scholarly journals Polyvinyl Butyral Synthesis Process Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Catalyst

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Po Li ◽  
Weilan Xue ◽  
Zuoxiang Zeng ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Yu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Mass Ratio

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) was prepared by the condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with n-butyraldehyde using a catalyst which is a kind of deep eutectic solvent (DES) made of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The raw materials and products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of the following reaction conditions on the degree of PVB acetal, yield and agglomeration of the products were investigated: the mass ratio of n-butyraldehyde to PVA (mBA/mPVA) of 0.48-0.96, the mass ratio of catalyst to PVA (mcat/mPVA) of 0.16-0.64, the low temperature reaction temperature (5-20℃), and the low temperature reaction time (1-3h). The results showed that at mBA/mPVA =0.8, mcat/mPVA =0.32, low temperature reaction temperature of 15°C and low temperature reaction time of 2 hours, the obtained PVB was a homogeneous powder with the highest acetal degree of 73.85%.

Study on Synthesis of the High Aspect Ratios Nesquehonite Whiskers

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ke Yan ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yu Juan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Whisker Length ◽  
Aqueous Solution Method

In this paper, nesquehonite whiskers were synthesized by low-temperature aqueous solution method, and the impacts of reaction temperature, reaction time and surfactant dosage and other factors on the maximum whisker length and high aspect ratios of nesquehonite whiskers were also investigated. Results showed that under the conditions that the reaction temperature was 40 – 50 °C the reaction time was 50 – 60min and the amount of surfactant dosage was 1% (by mass), high aspect ratios nesquehonite whisker products can be synthesized. On this basis, growth mechanism of the nesquehonite whiskers was discussed.

Research of Catalytic Oxidation Synthesis of Cyclopentene to Glutaraldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1149-1152
Author(s):  
Qi Dong Yan ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Butanol ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Main Influence ◽  
Oxidation Synthesis

The paper has studied the process of using H2O2 as oxidant and tungsten acid as catalyst, catalytic oxidation synthesis process of cyclopentene to glutaraldehyde and explored the main influence factors of the reaction, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and solvent. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of the product was characterized by gas chromatography. The optimum synthetic condition was as follows: tertiary butanol as solvent, tungsten acid: boron anhydride(mass ratio)=1:1, 30%H2O2 as oxidant, the reaction temperature 35°C, the reaction time 4h, the yield of glutaraldehyde yield was 46%.

scholarly journals Preparation of Biodiesel through Transesterification of Animal Oil and AlcoholUnder the Catalysis of SO42-/ TiO2

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yan Pang ◽  
Ting-Ting You
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Effective Catalyst

Biodiesel was obtained through transesterification of animal oil and ethanol under the catalysis of SO42-/ TiO2We have inspected the activation of SO42-/ TiO2prepared under different dipping vitriol concentration，baking activation temperature. The optimum conditions to prepare SO42-/ TiO2are; dipping vitriol concentration of TiCl4 hydrolysis product is 1.5 mol / L, baking activation temperature for this catalyst takes 500°C. It can guarantee the catalyst has a smaller size and a higher load of vitriol. With animal oil as raw materials, ethanol as transesterifying agent and SO42-/ TiO2as catalyst, the influence of reaction time, mass ratio of ethanol to oil and the dosage of catalyst were investigated. Optimum condition to obtain biodiesel was studied through orthogonal experiment, and it is listed as follow: mass ratio of ethanol to oil is 1.5:1.0, dosage of catalyst is 30 g SO42-/ TiO2versusper 100 g animal oil, and reaction time is 8.0 h when reaction temperature is controlled as 80°C. The yield of biodiesel is 0.796 g/g under the above condition. SO42-/ TiO2can be used as an effective catalyst during transesterification of animal oil and ethanol, and it can be reused

A Novel Process for Synthesis of Cyclohexyl Ferulate

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Xiang Wen Kong ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Zhao Jing Li ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sodium Bisulfate ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Cyclohexyl ferulate was prepared by direct sterification of ferulic acid and cyclohexanol as raw materials with sodium bisulfate supported by silica as a catalyst. The influences of some factors on the synthesis process were studied. The optimal reaction conditions based upon 0. 2 mol of ferulic acid were chosen that the molar ratio of cyclohexanol and ferulic acid was 10 : 1, the mass ratio of catalyst to reactants was 5%, refluing reaction time was 3.5 hours, et a1. The yield of the product reached 80%. The structure of the product was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and MS spectrum. The catalyst could be recycled and used for many times, which is friendly to the environment.

