scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Changing Scenario of Growth and Structure of Manufacturing Industries in Asansol-Durgapur Region, West Bengal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gosai Maji ◽  
Uma Shankar Malik
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Basic Metal ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Industrial Units

Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Region serves as nerve-knot of the economy of West Bengal as well as the entire economic region of Eastern India because of its enormous reservoir of excellent quality of coal of Raniganj Coalfield, outstanding network of transport by rail and road, skillful and cheap labour in close proximity of states. With the establishment of a number of large industrial units like Iron & Steel Plant, Durgapur Steel Plant, Chittaranjan Locomotive works, Durgapur Alloy Steel Plant, Durgapur Thermal Power Station, and hundreds of medium and small-scale industries have made the region great industrial belt after Hooghly industrial belt in West Bengal. Though there was rapid industrialization after independence period but the growth of industries has not taken place uniformly throughout the study area. This is because, high manufacturing intensity found in Durgapur, Asansol, Raniganj and Kulti areas whereas the Salanpur, Jamuria, Fraidpur, Barabani areas witnesses low manufacturing intensity. The decadal growth of industries also noteworthy, in 1951 there were 46 industrial units and it increased to 430 in 2019. The number of basic metal and engineering units was 2 and 18 respectively in the year 1951 whereas in 2019 the basic metal and engineering unit increased to 122 and 66 respectively. This paper primarily focuses on the estimation of spatial and temporal distribution of manufacturing industrial units, growth and structural changes, manufacturing intensity and concentration of the manufacturing sector during the period of 1951 to 2019 in Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Region.

scholarly journals Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Sarkar ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
Sutapa Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24th March 2020 and was further extended up to 3rd May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. The study is designed to assess the changes in air quality from the pre lockdown period to the during lockdown period in Kolkata and Howrah municipal corporation, West Bengal, India. GIS-based techniques include the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants using interpolation method, on the other hand, statistical methods like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences two phases and correlation matrix helps to understand the changing association of the pollutants in pre and during-lockdown phases. Significant correlations have been found among the pollutants, ANOVA (Two-Way) has shown the significant mean difference of NAQI between the two phases, F (1,611)=465.723, p<0.0001; pairwise comparison for Ballygunj has shown the highest mean difference 108.194 at p<0.0001 significant level between lockdown and pre lockdown phase. Significant positive correlation has been found between PM2.5, PM 10 (0.99*); PM2.5, NO2 (0.81*); PM10, NO2 (0.81*); CO, NO2 (0.77*) and some negative correlations have also been found between O3, NO (-0.15); O3 and NH3 (-0.36) in the pre lockdown phase. The reduction amount of mean concentration from the pre lockdown phase to during lockdown of the main pollutants like PM 2.5, PM10 and NO2 are ~58.71%, ~57.92% and ~55.23%. Near RBU constant emission of PM2.5, 10 and NO2 have been recorded due to the nearby Cossipore thermal power station.

Structural Change and Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Punjab: Post-Reforms Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-396
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Unskilled Labour

After the economic reforms of July 1991, the process of structural change led to jumping from the primary sector of the economy to tertiary by surpassing the secondary sector in India and Punjab in particular. Indeed, this process led to a rapid decline in the capacity of the manufacturing sector to offer jobs and the limited scope of the modern services sector to absorb relatively unskilled labour that was displaced from agriculture, which resulted in uneven growth of the economy, and increased unemployment. The study analysed these structural changes and its implications on the growth of production and employment of the manufacturing sector in Punjab. It was found that since the 1990s, the growth of manufacturing sector in Punjab was stagnant, whereas the trends in production and employment were declining. So, to achieve the optimum level of employment opportunities and mitigate the current crisis looming in the state of Punjab, there is a need to design a mechanism for encouraging investments in manufacturing sector particularly, in small scale industries as these industries have a greater advantage over medium/large scale units, because it uses local inputs, creates more employment opportunities and needs less start-up capital than the latter.

scholarly journals Output, Value Added and Employment in the Small Scale Textile Industry

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Seemin Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
National Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
National Product ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The small scale manufacturing sector is in many ways the step-child of Pakistan's national income accounts. A number of sample surveys of the output and employment characteristics of small industries have been conducted, but no attempt has been made to apply these surveys, in a systematic fashion, to the measurement of the growth of output of this sector. In the absence of better information, compilers of Pakistan's national accounts simply assume that the small scale sector's contribution to the national product grows at the same rate as the population. However, given the rapid structural changes in large scale industry and the sharp fluctuations in the past decade in the rate of increase in the gross national product, it is unlikely that the small scale sector grew at such a uniform rate. The small scale manufacturing sector encompasses a wide array of highly differentiated economic activities and separate estimates of the value added annually by each of these activities is not feasible, in large part because the establishments in this sector rarely keep systematic records even for major items such as sales or employment. Even if firms kept records, it would be extremely difficult to monitor the thousands of existing establishments, much less keep track of firms leaving or entering the sector. Thus, any effort at sampling or regular census-taking in the small scale sector is likely to provide insufficient information from which to construct an annual index of production.

