scholarly journals Effect of Plant density and Fertilizer Application Rates on Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Greenhouse Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Mai Hai Chau ◽  
Ngo Xuan Chinh
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Plant density and fertilization are key practices for improving the fruit quality and yield of vegetables grown in greenhouses. The experiment was performed to investigate the effects of density and fertilization on the fruit yield and quality, economic efficiency of Solanum lycopersicum L. at Duc Trong district of Lam Dong province. The density (50,000; 33,000; 25.000 plants ha-1) and the fertilizer rates (240N – 100P2O5 – 275K2O; 300N – 125P2O5 – 344K2O; 360N – 150P2O5 – 413K2O kg and 420N – 175P2O5 – 482K2O kg ha-1) were studied in a completely randomised split plot design with three blocks. The fertilizer rate (420N – 175P2O5 – 482K2O kg ha-1) was produced the highest height (562.39 cm), fruit setting rate (69.87%), number of fruit per plant (95.65 fruits), average fruit weight (106.37 g), fruit yield (441.11 tons ha-1) and marketable fruit yield (204.31 tons ha-1). The density (25,000 plants ha-1) gave the highest fruit setting rate (75.35%), number of fruit per plant (94.84 fruits), average fruit weight (113.24 g), individual fruit yield (10.02 kg per plant) and fruit yield (501.17 tons ha-1). The combination of density (25,000 plants ha-1) and fertilizer rate (420N – 175P2O5 – 482K2O kg ha-1) have the highest fruit yield (613.5 tons ha-1), marketable fruit yield (223.91 tons ha-1) and rate of return (2.44). In addition, this combination was the best density and fertilizer level management strategy for greenhouse-grown Lahay 334 tomato cultivar in Lam Dong province, Vietnam.

scholarly journals Heterosis in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for Yield and Yield Component Traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Desalegn Negasa Soresa ◽  
Gomathi Nayagam ◽  
Netsanet Bacha ◽  
Zerihun Jaleta
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Yield Component Traits ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Estimates of heterosis for F1 hybrids over mid and better parent were computed for traits that showed significant differences between genotypes on analysis of variance. Heterosis for yield components and yield was studied using 8x8 half diallel cross in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The heterosis for yield was generally accompanied by heterosis for yield components. Heterosis for marketable fruit yield per plant ranged from (-63.4%) (P3xP8) to (33.8%) (P6xP8) and (-62.5%) (P3xP8) to (52.6%) (P5xP7), for mid parent and better parent respectively. Significant heterosis over better and mid-parent was observed for all the traits.  Best parent and Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) was highest  and in desirable direction for number of marketable fruit per plant  (29.3%; 29.2%)  in crosses ( P3xP6 for both ) and pericarp thickness  (46.3%; 57.6%) in crosses (P2xP6 and P4xP8), number of fruit cluster per plant (32.8%; 35.9%) in cross (P3xP6 for both), individual fruit weight (36.1%; 41.2%) in cross (P2xP8, P3xP5) and fruit diameter (28.4%; 28.3%) in cross (P3xP5; P2xP6), fruit length (23.07%; 20.4%)  in cross (P2xP6 for both). Out of 28 F1 crosses, positive and desirable heterosis by 10 crosses over better parent and 17 crosses over mid-parent were observed for total fruit density in tomato. An important heterosis both in heterobeltiosis and mid-parent was recorded in marketable fruit yield in ton per hectare. From all the crosses, seven crosses revealed positive from which three crosses are the most important P2xP7 (31%),  P3xP5 (20%) and P3xP6 (54%) in better parent heterosis. Similarly for mid-parent heterosis, only ten crosses out of 28 reveled positive while the rest 18 crosses showed the undesirable direction for marketable fruit yield indicating majority of the hybrids exhibited unfavorable heterotic response and only a few hybrids could be considered for selection.

