scholarly journals Nutritional quality of formulated complementary diet from defatted almond seed, yellow maize and quality protein maize flours

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Raymond Adesanmi ◽  
Sunday Abiodun Malomo ◽  
Tayo Nathaniel Fagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Complementary Diet

Abstract Traditional complementary foods are mainly starchy foods with limiting nutrient quality and can be fortified using protein rich crops like almond seed. This research thus aimed at investigating the nutritional quality of the formulated complementary diet from locally available almond seeds (Prunus amygdalus), high quality protein (QPM) and yellow maize after blending into flours. The proximate and amino acid compositions, in vitro protein qualities and functional properties of the blended flours were determined using standard methods. The in vivo studies involved feeding the weanling Wister albino rats with blended flours and commercial Cerelac (control), followed by hematological and histopathological determinations, while sensory attributes were evaluated by the semi-trained panelists. The protein contents of the flour blends (24–28%) were significantly (p < 0.05) better with adequate indispensable amino acids and improved functionalities than commercial cerelac (23%). Comparatively, the dried germinated QPM (DGQPM) has significant (p < 0.05) higher biological value (~ 37%) than fermented high QPM (FHQPM) (~ 30%), thereby indicating that the germination process improved protein quality of the diets. Besides, the in vivo data showed a positive effect of germination process as the rats fed with DGQPM has low white blood cells (30 × 102) compared to FHQPM (42 × 102) and cerelac (51 × 102). However, the fermentation process improved the packed cell volume of rats fed with FHQPM (49%) when compared to DGQPM and cerelac (47%). The formulated diets have no negative effects on the protein content (45.19–51.88 mg N/g) and weight (0.25–1.36 g) of the internal organs (liver, kidney and tissue) of the animals when compared to cerelac (53.72–55.04 mg N/g; 0.25–1.98 g), respectively. The panelists generally accepted all the formulated diets, hence encouraging their utilization in the global preparation of complimentary foods for young children to meet their nutritional needs and adding value to the locally produced underutilized almond seeds.

scholarly journals Production and Evaluation of Nutritional Contents of Traditional Couscous from Sprouted Wheat Fortified with Glycine max (L.) merr (Soya Bean) and Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Raihanatu MB ◽  
Falmata AS ◽  
Bintu BP ◽  
Maryam BK ◽  
Hadiza Ahmed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

The study was carried to process, produce, and evaluate nutritional contents of traditional couscous from sprouted wheat (Triticum aestivum), fortified with Soya bean (Glycine max) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seeds. The composite couscous blends were traditionally produced and compared with commercial couscous. The sprouted wheat couscous blends were blended in different ratios, they include; unprocessed (Raw wheat, 100), blend 1 (sprouted wheat mixed with soya bean and pumpkin seeds, 70:20:10), blend 2 (sprouted wheat mixed with soya bean, 60:40) and blend 3 (sprouted wheat mixed with pumpkin seeds, 60:40). Traditional wheat couscous blends were fed to experimental albino rats of wister strain weighing between (35 g and 45 g) for a period of 28 days. The nutritional and physiochemical analysis were determined using standard laboratory methods. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0 was used to analyze the data collected which were expressed as means ± SE. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range tests were used to compare the means obtained after each experiment. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Processing (Sprouting) decreases the levels of anti-nutrients, mineral elements and vitamins. Supplementation with soya bean and pumpkin seeds increased the nutritional composition of the sprouted wheat couscous blends. Results of chemical composition showed that blend 2, recorded high protein (29.95%), fat (8.95%) and low carbohydrate content (49.56%), followed by blend 1 and then blend 3, while commercial couscous crude protein, fat and carbohydrate were 12.53%, 1.42% and 75.10% respectively. There was improved level of in vitro protein digestibility at 1 hour (76.64% to 98.59%) and at 6 hours (96.80% to 99.33%). Results of in vivo studies showed that raw wheat couscous recorded protein quality when compared with spouted wheat couscous blends produced. The biological values of the composite couscous blends range from 95.04% to 95.73% and blend 2, recorded high net protein utilization (98.57%). In terms of sensory evaluation using hedonic method, blend 2 was most acceptable and differ significantly (p < 0.05) with other sprouted wheat couscous blends and commercial couscous. The cost of producing sprouted wheat couscous blends is cheaper than the commercial couscous. The study has therefore, revealed that with proper selection of locally available cereal, it is possible to produce nutritious complementary couscous blends that would be acceptable and nutritionally adequate to meet up the nutritional requirement for both children and adults. It also compares favourably with the commercial couscous in terms of nutrient contents.