Isolation and Characterization of Abietic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jian Nong ◽  
Xiao Peng Chen ◽  
Jie Zhen Liang ◽  
Lin Lin Wang ◽  
Zhang Fa Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Rotation ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Amination Reaction ◽  
Ultrasound Intensity

Abietic acid was isolated by means of isomerization and amination reaction-crystallization coupled with ultrasonic wave. Isomerization rosin and ethanolamine were used as raw materials, 95% ethanol as recrystallization solvent, the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, agitating velocity, ultrasound intensity and recrystallization times on the purity and yield of abietic acid were investigated. The suitable isolation conditions were obtained as follow: reaction temperature 30 °C, reaction time 40 min, agitating velocity 400 rpm, ultrasound intensity 300 W and freeze crystallization of amine salt three times. The purity and yield of abietic acid were 98.52% and 54.93% when the suitable conditions were used. And it was then characterization by its melting point, specific rotation, UV, FTIR and NMR, all evidence indicated that the purification product was abietic acid.

Study on Synthesis Technology of Dibutyl Phosphate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1052 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Zhao Guang Nie ◽  
Yan Fang Hu ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Ji Ming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Catalyst Type

The method of the synthesis of dibutyl phosphate from phosphorous acid and n-butanol has been explored. Effects of reaction conditions, such as the ratio of raw materials, reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst type, and reaction time were investigated. The methods of analysis were studied. The composition of product was analyzed by titration method. The result showed: the best temperature was 125-135°C,the mole ratio of n-butanol / phosphorous acid was 3.6, the best reaction time without catalyst was 3h, the yield of dibutyl phosphate was 68%. The product can be separated by the agent of n-butanol/benzene 10:1 in TLC.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of thiourea

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Chuanbo Dai ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Ruiduan Li ◽  
Haifeng Zou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Lawesson’S Reagent ◽  
One Step ◽  
Lawesson's Reagent

Abstract Herein, a simple and effective method for the preparation of thiourea using a nucleophilic substitution reaction is reported. Urea and Lawesson’s reagent were used as the raw materials to prepare thiourea via a one-step method involving the sulfuration reaction, and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. The effect of the reaction time, reaction temperature, and mass ratio of the raw materials on the yield of thiourea were investigated.The most beneficial conditions used for the reaction were determined to be: Reaction time = 3.5 h, reaction temperature = 75°C, and mass ratio of urea to Lawesson’s reagent = 2:1. Under these optimal conditions, the average yield of thiourea over five replicate experiments was 62.37%. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the as-synthesized substance was thiourea. Our synthetic method has the advantages of high yield, mild reaction conditions and simplicity.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Molten Salt Synthesis and the Characterisation of Submicron-Sized Al8B4C7 Powder

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Xueyin Liu ◽  
Zhaoping Hou ◽  
Quanli Jia ◽  
Benjun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Molten Salt Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Liquid Reaction ◽  
Reduction Methods

Submicron-sized (~200 nm) aluminium boron carbide (Al8B4C7) particles were synthesised from Al, B4C and carbon black raw materials in a molten NaCl-based salt at a relatively low temperature. The effects of the salt type/assembly and the firing temperature on the synthesis process were examined, and the relevant reaction mechanisms discussed. The molten salt played an important role in the Al8B4C7 formation process. By using a combined salt of 95%NaCl + 5%NaF, an effective liquid reaction medium was formed, greatly facilitating the Al8B4C7 formation. As a result, essentially phase-pure Al8B4C7 was obtained after 6 h of firing at 1250 °C. This temperature was 350–550 °C lower than that required by the conventional direct reaction and thermal reduction methods.

scholarly journals Extraction of alumina from alumina rich coal gangue by a hydro-chemical process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quancheng Yang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xingjian Deng ◽  
Hongchen Guo ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Vast quantities of gangue from coal mining and processing have accumulated over the years and caused significant economic and environmental problems in China. For high added-value utilization of alumina rich coal gangue (ARCG), a mild hydro-chemical process was investigated to extract alumina. The influences of NaOH concentration, mass ratio of alkali to gangue, reaction temperature and reaction time were systematically studied. An alumina extraction rate of 94.68% was achieved at the condition of NaOH concentration 47.5%, alkali to gangue ratio of 6, reaction temperature of 260°C and reaction time of 120 min. The obtained leaching residues were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer. Research confirmed that kaolinite the main alumina-bearing phase of ARCG can be decomposed and transformed to Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 at relatively low temperature and short reaction time. Additionally, Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 are unstable and will transform to alumina-free phase NaCaHSiO 4 under the optimal conditions, which is the major reason for high alumina extraction rates.

Study on Liquefaction of Corncob in Polyhydric Alcohols

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1110-1113
Author(s):  
Yuan Bo Huang ◽  
Yun Wu Zheng ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Zhi Feng Zheng ◽  
Ying Zi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohols ◽  
Liquid Products

The liquefaction of corncob in polyhydric alcohols was investigated by using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Results showed that the best liquefaction could be obtained with residue percent of 4.5% under the conditions with the corncob/polyhydric alcohols mass ratio of 1/5, reaction temperature of 150°C, reaction time of 60 min, catalyst amount of 3% (based on the weight of corncob), PEG 400/glycerin mass ratio of 7/3 in the polyhydric alcohols, respectively. The liquefied liquid products had acid number of 18.9 mg KOH/g and hydroxyl number of 616.3mg KOH/g, respectively.

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