scholarly journals The Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Hawzen, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilay Gebremedhin ◽  
Mehari Gebremicheal ◽  
Gebregwergis Fitsum
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Background More than 50% of the soil in Tigray is deficient in macro essential nutrients. Hence, poor soil chemical fertility is a major challenges for low production of crops like tomato in Hawzen. The aim of this work was to study the effects of N and P rates on the yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Hawzen, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods Four different rates of N (0, 69, 138 and 207 kg Nha− 1) and P (0, 46, 69 & 92 kg Pha− 1) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil analysis were done before executing of the experiment. Data were collected on yield, and fruit quality of tomato. Results The results revealed that plant height, leaf area index, number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flower clusters, number of fruit per clusters and fruit set were significantly influenced by the main effects of N and P rates. The interaction of N and P rates only had significant effects on marketable, total fruit yield, mean fruit weight, and fruit length. Compared to control, application of 138 kg Nha− 1 and 69 kg Pha− 1 increased mean fruit weight, marketable fruit weight and total fruit yield by 35.9%, 70.5% and 68.4%, respectively. Likewise, the main effects of N and P rates were remarkable on total soluble solids, total sugar, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, lycopene content, and protein. A significant influence on the P content of tomato was detected due to varied rates of P. fruit N concentration was significantly influenced by rates of N only. Conclusion Application of N and P at rates of 138 and 69 kgha− 1, respectively, showed the highest values in most yield and quality measurements and particularly increased yield by 70.5% as compared to the nil fertilizer application. Therefore, 138 kg Nha− 1 and 69 kg Pha− 1 can be used by producers for better yield and quality of tomato in the area.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and trait relationship in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunnal) A. Gray)

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
HC Mohanta ◽  
MR Ismail ◽  
MY Rafii ◽  
MA Malek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene

Nine traits of 11 cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray) inbred lines exhibited a wide range of genetic variability. High geno- and phenotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for individual fruit weight (68.16 and 74.23%, respectively) followed by number of fruits/plant (58.8 and 68.34%, respectively). High estimates of heritability, genetic advance and genotypic coefficient of variation for the traits of individual fruit weight, number of fruits and clusters/plant were controlled by additive gene action indicating the possibility of selection to improve these characters. Fruit yield/plant showed low heritability along with low genetic advance and did not show significant and positive correlation with the remaining characters. It indicates that improvement of high yield through selection is difficult, rather hybridization can be effective for improving the fruit yield/plant. Among the lines, CH154 produced the highest number of fruits/plant (291) and highest fruit yield (1.89 kg/plant and 63.4 t/ha) and can be selected for cultivation under Bangladesh condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13443 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 163-167, 2012 (December)

scholarly journals DENSELY PLANTED OKRA FOR DESTRUCTIVE HARVEST

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438a-438
Author(s):  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
John B. Solie
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Marketable Fruit

We are developing a mechanical harvest system for okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Our objective was to identify a high-density (HD) plant arrangement and a harvest timing that would maximize marketable fruit yield per hectare with a destructive harvest. We compared destructively harvested plants grown at spacings of (in cm) 15 × 15, 23 × 23, and 30 × 30 with hand-harvested plants grown at 90 × 23 cm. Within HD treatments, marketable fruit weight increased inconsistently as plant density increased. The 30 × 30-cm spacing was not dense enough. Branching decreased and the position of the first marketable fruit attachment moved up as plant density increased. Delaying destructive harvest until many over-mature fruit were present often did not increase marketable fruit yield and always reduced the proportion of total harvested fruit weight due to marketable fruit. Overall, percentages of marketable yield obtained by destructive harvests of HD plants were low compared to the cumulative marketable yield from control plants. However, the labor-saving potential was high. A prototype machine for harvest of HD okra has been developed, and further testing is planned.

scholarly journals Bell Pepper Fruit Yield and Quality as Influenced by Solar Radiation-based Irrigation and Container Media in a Passively Ventilated Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Jovicich ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
Dorota Z. Haman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Concentration Levels

