scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Zeolites on the Degradation Kinetics of Malathion Pesticide in Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Elly Tety Osewe ◽  
Victor Shikuku ◽  
Cristiane A. Pereira ◽  
Stephen O. Otieno ◽  
Audrey Okoyo
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
Fau Zeolite ◽  
Different Types ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Monjolinho River

The study examined the effects of selected types of zeolites as an environmentally benign and friendly way to degrade, S-1, 2-bis (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl O, O-dimethylphosphorodithioate (malathion), used as a model pesticide, from river water. The effect of the size of zeolite channels and dimensionality (such as 1D, 2D, and 3D), Si/Al ratio, and operating pH were studied to find a suitable type of zeolite and conditions to optimize the pesticide degradation. Mordenite (MOR (1D): Si/Al=6.83, and Si/Al=10.72), ferrierite (FER (2D): Si/Al=10.71), ZSM-5 (MFI (3D): Si/Al=6.83 and Si/Al=10.72) and USY (FAU (3D): Si/Al=2.77) zeolites were individually mixed with a water sample collected from Monjolinho River in São Carlos (SP), Brazil and the degradation trend studied. The results showed that all the zeolites accelerated the degradation of malathion. Nevertheless, lower zeolite Si/Al ratio and larger 3D channels or cavities had a positive influence on the degradation rate. The FAU zeolite presented the stronger degradation of the malathion with a half-life of 16.5 followed by ZSM-5 with 24.8, ferrierite with 29.7, and finally mordenite with 30.3 hours.

scholarly journals In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions. 

scholarly journals Nitrogen degradation of the limestone-urea mixtures in the rumen of goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
M. A. Harahap ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
E. Pangestu ◽  
F. Wahyono ◽  
J. Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Central Java Province

This experiment was aimed to study the degradation kinetics of limestone-urea mixtures in the goats rumen using the nylon bag technique. Samples of limestone were obtained from two limestone mountains, Pamotan Subdistrict of Central Java Province and Wonosari Subdistrict of Yogyakarta Province. The mixtures were created by combining urea at levels 25, 50, 75and 100%; respectively with two limestones on the basis of their Ca contents: L0U100, LP25U75, LP50U50; LP75U25, LW25U75; LW50U50; and LW75U25. The soluble fraction, potentially degradable fraction, the degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction, and effective degradation of respective dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) ruminal degradation kinetics were measured in each mixture. The mixture of LP75U25 had lowest effective and degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction (P<0.05) respectively for DM and N compared with those of other mixtures. In conclusion, the limestone-urea mixture of LP75U25 could be suggested as a dietary supplement of ruminal N slow release.

scholarly journals Highly efficient UV/H2O2 technology for the removal of nifedipine antibiotics: Kinetics, co-existing anions and degradation pathways

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258483
Author(s):  
Wenping Dong ◽  
Chuanxi Yang ◽  
Lingli Zhang ◽  
Qiang Su ◽  
Xiaofeng Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Primary Key ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study investigates the degradation of nifedipine (NIF) by using a novel and highly efficient ultraviolet light combined with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2). The degradation rate and degradation kinetics of NIF first increased and then remained constant as the H2O2 dose increased, and the quasi-percolation threshold was an H2O2 dose of 0.378 mmol/L. An increase in the initial pH and divalent anions (SO42- and CO32-) resulted in a linear decrease of NIF (the R2 of the initial pH, SO42- and CO32- was 0.6884, 0.9939 and 0.8589, respectively). The effect of monovalent anions was complex; Cl- and NO3- had opposite effects: low Cl- or high NO3- promoted degradation, and high Cl- or low NO3- inhibited the degradation of NIF. The degradation rate and kinetics constant of NIF via UV/H2O2 were 99.94% and 1.45569 min-1, respectively, and the NIF concentration = 5 mg/L, pH = 7, the H2O2 dose = 0.52 mmol/L, T = 20 ℃ and the reaction time = 5 min. The ·OH was the primary key reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ·O2- was the secondary key ROS. There were 11 intermediate products (P345, P329, P329-2, P315, P301, P274, P271, P241, P200, P181 and P158) and 2 degradation pathways (dehydrogenation of NIF → P345 → P274 and dehydration of NIF → P329 → P315).

