scholarly journals Effect of Plant Population and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) in Bako, Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Biru Sefera ◽  
Habtamu Ashagre ◽  
Thomas Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a pulse crop with multiple uses and it was introduced recently in the study area. However, its productivity is limited by inadequate plant population and NPS fertilizer rate in the study area. Hence, this study was carried out to determine optimum plant population and NPS fertilizer rates for mung bean borda varaity in Bako, Western Ethiopia. The experiment comprised of factorial combinations of four different plant populations (500000, 571429, 666667, and 800000 plants ha-1) and five NPS fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and it was laid out using Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The results indicated that main effect of plant population and NPS fertilizer rates had significant effect on phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean, except stand count, above-ground biomass, straw and seed yield, which were affected by the main factors and their interactions. Highest nodule dry weight per plant (0.14g), number of pods per plant (4.74g), seeds per pod (10.26g), 100-seed weight (3.61g), and harvest index (31.16%) were observed under minimum plant population (500,000 plants ha-1). Moreover, the highest days for 50% flowering (49.08 days), 90% physiological maturity (64.5 days), effective nodules per plant (2.28),nodule fresh weight (0.33gm), nodule dry weight (0.141g plant-1),plant height (11.10cm), number of leaves per plant (8.80), number of branches per plant (3.11), tap root length (8.99cm), number of pods per plant (4.79), seeds per pod (10.78g), 100-seed weight (3.73) and harvest index (32.98%) were observed under 200 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer. The highest stand count per hectare (780,667 plants ha−1), above-ground biomass (4,947kg ha-1), seed yield ha-1 (1,371kg ha-1) and straw yield (3,575 kg ha-1) were recorded at higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) with 200kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate (kg ha-1). However, higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) at the rate of 100 kg NPS ha-1fertilizer produced 1,325 kg ha-1seed yield which was the highest net benefit (50,080 ETB) and marginal rate of returns (5,610.8%). Therefore, application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population of 800,000 plants ha-1 can be recommended for mung bean production in the study area and similar agro-ecologes. However, the current study was carried out only in one location for one cropping season, hence further studies over many seasons and across several locations are needed to have a conclusive recommendation for wide range of agro ecologies for mung bean production.

scholarly journals Performance of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Influenced by Plant Population and NPS Fertilizer Rates in Bako

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Biru Sefera ◽  
Habtamu Ashagre ◽  
Thomas Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a leguminous crop with a tremendous potential in achieving food and nutritional security in Ethiopia in future. In addition, mung bean plays a major role in improving soil nitrogen content through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, thus reducing the dependance on synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers. However, its productivity is limited by inadequate plant population and NPS fertilizer rate in the study area. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the optimum plant population and NPS fertilizer rates for mung bean borda variety in Bako. The experiment comprised of factorial combinations of four different plant populations (500000, 571429, 666667, and 800000 plants ha-1) and five NPS fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and it was laid out using Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Results indicated that main effect of plant population and NPS fertilizer rates had significant effect on phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean, except stand count, above-ground biomass, straw and seed yield, which were affected by the main factors and their interactions. Highest nodule dry weight per plant (0.14g), number of pods per plant (4.74 g), weight of seeds per pod (10.26 g), 100-seed weight (3.61g), and harvest index (31.16%) were observed under minimum plant population (500,000 plants ha-1). Moreover, effective nodules per plant (2.28), nodule fresh weight (0.33 gm), nodule dry weight (0.141g plant-1), number of pods per plant (4.79), seeds per pod (10.78 g), 100-seed weight (3.73 g) and harvest index (32.98%) were observed under 200 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer rate. Highest stand count per hectare (780,667 plants ha−1), above-ground biomass (4,947kg ha-1), seed yield ha-1 (1,371kg ha-1) and straw yield (3,575 kg ha-1) were recorded at higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) with 200kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate. However, higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) at the rate of 100 kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer produced1, 325 kg ha-1seed yield which was the highest net benefit (50,080 TB) and marginal rate of returns (5,610.8%). Therefore, application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population of 800,000 plants ha-1 can be recommended for mung bean production in the study area and similar agro-ecologies. However, the current study was carried out only in one location for one cropping season, hence further studies over many seasons and across several locations are needed to have a conclusive recommendation for wide range of agro-ecologies for mung bean production.