scholarly journals Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Dakheel ◽  
Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽  
Jessica Quijada ◽  
Martin J Woodward ◽  
Caroline Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

scholarly journals Development of a Phototoxicity Testing Strategy for Accurate Photosafety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals Based on the Assessment of Possible Melanin-Binding Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Jelle Reinen ◽  
Pieter van Sas ◽  
Ton van Huygevoort ◽  
Leticia Rubio ◽  
Kevin Scase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Damage ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Melanin Binding

Drug-induced phototoxicity occurs when drugs absorb natural sunlight, leading to chemical reactions causing cellular damage. Distribution to light-exposed tissues is critical and is enhanced by binding to melanin. The International Council on Harmonization S10 guidance document on photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals states that although nonpigmented skin tends to be more sensitive than pigmented skin, pigmented skin models should be considered for drugs that bind significantly to melanin. In this study, an in vitro melanin-binding assay was evaluated as prescreening tool for animal model selection. Binding of various structurally diverse phototoxic drugs to synthetic melanin was investigated in vitro and the high-affinity binder sparfloxacin (SPX), moderate-affinity binder 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), and low-affinity binder pirfenidone (PIF) were selected for in vivo studies. Pigmented Brown Norway (BN) rats were compared with nonpigmented Wistar Albino rats to evaluate their sensitivity for the assessment of phototoxicity and skin concentrations of the drugs were measured. For SPX, the onset of phototoxic symptoms was faster for BN rats and drug concentrations were significantly higher in skin of BN rats. For 8-MOP, both models showed comparable sensitivity and skin concentrations did not differ. For the low-affinity binder PIF, no phototoxic effects were observed and skin concentrations in both models were similar. A combined in vitro/in vivo approach was developed that can be applied for accurate photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals based on the assessment of possible melanin-binding effects. In view of the presented data, the pigmented model could be considered for compounds showing a high-affinity binding capacity in vitro.

RAPESEED OIL MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE AND RATS: I. RATE OF GAIN, EFFICIENCY OF FOOD UTILIZATION, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND THYROID ACTIVITY

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hussar ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Cent Level

Diets containing 0, 2 or 10 per cent expeller extracted Argentine type rapeseed oil meal were fed to swine from 3 weeks of age to market weight averaging 195 lb., and to albino rats from 3 weeks to 6 months of age. The 10 per cent level of the meal depressed the rate of liveweight gain and in some cases reduced efficiency of food utilization in both species. Food consumption was not adversely influenced by the levels of meal used in these diets. Total weight, histological sectioning and I131 turnover rate of the thyroid gland indicated hypertrophy and other abnormalities of the gland in the animals fed 10 per cent meal. The 2 per cent level of meal did not exert consistent effects on the criteria measured. Female rats were more susceptible than males to the effects of the meal on rate of gain, but ovariectomy of females appeared to reduce this susceptibility. The nutritional quality of the diet fed to rats tended to alter the response to toxicity of the meal. Swine carcass characteristics were not markedly affected by rapeseed oil meal in the ration.

scholarly journals Sprouted Grains: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Beatrice Falcinelli ◽  
Stanley Lutts ◽  
Fabio Stagnari ◽  
Angelica Galieni
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

In the last decade, there has been an increase in the use of sprouted grains in human diet and a parallel increase in the scientific literature dealing with their nutritional traits and phytochemical contents. This review examines the physiological and biochemical changes during the germination process, and the effects on final sprout composition in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients and bioactive compounds. The main factors affecting sprout composition are taken into consideration: genotype, environmental conditions experimented by the mother plant, germination conditions. In particular, the review deepens the recent knowledge on the possible elicitation factors useful for increasing the phytochemical contents. Microbiological risks and post-harvest technologies are also evaluated, and a brief summary is given of some important in vivo studies matching with the use of grain sprouts in the diet. All the species belonging to Poaceae (Gramineae) family as well as pseudocereals species are included.

scholarly journals Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway for Developing Therapies for Hair Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Intracellular Targets ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

Persistent hair loss is a major cause of psychological distress and compromised quality of life in millions of people worldwide. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of hair loss and identifying valid intracellular targets for designing effective therapies for hair loss treatment. Whereas a variety of growth factors and signaling pathways have been implicated in hair cycling process, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a central role in hair follicle regeneration. Several plant-derived chemicals have been reported to promote hair growth by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in various in vitro and in vivo studies. This mini-review sheds light on the role of Wnt/β-catenin in promoting hair growth and the current progress in designing hair loss therapies by targeting this signaling pathway.

