive effect of germination process as the rats fed with DGQPM has low white blood cells (30 × 102) compared to FHQPM (42 × 102) and cerelac (51 × 102). However, the fermentation process improved the packed cell volume of rats fed with FHQPM (49%) when compared to DGQPM and cerelac (47%). The formulated diets have no negative effects on the protein content (45.19–51.88 mg N/g) and weight (0.25–1.36 g) of the internal organs (liver, kidney and tissue) of the animals when compared to cerelac (53.72–55.04 mg N/g; 0.25–1.98 g), respectively. The panelists generally accepted all the formulated diets, hence encouraging their utilization in the global preparation of complimentary foods for young children to meet their nutritional needs and adding value to the locally produced underutilized almond seeds.

scholarly journals Protein intake adequacy among Nigerian infants, children, adolescents and women and protein quality of commonly consumed foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith de Vries-ten Have ◽  
Adedotun Owolabi ◽  
Jan Steijns ◽  
Urszula Kudla ◽  
Alida Melse-Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Staple Foods

AbstractProtein is important for growth, maintenance and protection of the body. Both adequacy of protein quantity and protein quality in the diet are important to guarantee obtaining all the essential amino acids. Protein–energy malnutrition is widely present in developing countries such as Nigeria and might result in stunting and wasting. Needs for protein differ depending on age and physiological status and are higher during growth, pregnancy and lactation. The present review assessed protein quantity and quality in diets of Nigerian infants, children, adolescents, and pregnant and lactating women. Literature reviews and calculations were performed to assess adequacy of Nigerian protein intake and to examine the Nigerian diet. The digestible indispensable amino acid score was used to calculate protein quality of nine Nigerian staple foods and of a mixture of foods. The Nigerian population had mostly adequate protein intake when compared with the most recent protein recommendations by the FAO (2013) and WHO/FAO/UNU (2007). An important exception was the protein intake of adolescent girls and pregnant and lactating women. Most of the assessed Nigerian plant-based staple foods were of low protein quality and predominantly lacked the amino acid lysine. The addition of animal-source foods can bridge the protein quality gap created by predominance of plant-based foods in the Nigerian diet. The methodology of this review can be applied to other low- and middle-income countries where diets are often plant-based and lack variety, which might influence protein intake adequacy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Changes in Protein Quality of High-Pressure Treated Aqueous Aquafaba

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Fatemah B. Alsalman ◽  
Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Cooking Water

Chickpea cooking water (CCW), known as aquafaba, has potential as a replacement for egg whites due to its emulsion and foaming properties which come from the proteins and starch that leach out from chickpeas into the cooking water. High pressure (HP) processing has the ability to modify the functional characteristics of proteins. It is hypothesized that HP processing could favorably affect the functional properties of CCW proteins by influencing their structure. The objective of this study to evaluate the effect of HP treatment on the associated secondary structure, emulsion properties and thermal characteristics of CCW proteins. A central composite rotatable design is used with pressure level (227–573 MPa) and treatment time (6–24 min) as HP variables, and concentration of freeze dried CCW aquafaba powder (11–29%) as product variable, and compared to untreated CCW powder. HP improves aquafaba emulsion properties compared to control sample. HP reduces protein aggregates by 33.3%, while β-sheets decreases by 4.2–87.6% in which both correlated to increasing protein digestibility. α-helices drops by 50%. It affects the intensity of some HP treated samples, but not the trend of bands in most of them. HP treatment decreases Td and enthalpy because of increasing the degree of denaturation.

scholarly journals Are Dietary Amino Acids or Protein Quality Associated with Infant Length Gain from 6 to 12 Months in Rural Malawi? (P10-010-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Matchado ◽  
Kathryn Dewey ◽  
Christine Stewart ◽  
Per Ashorn ◽  
Ulla Ashorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Length Gain

Abstract Objectives 1) to estimate the probability of inadequate amino acid intake among infants 9–10 months of age in rural Malawi 2) to evaluate whether dietary amino acid intake or protein quality are associated with length gain from 6 to 12 months of age Methods We assessed total amino acid intake from breast milk and complementary foods in 285 infants. Breast milk intake and complementary foods were estimated using dose-to-mother deuterium oxide dilution method and repeat 4-pass interactive 24-hour recall interviews, respectively. Amino acid composition values were taken from FAO human milk profile, Tanzania Food Composition table and International Minilist. Protein quality was estimated using Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS). Probability of intake below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for each amino acid was estimated using National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. We estimated protein quality of complementary food using median DIAAS. We assumed a DIAAS of ≥0.75 to represent a diet or food with good protein quality. Relationships between amino acid intake or protein quality with length gain were assessed using regression models. Length was measured at 6 and 12 months of age and length for age z-score (LAZ) velocity was calculated (ΔLAZ/months). Results The probability of inadequate amino acid intake from breast milk and complementary food that included a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) was 3% for lysine, 0% for tryptophan, threonine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, sulfur containing amino acids (SAA), and aromatic amino acids (AAA). Without LNS, the probability was 7% for lysine and 0–2% for the other amino acids. The median (interquartile range) DIAAS for complementary food with and without LNS was 0.70 (0.28) and 0.64 (0.32), respectively. Dietary amino acid intake and protein quality were not significantly associated with length gain velocity from 6 to 12 months even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions The prevalence of inadequate amino acid intake in 9–10 months old infants in rural Malawi is very low. However, in conditions of frequent clinical or sub-clinical infections this situation may be different. Linear growth at 6–12 months does not appear to be limited by dietary amino acid intake or protein quality in this setting. Funding Sources The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document