scholarly journals Plant Population and Nitrogen Fertilization for Subsurface Drip-irrigated Onion

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1722-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Erik B. G. Feibert ◽  
Lamont D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Onion (Allium cepa L.) production in the Treasure Valley of eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho has been based on furrow irrigation with 318 kg·ha-1 N fertilizer and average yields of 70 Mg·ha-1, but these practices have been implicated in nitrate contamination of groundwater. Drip irrigation, introduced in the early 1990s, has several advantages, including reduced leaching losses. Since onion plant populations and N fertilizer rates can affect economic returns, studies were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to determine optimum plant populations and N fertilizer rates for subsurface drip-irrigated onion. Long-day onion (`Vision') was subjected to a combination of seven nitrogen fertilization rates (0 to 336 kg·ha-1 in 56-kg increments applied between late May and early July) and four plant populations (185, 250, 300, and 370 thousand plants/ha). Onion was grown on silt loam in two double rows spaced 0.56 m apart on 1.1 m beds with a drip tape buried 13 cm deep in the bed center. Soil water potential was maintained nearly constant at -20 kPa by automated irrigations based on soil water potential measurements at a 0.2-m depth. Onion bulbs were evaluated for yield and grade after 70 days of storage. Onion yield and grade were highly responsive to plant population. Onion marketable yield increased, and bulb diameter decreased with increasing plant population. Within the range of plant populations tested, gross returns were not always responsive to plant population. Returns were increased by the increase in marketable yield obtained with higher plant population, but higher plant population also reduced the production of the largest sized bulbs which had the highest value per weight. Onion yielded 95 Mg·ha-1 with no applied N fertilizer, averaged over plant populations and years. Onion yield and grade were not responsive to N fertilizer rate or interaction of N fertilizer rate with plant population. Preplant soil available N, N mineralization, and N in irrigation water all contributed N to the crop. Onion N uptake did not increase with increasing N fertilizer rate.

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of QTLs for Yield and Yield Components under Long-Term Salt Stress Using IR64 CSSLs in the Genetic Background of Koshihikari and Their Backcross Progenies

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Nguyen Sao Mai ◽  
Dao Duy Hanh ◽  
Mai Nakashima ◽  
Kotaro Kumamoto ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Unraveling the complex genetic bases and mechanisms underlying salt tolerance is of great importance for developing salt-tolerant varieties. In this study, we evaluated 42 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying chromosome segments from IR64 on the genetic background of Koshihikari under salt stress. Two CSSLs, SL2007 and SL2038, produced higher plant dry weight and grain yield than did Koshihikari under the stress condition. These CSSLs also showed lower Na+ and Cl− accumulation in the leaf and whole plant at the full heading stage, which might be related to the higher grain yield and yield components. To understand the genetic control of its grain yield and yield components, a SL2007/Koshihikari F2 population was generated for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Six QTLs for grain yield and yield-related traits were detected on chromosome 2. Using near-isogenic lines (NILs) from a SL2007/Koshihikari F5 population, qSTGY2.2 was delimited to a 2.5 Mb region and novel qSTPN2 was delimited to a 0.6 Mb region. We also detected a novel QTL, qSTGF2, for grain filling, which was considered an important contributor to grain yield under salt stress in this CSSL. Our results provide insights into mechanisms conferring grain yield under salinity stress and new genetic resources for cloning and breeding.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Inter-row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Teff [Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter] in Limo District, Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamirat Wato
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the main staple food of Ethiopia. It ranks the first among cereals in the country in area coverage and second in the production volume; however, its productivity is almost stagnant. The Quncho (Dz-Cr-387) teff variety was sown during the main cropping season of 2017 at the Limo District, Southern Ethiopia. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 32.5, 65 and 97.5 kg N/ha) and three inter-row spacings (15, 20 and 25 cm), to evaluate the effects on yield and yield components of teff and to identify the economically appropriate nitrogen rates and inter-row spacing that maximize the yield of teff. A factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 12 treatment combinations and three replications. Phenological and yield-related parameters were measured. The main effects of N rate and inter-row spacing showed significant differences (P≤0.05) for all yield and yield components. The effects of N rate by inter-row spacing interaction were not significant for some traits except for the lodging index, biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield and harvest index. Application of N rate at 97.5 kg/ha and inter-row spacing with 25 cm significantly (P≤0.01) increased grain yield of teff. Moreover, both N fertilizer rates and wider inter-row spacing increased the magnitudes of the important yield attributes including plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers per plant, thousand seed weight, biomass yield and straw yield significantly (P≤0.01) and also inter-row spacing increased the magnitudes of important yield attributes significance (P≤0.05). From the results of the study, it is possible to conclude that increased application of nitrogen fertilizer rate and row spacing improves yield and yield components of teff. Therefore, the application of 97.5 kg N/ha and inter-row spacing of 25 cm gave maximum yield which can be recommended for the study area.