Structural changes in uterine tissues after uterine artery embolization in patients with leiomyoma complicated by uterine bleeding

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
G P Titova ◽  
M M Damirov ◽  
L S Kokov ◽  
O N Oleynikova ◽  
G E Belozerov
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery Embolization ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Uterine Tumors

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is often complicated by the development of uterine bleeding. In urgent gynecology for the implementation of endovascular hemostasis, uterine artery embolization (UAE) is used. Performing UAE allows to stop and/or significantly reduce the intensity of bleeding and prepare a patient for surgical intervention. At the same time, the morphological changes that occur in uterine tissues in operated UL patients after performing the UAE are not studied. The aim was to study the peculiarities of pathomorphological changes in uterine tumors and tissues in operated UL patients complicated by uterine bleeding after performing UAE. Material and methods. The results of morphological changes appearing in tumors and tissues of the uterus in 39 operated UL patients, who were used for stopping uterine bleeding, were analyzed. Results. After applying different types of embolizing agents in macroscopic study of the uterus, signs of ischemia of its tissues were revealed, and the most pronounced disorders were detected in the UL nodes. Morphologically it was established that UAE microemboli resulted in vessel occlusion with increasing thrombosis in their distal sections. UAE was not accompanied by occlusal occlusion of the arteries and resulted in small-scale necrosis of the tumor with complete regeneration of the endometrium. Conclusions. The results of the morphological study showed that after the UAE was performed, the myomatous nodes underwent dystrophic, necrobiotic and necrotic changes. Depending on the nature of occlusion of the uterine arteries, various variants of necrosis (scale and completeness of the process) developed in the tumor tissue, which was aseptic in nature.

Marketing and Sickness in Micro and Small Enterprises in India: An Inter-State Analysis with Special Reference to the Engineering Enterprises in the District of Howrah, West Bengal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manidipa Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Economic Advancement ◽  
Small Scale Industries ◽  
Inter State ◽  
State Analysis

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) [formerly Tiny and Small Scale Industries (SSIs)] are recognized as the main contributors in socio-economic advancement of any country especially the developing one like India. But due to some controllable and/or uncontrollable factors, MSEs cannot get themselves free from sickness. Sickness in MSEs expands its steps in all states in India amongst which West Bengal (WB) is specially notable mainly due to the continuous degradation of Micro and Small Engineering Enterprises of the then Birmingham/Sheffield of the East, Howrah. In WB, Howrah is considered to be the most incipient sickness-prone district for MSEs. Government effort to locate the probable causes of sickness of MSEs has exposed that in India, lack of demand of the product of MSEs in market is the most sever one, while in WB, marketing problem holds the maximum severity, followed by lack of demand which is also partially due to the marketing problem. The present paper aims at identifying how far the major responsible causes in marketing related area are liable in bringing about sickness in Micro and Small Engineering Enterprises.

scholarly journals Planned redesign of beehive coke ovens for pollution control and power generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Binay Kumar Samanta ◽  
Manish Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Wet Scrubbing ◽  
Coke Ovens

Fossil fuel based thermal power or ovens not only exude greenhouse gases and pollutants but transfer enormous amount of waste heat up in air. Heat gets enveloped in the stratosphere and circulate around the earth; escalating global warming. France, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Andorra, Luxembourg, Poland and Germany made it the hottest June on record in 2019. Around 50 coke ovens around Dhanbad are losing and facing closure, with fate of employees doomed. Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board, Dhanbad had been issuing letters to the small-scale refractory and beehive hard coke-ovens to bring down stack gas emissions to below 150mg/Nm3 of suspended particulate matter (SPM), equivalent to the standards of large thermal power plants, deploying electrostatic precipitators (ESP). Some locally made pollution control devices were deployed, but these reduced the chimney draft and coking time increased. Installation of wet scrubbing methods would not be economic and slow down production. With experience as the Manager of a by-product coke oven, the chimney detour method with mechanical exhauster suggested for beehive coke oven. Proposed design not only can generate power, but also trap pollutants by a kind of wet scrubbing and produce byproducts like coal tar. Various associations of small-scale hard coke ovens and refractory industries had approached The Institution of Engineers (India), Dhanbad Local Centre. In this paper, the authors briefly present how waste heat can be converted to power, while absorbing pollutants in hydraulic main in the unique chimney detour method and producing coal tar, exuding clean gas.

scholarly journals Thermal power of small scale manually fed boiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Janić ◽  
S. Igić ◽  
N. Dedović ◽  
V. Janić
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals The Ocean’s Elevator: Evolution of the Air-Seawater Interface During a Small-Scale Algal Bloom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Rogers ◽  
Jennifer Neal ◽  
Ankur Saha ◽  
Abdullah Algarni ◽  
Thomas Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Brewster Angle Microscopy ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Late Stages

We explore in situ the surface properties of marine algal blooms of diatom monocultures by utilizing surface techniques of Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) imaging, vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Over the course of the bloom, the marine algae produce surface-active biogenic molecules that temporally partition to the topmost interfacial layers and are selectively probed through surface imaging and spectroscopic measurements. BAM images show morphological structural changes and heterogeneity in the interfacial films with increasing density of surface-active biogenic molecules. Film thickness calculations quantified the average surface thickness over time. The image results reveal an ~5 nm thick surface region in the late stages of the bloom which correlates to typical sea surface nanolayer thicknesses. Our surface-specific SFG spectroscopy results show significant diminishing in the intensity of the dangling OH bond of surface water molecules consistent with organic molecules partitioning and replacing water at the air-seawater interface as the algal bloom progresses. Interestingly, we observe a new broad peak appear between 3500 cm<sup>-1</sup> to 3600 cm<sup>-1</sup> in the late stages of the bloom that is attributed to weak hydrogen bonding interactions of water to the surface-active biogenic matter. IRRAS confirms the presence of organic molecules at the surface as we observe increasing intensity of vibrational alkyl modes and the appearance of a proteinaceous amide band. Our work shows the often overlooked but vast potential of tracking changes in the interfacial regime of small-scale laboratory marine algal blooms. By coupling surface imaging and vibrational spectroscopies to complex, time-evolving, marine-relevant systems, we provide additional insight into unraveling the temporal complexity of sea spray aerosol compositions.

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