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Capsaicin on Blanching-Brine-Calcium Pretreatment Red Chili Pepper Drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Fadzilia Arifin ◽  
Mohamad Djaeni
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Local Farmer ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Kinetics Of

Post-harvest red chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) has highly capsaicin as bioactive compound and moisture content. However, capsaicin is the responsible bioactive compound in chili for hot sensation that easy to degrade by partial oxidation caused introduction of heat in drying process. The objective of this research was to investigate kinetics of capsaicin degradation in the drying process under blanching-brine-calcium pretreatment and various temperatures. For this purposes, chili provided local farmer was pretreated using blanching-brine-calcium pretreatment. Afterward, they were dried at 40, 50, 60, and 70 oC for 8 hours. Degradation of capsaicin content was observed every 2 hours using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Results showed kinetics of capsaicin degradation was categorized as second order reaction. At the same temperature and time, capsaicin retention of blanching-brine-calcium pretreated chili has highest value. The temperature dependence of the capsaicin degradation rate was analyzed using Arrhenius correlation. The activation energy for degradation rate of capsaicin during drying was around 45.10367 kJ/mol.K. It indicated the degradation rate increased as well as increased the temperature at the same time. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 26th October 2017; Revised: 14th February 2018; Accepted: 18th February 2018; Available online: 11st June 2018; Published regularly: 1st August 2018How to Cite: Arifin, U.F., Djaeni, M. (2018). Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Capsaicin on Blanching-Brine-Calcium Pretreatment Red Chili Pepper Drying. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (2): 365-372 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1660.365-372) 

scholarly journals Enhanced removal of refractory pollutant from aniline aerofloat wastewater using combined vacuum ultraviolet and ozone (VUV/O3) process

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2250-2259
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Deng ◽  
Dachao Zhang ◽  
Meng Wu ◽  
Philip Antwi ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Pollutant Degradation ◽  
Elimination Kinetics ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Coexisting Ions

Abstract Aerofloats, such as aniline aerofloat ((C6H5NH)2PSSH), are extensively employed for collection activities in wastewater particularly in cases where minerals are in flotation. Although this aniline aerofloat has efficient collection properties, they are ordinarily biologically persistent chemicals in which case their residual, as well as their byproducts, pose great environmental risks to water and soils. In this study, the removal efficiency of aniline aerofloat (AAF) by a combined vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ozone (O3) process (VUV/O3) was evaluated. Furthermore, the impacts of pH, O3, the concentration of AAF and coexisting ions (SiO32−, CO32−, Cl− (Na+), SO42−, Ca2+) were systematically studied. The experiments revealed that, with an initial AAF of 15 mg/L, AAF removal &gt;88% was feasible with a reaction time of 60 min, pH of 8 and O3 of 6 g/h. The order of influence of the selected coexisting ions on the degradation of AAF by VUV/O3 was Ca2+ &gt; CO32− &gt; SiO32− &gt; Cl− (Na+) &gt;SO42−. Compared with VUV and O3 in terms of pollutant degradation rate, VUV/O3 showed a remarkable performance, followed by O3 and VUV. Additionally, the degradation kinetics of AAF by the VUV/O3 process agreed well with first-order elimination kinetics.

Degradation Kinetics of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B Dye by UV/Mn2+/H2O2/Micro-Aeration

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Cai ◽  
Xiao Jun Yang ◽  
Dong Sheng Xia ◽  
Qing Fu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
H2o2 Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Equation ◽  
Linear Least Squares ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract. Degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) by a UV/Mn2+/H2O2/micro- aeration method was investigated. The influencing factors of degradation of X-3B including UV irradiation, aeration, pH value, H2O2 concentration and X-3B concentration were examined. The results show that X-3B was effectively degraded by the UV/Mn2+/H2O2/micro-aeration method. The degradation rate of X-3B was obtained from weighted linear least squares analysis of the experimental data, and accorded with the pseudo-first order kinetics equation.