scholarly journals 561 Reduction of Fertilizer Inputs Using Earthworm Castings as a Substrate Amendment for Poinsettia Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 492D-492
Author(s):  
Pablo R. Hidalgo ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Frank Matta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Substrate Amendment ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Better Than

Earthworm castings were evaluated to determine the effect of earthworm castings on growth of Poinsettia `Freedom Bright Red'. Castings derived from cow (CC), horse (HC), or sheep (SC) manure were combined with peatmoss at 1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, or 0:1 peat: castings (v/v). One plant was potted per 1.5-L container and were fertilized at 0, 50, 200, or 350 mg/L N in a RCB arrangement. Plant growth index at all fertilizer rates was greatest when grown in SC at 0:1, 1:3, and 1:1 and CC at 0:1 and 1:3 (peat: castings) ratios. For each of the three animal sources, no differences in growth index were observed among fertilizer rates when 100% castings was used as the substrate. Bract area was greatest on plants grown in SC at 1:0, 1:3, and 1:1 (peat: castings) ratios at all four fertilizer rates. Bract area on plants grown in CC at 0:1 and 1:3 (peat: castings) was less than SC, but better than CC at 1:1, 3:1, or 1:0 or any of the HC substrates. Plants grown in substrates with 75% or more castings all had similar bract area regardless of fertilizer rate. As castings in the substrate decreased, bract area increased as fertilizer rate increased. When fertilized at 0, 50, or 200 mg/liter N plant dry weight decreased as castings increased in the substrate. Fertilization at 350 mg/liter did not affect dry weight between substrates.

scholarly journals The Impact of Soil Amendment of Super Absorbent Polymer on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Corn in Center of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
M.H. Shahrajabian ◽  
W. Sun ◽  
Q. Cheng ◽  
M. Khoshkharam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Absorbent Polymer ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Abstract Corn is one of the most important cereal crop grown in Iran. A complete randomized design with four replications was used to analysis the influence of soil amendment of super absorbent polymer on grain yield and yield components of corn in center of Iran in 2016 and 2017. Treatments with super absorbent polymer were 0 kg/ha (S1), 15 kg/ha (S2), 30 kg/ha (S3), and treatments with fertilizers were 50% (F1), 75% (F2), 100% (F3), which could be combined into nine pots. The influence of super absorbent polymer was significant on spike weight in 2017, above-ground biomass in 2016, one hundred seed weight in 2016, and grain yield in 2017. There was no meaningful influence of super absorbent polymer on spike weight in 2016, above-ground biomass in 2017, 100 seed weight in 2017 and grain yield in 2016. Fertilizer treatments had significant influence on spike weight, above-ground biomass, 100 seed weight, and grain yield in both 2016 and 2017. The interaction between SAP and fertilizers had significant effect on above ground biomass in 2017. In both years, the highest spike weight, above ground biomass, 100 seed weight and grain yield was related to S3 (30 kg/ha), followed by S2 (15 kg/ha) and S1 (0 kg/ha), respectively. 100% application of fertilizer (F3) had obtained the maximum spike weight, above ground biomass, 100 seed weight and grain in both 2016 and 2017. Our data have shown that the applied SAP had a remarkable effect on corn growth and yield under different fertilization treatments, and its application of 30 kg/ha gave the best corn production index.

