An Advanced Study on Increasing Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus, Systemic Hypertension and Germ Cells with Endogenous Estrogen

Background: Comorbidities are important events in the natural history of the disease and have a negative effect on the morbidity and mortality of COPD patients. It is increasingly recognized that, many patients with COPD have co-morbidities that have a major impact on quality of life and survival. Present study aims at studying the prevalence and effects of comorbidities in COPD patients at a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was cross sectional, observational study conducted in COPD patients, diagnosed for more than 5 years, underwent investigations for various comorbidities. Results: In present study, 130 COPD patients were studied for various co-morbidities. Majority of cases were from 50 -64 years age group (49.23 %) and were male (97.69 %). Smoking was major factor noted among cases (73.85 %), out of them 23.96 % were current smoker. Mean duration since quitting of smoking was 7.24 ± 5.83 years. Comorbidities noted in present study were systemic hypertension (42.31 %), GERD and gastric ulceration (31.54 %), type 2 diabetes mellitus (30.77 %), metabolic syndrome (29.23 %), anemia (11.54 %), left sided cardiac abnormalities (10.77 %), depression (8.46 %), obstructive sleep apnea (6.92 %), ischemic heart disease (6.15 %), osteoporosis (4.62 %), bronchiectasis (2.31 %) and lung cancer (0.77 %). Conclusion: Comorbidities noted in present study were hypertension, GERD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, anaemia, left sided cardiac abnormalities and depression.

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Systemic hypertension in diabetes mellitus

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/0002-9149(88)91103-4 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 61 (16) ◽

pp. H34-H40 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

James V. Felicetta ◽

James R. Sowers

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systemic Hypertension

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Importance of diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension rather than completeness of revascularization in determining long-term outcome after coronary balloon angioplasty (the LDCMC registry)

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00413-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 547-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

David A Halon ◽

Amnon Merdler ◽

Moshe Y Flugelman ◽

Galia Shifroni ◽

Nader Khader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Balloon Angioplasty ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome

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Risk of Ischemic Stroke in High Risk Atrial Fibrillation Patients during Periods of Warfarin Discontinuation for Surgical Procedures

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000446406 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (5-6) ◽

pp. 346-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adnan I. Qureshi ◽

Nauman Jahangir ◽

Ahmed A. Malik ◽

Mohammad Rauf Afzal ◽

Fayyaz Orfi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

High Risk ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Importance: The risk of ischemic stroke during periods of warfarin discontinuation for surgical procedures is recognized but not well characterized. Objective: The study aimed to quantitate the risk of ischemic stroke associated with high risk atrial fibrillation during periods of warfarin discontinuation. Design, Setting and Participants: A cohort of 4,060 patients (mean follow-up period of 3.5 ± 1.3 years) were randomized into the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management study. Patients enrolled in the study had atrial fibrillation plus at least one other risk factor for stroke or death: age ≥65 years', systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, transient ischemic attack, prior stroke, left atrium >50 mm, left ventricular fractional shortening <25% or left ventricular ejection fraction <40%. Exposure: Warfarin discontinuation for procedure. Main Outcome and Measures: The association of warfarin discontinuation with the incidence of ischemic stroke using pooled repeated measures and Cox proportional hazards analyses during follow-up after adjusting for age, gender, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking and study period. Results: Warfarin discontinuation for procedure occurred in 265 (0.4%) of the 71,355 person observations. Compared with those without warfarin discontinuation, the rate of ischemic stroke was higher among participants with surgery-related warfarin discontinuation (1.1% of 265 person observations vs. 0.2% of 71,090 person observations, p = 0.001). Warfarin discontinuation was associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke (relative risk 5.8; 95% CI 1.8-18.4) after adjusting for potential confounders. The population-attributable risk associated with surgery-related warfarin discontinuation was estimated to be 23.1% (95% CI 15.2-30.9%) for ischemic stroke. Conclusions and Relevance: The 6-fold higher risk of ischemic stroke associated with discontinuation of warfarin for surgical procedures must be recognized in high risk atrial fibrillation patients and considered in the risk-benefit analysis of any procedure.

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A 37-Year-Old Woman With Diabetes Mellitus, Systemic Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease Admitted With Multifocal Pneumonia and Empyema

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.13-2711 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 146 (2) ◽

pp. e41-e46

Author(s):

J. Terrill Huggins ◽

Nithin Karakala ◽

Ruth Campbell ◽

Carlos Kummerfeldt ◽

Jennings Nestor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Systemic Hypertension

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A CASE STUDY ON SCHIZOPHRENIA INDUCED MULTIPLE COMORBIDITIES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.23979 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jagadeesan M ◽

Kiran Kumar R ◽

Justin Jacob Abraham

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Hypoglycemic Agents ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Inferior Wall ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior which includes false beliefs, confusion, and auditory hallucination. Antipsychotic drugs therapy increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (CAD) in schizophrenic patients. Hence, we have planned for a systematic approach toward the management of comorbidities induced in schizophrenic patients. A case study was conducted in 42-year-old female patient diagnosed with schizophrenia along with Type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, systemic hypertension, CAD-acute coronary syndrome recent inferior wall myocardial infarction. The patient was treated with atypical antipsychotics, antiplatelets, antianginals, statins, hypoglycemic agents, and other supportive measures. The patient improved symptomatically. The antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia induces abnormal metabolic syndrome which results in decreased glucose and lipid metabolism that leads to obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia associated with cardiovascular risks. Often antipsychotics are combined with benzodiazepines and antiparkinson agents to reduce the risks caused from large doses of antipsychotic medication. However, people receiving first-generation antipsychotics have higher prevalence of developing diabetes mellitus and cardiac risks compared to second-generation antipsychotics. Hence, we conclude that atypical antipsychotic drugs such as amisulpride, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone should be given to schizophrenic patients because these drugs have little effects on abnormal metabolic syndrome when compared to other antipsychotics. There is a need for proper screening of blood glucose level and cardiovascular risks assessment before the administration of antipsychotic medications to schizophrenic patients and also during the course of treatment regularly.

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