Frequent fertigation of soilless-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) can increase fruit production, but development of fruit disorders may offset the increase in yield of first-quality (blemish-free) fruit in greenhouses with minimal environmental control. Fruit yield and quality were studied as affected by water volumes and nutrient concentration levels, delivered with irrigation events initiated after determined cumulative solar radiation levels, in ‘HA3378’ bell pepper from October to May in north–central Florida. Irrigation events occurred after solar radiation integral levels (SRI; ±SD) 1.7 ± 0.42, 3.7 ± 0.42, 5.7 ± 0.42, 7.7 ± 0.42, and 9.7 ± 0.42 kW·min−1·m−2, which led to mean number of daily irrigation events of 61 ± 31, 26 ± 12, 17 ± 8, 12 ± 5, and 10 ± 4 respectively. In peat mix, perlite, and pine bark media, volume per irrigation event and concentration levels of the nutrient solution were, in the first experiment, 74 mL standard (74-s), and in a second concurrent experiment, 74 mL half-standard (74-½s) or 3) 37 mL standard (37-s). In both studies, combined marketable fruit yields of first quality and second quality (minor cracking patterns and yellow spots) increased linearly with decreasing SRI (increased events per day). First-quality fruit weight with 74-s was unaffected by media and, in a quadratic response to SRI, reached 5.4 kg·m−2 at 5.7 kW·min−1·m−2. First-quality weight with 74-½s and 37-s did not differ. Weight was unaffected by SRI in peat mix and perlite, and a quadratic response was recorded in pine bark, with yields of ≤3.6 kg·m−2. Fruit cracking incidence decreased with increased SRI, and was generally greater in pine bark. Incidence of yellow spots doubled with 74-½s compared with 37-s, and decreased linearly with increased SRI; the disorder was minor with 74-s. Compared with 37-s, 74-½s decreased fruit with blossom-end rot by 14%, increased marketable fruit weight by 10% in media with the lowest water-holding capacity (perlite, pine bark), and increased nutrient use efficiency. With any media used, the SRI set point of 5.7 kW·min−1·m−2 (daily mean of 17 irrigation events) and 74 mL, at standard nutrient concentration levels, appeared to produce greater blemish-free fruit yield than delivering 37 mL/event or half-concentrated 74 mL/event within the range of SRI means of 1.7 to 9.7 kW·min−1·m−2 (61–10 irrigation events/day). Disorder-tolerant pepper cultivars, better temperature control, and August plantings are additional suggestions for irrigation management to increase first-quality fruit yield.

scholarly journals Variability Parameters of Yield and Quality Attributes in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Som Prakash ◽  
R. S. Verma ◽  
R. B. Ram ◽  
Bhag Chand Shivran ◽  
Harvindra Pal
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Number Of Branches

The experiment of the present research work was conducted during summer season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Horticulture Research Farm-I, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya-Vihar, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow (U.P.), India. The analysis of variance clearly reveals significant differences among the genotypes for all characters. The observations recorded on various characters showed that the estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient variation (GCV) for all characters. The high phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variation were observed in marketable fruit yield per plant (39.36%) followed by average fruit weight (29.73%) and number of branches per plant (27.18%). High estimates of heritability were recorded for different characters viz., average fruit weight (98.6%) followed by total soluble solids (97.8%), total sugars (97.7%) and days to anthesis of first pistillate flowers (97.2%). The parameters which observed were found to be very high estimate value of genetic advance in per cent of mean of (60.14%) average fruit weight (60.14%) followed by titratable acidity (53.73%), number of branches per plant (53.47%), total soluble solids (52.81%) and marketable fruit yield per plant (47.87%).

scholarly journals Mitigating Natural Heat Stress for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) Production through Management Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Tika Ram Chapagain ◽  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Moha Dutta Sharma ◽  
Kalyani Mishra Tripathi ◽  
Aravind Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Management Techniques

An experiment was conducted to identify suitable production management techniques for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation during late winter-pre monsoon season in plains of Nepal. For this, organic mulches (rice straw, dried grass, and rice husk) were compared with SN (shade net) and no-mulch (bare field) condition for tomato yield in 2018 and 2019. The pooled analysis of all observed morphological and yield traits were performed and they differed significantly. Rice husk significantly affected number of fruits per inflorescence though number of inflorescence per plant and flowers per inflorescence were similar among organic mulches. The highest fruit yield per plant (4.44 kg plant-1) was obtained with rice husk, the other mulches and SN were at par but the lowest yield (2.75 kg plant-1) was obtained with no-mulch. Similarly, rice husk mulch contributed to the highest number of fruits per inflorescence (5.22), highest fruit weight (46.58 g) and diameter (4.99 cm).Fruit yield positively and significantly associated with fruit per inflorescence(0.78***), fruit diameter (0.65***) and an average fruit weight (0.56***).Organic mulches significantly (p=0.05) contributed to higher yield (86.01 t ha-1) over SN (76.55 t ha-1).Higher values for total soluble solid, Vitamin C and fruit firmness were observed under rice husk mulching. The result of the present study found rice husk mulching as better option for tomato production as compared to SN and no-mulch condition.