scholarly journals (41) Growth of Japanese Holly in Pine Chips and Pine Bark as Influenced by Fertilizer Rate

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027B-1027
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Jake F. Browder
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
New Material ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Many industrial and agricultural wastes have been evaluated for use as alternative container substrate components. Recently, a new material produced from ground pine logs (Pinus taeda L.) has been utilized as a substitute for peat moss and pine bark (PB). On 17 Aug. 2005, japanese holly (Ilex crenata `Compacta' Thunb.) plants were potted in milled PB (Pinus taeda L.) and debarked ground pine chips (PC). Pine chips were ground with a hammermill to pass through a 6.35-mm screen. Osmocote Plus 15–9–12 (15N–4P–10K) was incorporated in both PB and PC substrates at the rates of 3.5, 5.9, 8.3, and 10.6 kg·m-3. Plants were greenhouse grown until 22 Nov. 2005. Substrate solution nutrient content and pH were determined for all treatments in each substrate. Shoots were dried, weighted, and tissue analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Shoot weights were higher in plants grown in PB than PC at the 3.5 and 5.9 kg·m-3 fertilizer rates. At the 8.3 kg·m-3 rate, shoot dry weight was about the same for each substrate, but at the 10.6 kg·m-3 rate, growth was higher for plants grown in PC than in PB. Substrate EC increased with increasing fertilizer rates and with the exception of Cu, was higher in PB substrates at all fertilizer rates. Plant tissue levels generally increased as fertilizer rate increased in both substrates but were higher in plants grown in PB than PC with the exception of Cu. Therefore, higher rates of fertilizer are required to produce optimal plant growth in PC compared to PB.

scholarly journals Increased Fertilizer Levels Do Not Prevent Abscisic Acid–Induced Chlorosis in Pansy

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Jong-Goo Kang ◽  
Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽  
Sue K. Dove ◽  
Geoffrey M. Weaver ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in regulating stomatal responses to environmental stress. By inducing stomatal closure, applications of exogenous ABA can reduce plant water use and delay the onset of drought stress when plants are not watered. However, ABA can also cause unwanted side effects, including chlorosis. Pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana) has been shown to be particularly susceptible to ABA-induced chlorosis. The objective of this study was to determine if fertilization rate affects the severity of ABA-induced chlorosis in this species. ‘Delta Premium Pure Yellow’ pansy seedlings were fertilized with controlled-release fertilizer incorporated at rates from 0 to 8 g·L−1 of substrate. When plants had reached a salable size, half the plants were sprayed with a solution containing 1 g·L−1 ABA, whereas the other plants were sprayed with water. Leaf chlorophyll content was monitored for 2 weeks following ABA application. Leaf chlorophyll content increased greatly as fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 2 g·L−1, with little increase in leaf chlorophyll at even higher fertilizer rates. ABA induced chlorosis, irrespective of the fertilizer rate. Plant dry weight was lowest when no controlled-release fertilizer was incorporated, but similar in all fertilized treatments. ABA treatment reduced shoot dry weight by ≈24%, regardless of fertilization rate. This may be due to ABA-induced stomatal closure, which limits carbon dioxide (CO2) diffusion into the leaves. We conclude that ABA sprays induce chlorosis, regardless of which fertilizer rate is used. However, because leaf chlorophyll concentration increases with increasing fertilizer rates, higher fertilizer rates can mask ABA-induced chlorosis.

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