Peak Bone Mineral Density Levels in Normal Omanis, a Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-531
Author(s):  
S. Hadhrami ◽  
J. Sulaimi ◽  
D. Kindi ◽  
O. Elshafie ◽  
S. Hussien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Peak Bone Mineral Density

The Effect of Hormonal Oral Contraception on Acquisition of Peak Bone Mineral Density of Adolescents and Young Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ziglar ◽  
Tracy S. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Peak Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass Accrual

Maximizing bone mass in youth is touted as the best strategy to offset the natural losses of aging and the menopausal transition. Not achieving maximum peak bone mineral density (BMD) is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and thus a public health concern. Adolescence is a critical time of bone mineralization mediated by endogenous estradiol. Research has shown that the highest velocity of bone mass accrual occurs 1 year before menarche and after the first 3 years. Low-peak attainment of BMD in young women is associated with contributing factors such as diets low in calcium, eating disorders, lack of exercise, smoking, and low estrogen states. Oral contraceptives (OCs) suppress endogenous estradiol production by suppressing the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Thus, OCs, by replacing endogenous estradiol with ethinyl estradiol (EE), establish and maintain new hormone levels. The early initiation and the use of very low dose of EE raises the possibility that bone mass accrual at a critical time of bone mineralization in young women or adolescents may be jeopardized. This review examines the studies of BMD in adolescents and young women that use combination hormonal contraception. Some studies had inherent limitations, such as small trial, poor control of confounders, failure to exclude women with prior use of hormonal contraceptives, or prior pregnancy from control groups. The vast majority of reviewed studies showed OCs containing 20 to 30 µg of EE interfere with acquisition of peak BMD. Limited numbers of studies examine the effects of OCs containing 35 µg on adolescents and young adults. Additionally, studies are needed evaluating the progestin component of OCs as their differing androgenic properties may affect bone mineralization as well.

scholarly journals Impaired skeletal growth in mice with haploinsufficiency of IGF-I: genetic evidence that differences in IGF-I expression could contribute to peak bone mineral density differences

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mohan ◽  
D J Baylink
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Peak Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Peak Bmd

Although it is well established that there is considerable inter-individual variation in the circulating levels of IGF-I in normal, healthy individuals and that a genetic component contributes substantially to this variation, the direct evidence that inter-individual variation in IGF-I contributes to differences in peak bone mineral density (BMD) is lacking. To examine if differences in IGF-I expression could contribute to peak BMD differences, we measured skeletal changes at days 23 (prepubertal), 31 (pubertal) and 56 (postpubertal) in mice with haploinsufficiency of IGF-I (+/−) and corresponding control mice (+/+). Mice (MF1/DBA) heterozygous for the IGF-I knockout allele were bred to generate +/+ and +/− mice (n=18–20 per group). Serum IGF-I was decreased by 23% (P<0.001) in mice with IGF-I haploinsufficiency (+/−) group at day 56 compared with the control (+/+) group. Femoral bone mineral content and BMD, as determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were reduced by 20% (P<0.001) and 12% respectively in the IGF-I (+/−) group at day 56 compared with the control group. The peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements at the femoral mid-diaphysis revealed that periosteal circumference (7%, P<0.01) and total volumetric BMD (5%, P<0.05) were decreased significantly in the +/− group compared with the +/+ group. Furthermore, serum IGF-I showed significant positive correlations with both areal BMD (r=0.55) and periosteal circumference (r=0.66) in the pooled data from the +/+ and +/− groups. Our findings that haploinsufficiency of IGF-I caused significant reductions in serum IGF-I level, BMD and bone size, together with the previous findings, are consistent with the notion that genetic variations in IGF-I expression could, in part, contribute to inter-individual differences in peak BMD among a normal population.

Swimming and peak bone mineral density: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gomez-Bruton ◽  
Jesús Montero-Marín ◽  
Alejandro González-Agüero ◽  
Alba Gómez-Cabello ◽  
Javier García-Campayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Peak Bone Mineral Density
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