Protein Quality of Four Peanut Cultivars Grown at Two Locations

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Josephine Miller ◽  
Timothy H. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
A Value ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Four cultivars of peanuts (Florigiant, Florunner, Starr and Tamnut) grown at two locations (Lewiston, North Carolina (NC) and Stephenville, Texas (TX)) in the National Regional Variety Trials were evaluated for protein nutritional quality. Peanuts, blanched with a minimum of heat treatment and partially defatted on a Carver press, were extracted with hexane at room temperature. Rats were fed these peanut meals to provide 10% of dietary protein (N × 6.25). PER was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to protein consumed for the 28-day feeding period. Adjusted PER values of the 8 peanut meals ranged from 1.3 to 1.7 compared to a value of 2.5 for the casein control diet. No statistically significant differences existed in PER among the 4 cultivars grown in NC. Florunner and Tamnut produced in TX had lower PER values than Florigiant and Starr grown at the same location. Florigiant, Florunner, and Tamnut grown in NC had lower PER values than the same varieties from TX. Rats were fed diets with Florunner peanut meal supplemented with methionine, lysine, and threonine, singly and in all combinations, for 7-day periods. Differences in protein quality between NC and TX-produced peanuts were overcome by addition of methionine to the diets. When all three amino acids were added, peanut meal from both locations supported growth of young rats equal to that of casein.

The long and winding road in drug development: Learnings from on-going development of IEPA for chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24134-e24134
Author(s):  
Dirk Pleimes ◽  
Michael Meyer ◽  
Maciej Czajkowski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Product ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Higher Doses

e24134 Background: An orally bioavailable small molecule IEPA (Imidazolyl Ethanamide Pentandioic Acid) is under development as treatment for chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM) since 2013. A clinical phase 2a study in epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (CP) treated breast cancer patients demonstrated efficacy of prophylactic (5d pre-CTX) IEPA (100 mg ≈ 1.7 mg/kg/d) in the first but not the second batch of the drug product. After causality due to manufacturing was systematically excluded, the R&D team reassessed the development path and reinitiated non-clinical in vivo studies for efficacy optimization investigating a) the mode of action under different challenge (chemotherapy (CTX); radiation (RX)) b) treatment starting point c) dose d) frequency and e) route of administration to improve reproducibility of efficacy. Methods: The first study assessed hematological recovery over 19 days in mice receiving CTX and treated prophylactically (5 d pre-CTX) or therapeutically (1 h pre-CTX or 24 h post-CTX) with oral IEPA (100 mg/kg, Human Equivalent Dose (HED): 8 mg/kg) either once or twice daily. The second study investigated survival (LD25/30 and 50/30) and hematology in mice exposed to RX in prophylactically (3 d pre-RX) or therapeutically (24 h post-RX) IEPA (50 mg/kg/d) once vs. twice daily, oral vs. intraperitoneal (IP). Results: In mice exposed to CTX (200 mg/kg CP), both prophylactic and therapeutic IEPA treatment accelerated recovery of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes. The time to recovery of white blood cells to the baseline was reduced from 16.8 days to 5.5 days after therapeutic use of IEPA. Dose, treatment start and frequency showed comparable efficacy. In mice exposed to RX (6 Gy, LD50/30), therapeutic IEPA treatment improved survival by 30% (86% IEPA vs. 56% in control). Additionally, accelerated recovery of bone marrow cellularity and reduced body weight loss was observed. Higher doses increased efficacy, while frequency and route of administration of IEPA had limited impact. Conclusions: Two in vivo studies in mice reconfirmed IEPA’s safety and efficacy against both RX-induced mortality and CTX- and RX-induced myelosuppression. While once vs. twice daily and oral vs. IP produced no or only minor improvements, higher doses and therapeutics treatment starting 24 h post-exposure demonstrated reproducible efficacy. Results indicate that increasing the dose to up to 8 mg/kg (based on HED conversion) and starting treatment 24 h post-CTX may improve efficacy in future clinical trials.

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