scholarly journals Effects of salicylic and benzoic acid on yield and yield components of moisture stressed tomato (solanum lycopersicun l.) at Kadawa Sudan Savannah

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
H.M. Isa ◽  
A.A. Manga
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Salicylic acid and Benzoic acids are antitranpirants usually used to reduce the rate of moisture loss and increase productivity of irrigated crops. To test antitranspiracy of Salicylic and Benzoic acids, field experiments were conducted during the two successive dry Seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at the Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kadawa (11̊ 38ʹ 40.3ʺ N,8̊ 25ʹ3.9ʺ E) 498m elevation above sea level. The aim was to study the effects of antitranspirants and moisture stress on crop growth and development stages of tomato. The treatments consisted of two antitranspirants at four different concentrations of 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm, and three moisture stress stages, vegetative, flowering and fruit setting. Antitranspirants and moisture stresses were assigned to the main plot and concentrations were used as sub–plot treatment. These were replicated three times and laid out in a split-plot design. The gross plot size was 3.6m x 3.0m (10.8m2) consisting of 6 rows of 3m length, while the net plot size was 1.2m 1.8m (2.16 m2) consisting of 2 inner most rows. Data were taken on tomato growth and yield attributes. Data generated were analysed using statistical analytics software (SAS). The results of the study revealed that application of both Antitranspirants enhanced growth and yield components such as fruit diameter, number of fruits plant1, average fruit weight, marketable fruit yield and total fruit yield of tomato. Significant interactions between and among the factors were also recorded for fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 marketable fruit yield and the total fruit yield. Application of 200 and 400 ppm of of Salicylic acid at fruit setting produced the highest total fruit yield (6.66 tha-1) which was statistically similar to 600 ppm of Benzoic (6.10 t ha-1) at flowering while the control had the lowest. Total fruit yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of fruit plant-1 and average fruit weight. Number of fruits plant-1 was found to have the highest direct contribution to the yield. Flowering and fruiting stages were found to be the critical growth stages for moisture stress of tomato. Foliar application of 400 ppm of Salicylic acid at fruit setting stage appeared to promote tomato yield in the study area.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines at Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Suraj Gurung ◽  
Prabin Adhikari ◽  
Kushal Giri ◽  
Tek Prasad Gotame ◽  
Surendra Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Marketable Fruit

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of hybrid tomato lines on growth and yield performance at Regional Agriculture research Station (RARS), Parwanipur, Nepal during end of September, 2018 to April, 2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven hybrid tomato lines as treatments and three replications. The tested lines included Srijana and Dalila as check varieties and other lines, developed by crossing HRA and HRD lines which showed better performance under late blight conditions. HRA 20× HRD 1 showed significantly higher plant height (110.67 cm) which was statistically at par with genotype HRA 14× HRD 7. The highest number of fruits per plant (69) was recorded from Srijana whereas the lowest number of fruits per plant (37) was recorded from cv. HRA20 × HRD1. The fruit yield of the lines ranged from 50.54 t/ha to 32.2 t/ha with Srijana having the highest yield and HRA 20× HRD 1 as the lowest. Similar results were shown regarding the marketable fruit yield. However, the highest individual fruit weight (34.67g) was recorded in HRA 14× HRD 7 and the least fruit weight was recorded in Srijana (24.22 g). Results showed that the maximum TSS (5.53 0Brix) was recorded from Dalila which was similar as Srijana. Hence, the overall performance of Srijana was recorded superior regarding both quantitative and qualitative suggesting Srijana as the recommended variety in the given domain. Here authors concluded that Srijana is still a comparatively better hybrid variety in Nepal. 

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