4-tert-Octylphenol Biodegradation Performance by Acinetobacter Strain Immobilized in Calcium Alginate

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Kun Ming Dong ◽  
Li Miao ◽  
Xiao Jian Zhou ◽  
Cui Li Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Kinetics Of

The 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP) biodegradation by alginate immobilized cells of Acinetobacter sp. was compared with its respective free cells in different media. The effects of different bead densities, pH values and practical applications of artificial seawater and wastewater on the biodegradation rate of 4-t-OP were investigated. Degradation kinetics of 4-t-OP by free and immobilized cells was well fitted with first order kinetic. The immobilized Acinetobacter sp. cells could enhance the efficiency of 4-t-OP degradation. The degradation rate and 4-t-OP half-life were 97.6% and 0.7 d, respectively. Increasing level of bead amount could also improve the degradation effects, when 400 beads per 100 mL were added, the degradation rate and 4-t-OP half-life were 96.5 % and 0.2 d respectively. The immobilized Acinetobacter sp. cells could degrade 4-t-OP both in artificial seawater and wastewater. The degradation rates were 87.7% and 84.3%, respectively, indicating its potential application of removing and biodegrading 4-t-OP under practical environment.

scholarly journals Degradation kinetics of fisetin and quercetin in solutions affected by medium pH, temperature and co-existed proteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xin-Huai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

Impacts of medium pH, temperature and coexisted proteins on the degradation of two flavonoids fisetin and quercetin were assessed by spectroscopic method in the present study. Based on the measured degradation rate constants (k), fisetin was more stable than quercetin in all cases. Increasing medium pH from 6.0 to 7.5 at 37?C enhanced respective k values of fisetin and quercetin from 8.30x10?3 and 2.81x10?2 to 0.202 and 0.375 h-1 (P<0.05). In comparison with their degradation at 37?C, fisetin and quercetin showed larger k values at higher temperature (0.124 and 0.245 h?1 at 50?C, or 0.490 and 1.42 h?1 at 65?C). Four protein products in medium could stabilize the two flavonoids (P<0.05), as these proteins at 0.10 g L-1 decreased respective k values of fisetin and quercetin to 2.28x10?2-2.98x10?2 and 4.37?10?2-5.97x10?2 h?1. Hydrophobic interaction between the proteins and the two flavonoids was evidenced responsible for the stabilization, as sodium dodecyl sulfate could destroy the stabilization significantly (P<0.05). Casein and soybean protein provided greater stabilization than whey protein isolate. It is thus concluded that higher temperature and alkaline pH can enhance flavonoid loss, whereas coexisted proteins as flavonoid stabilizers can inhibit flavonoid degradation.

scholarly journals Recovery of mangrove sediment contaminated with fuel oil by endogenous microbial consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e6
Author(s):  
Amanda Ferreira Santos Silva ◽  
Thomas Wendell Fernandes dos Santos ◽  
Norma Buarque de Gusmão ◽  
Persio Alexandre da Silva ◽  
Thais De Melo Castelo Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of

This work aimed to select a microbial consortium enriched with isolated microorganisms of mangrove sediment as to its capacity to recover sediment contaminated by lubricating oil. The promising microorganisms were selected using the colorimetric dichlorophenol indophenol technique (DCPIP) using lubricating oil as the carbon source, to evaluate the emulsifying and enzymatic activity of the microorganisms. The antagonism test was also used for further evaluation of the consortia. The fractional factorial experimental design methodology (2n) was used to establish the process conditions for the subsequent accomplishment of the degradation kinetics of the lubricating oil by the selected microorganisms and consortium. Eight bacteria and three fungi were evaluated, of which five were selected with a 36 h turn of the DCPIP indicator. Eleven microorganisms produce emulsifying substances and five produce enzymes. The results showed that the best consortium was B5F2F4, with a degradation rate of 95% of the phenol at 70 rpm in 250 μL of the oil. The kinetics of oil degradation showed a phenol degradation rate of 65% after 24 days of treatment. The microorganisms are suitable for the degradation of phenol, the main constituent of the oil, and can be used as a recovery model for environments contaminated with hydrocarbons.

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