scholarly journals Spatial Mapping of Measles-Rubella Campaign in a Rural Area near Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
N. R. Ramesh Masthi ◽  
Afraz Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Spatial Mapping ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Campaign Coverage

Immunization is an important public health intervention. The Measles-Rubella (MR) campaign was launched during 2017 in India for the elimination of measles. This study explored vaccination coverage and spatial mapping using QGIS and Google Earth Pro. WHO-EPI 30 clusters sampling technique for evaluation of vaccination coverage was performed in villages within the rural area of a Medical College near Bengaluru. Seven children aged 2-15 years were surveyed per cluster, resulting in 210 children. Smartphones having GPS/Garmin GPS72H (handheld GPS receiver) were used for noting coordinates. Subsequently all these coordinates were plotted for spatial mapping of vaccination coverage. The geospatial characteristics of the households surveyed were described using spatial mapping. Results indicate that 87.6% were immunized with MR Vaccine under the campaign, but 12.4% remained unimmunized, the reasons given being absence, ignorance, or refusal because of rumours concerning side-effects. The Measles-Rubella campaign coverage was found to be satisfactory. In addition the spatial mapping is a useful tool for measurement of coverage of a vaccination campaign. There was no clustering of unimmunized subjects observed on spatial mapping.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage of Infants and Young Children in a Selected Rural area of Mymensingh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Sultana Sobnam Dipu ◽  
Md Tufael Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Medical College

This study was conducted to estimate vaccination coverage of infant and young children in a selected rural area of Mymensingh. This was done on the background that vaccine preventable diseases are major causes of under-5 mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. Though EPI coverage in Bangladesh is high still there are reported cases of meningitis, pneumonia and measles. This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among 240 children belonging from birth to 24 months age group from Churkhai village of Bhavokhali union, Sadar Mymensingh during January 2019 as a part of Residential Field Site Training of 3rd year students under the guidance of Department of Community Medicine of Community Based Medical College Bangladesh. The sampling technique was purposive. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire has been used to collect required information by face to face interviewing mothers of infant and young child with verification of immunization card. Out of total children between birth to 24 months age group surveyed, 121 (50.42%) were males and 119 (49.58%) were females. Most of them 217 (90.42%) were fully immunized and 23 (9.58%) were partially immunized. BCG vaccination was 100% though 19 (7.92%) were 2 months late. Pentavalent, PCV, b OPV, f IPV vaccination coverage was 92.89% each, though 5 (2.37%) were 2 months late. Measles-Rubella coverage was 83.04%. Vaccination coverage was better than the finding of other studies in Bangladesh and neighboring countries except Measles-Rubella coverage. We should motivate mothers to attain a full vaccination coverage of 100%. CBMJ 2020 January: Vol. 09 No. 01 P: 19-24

scholarly journals Implementing WHO Guidance on Conducting and Analysing Vaccination Coverage Cluster Surveys: Two Examples from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ndegwa Wagai ◽  
Dale A. Rhoda ◽  
Mary L. Prier ◽  
Mary Kay Trimner ◽  
Caitlin B. Clary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Campaign Coverage ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

In 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software (named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators - VCQI) to calculate them. The current WHO vaccination coverage survey manual was used to design and conduct two nationally representative vaccination coverage surveys in Nigeria – one to assess routine immunization and one to measure post-measles campaign coverage. The primary analysis for both surveys was conducted using VCQI. In this paper, we describe those surveys and highlight some of the analyses that are facilitated by the new resources. In addition to calculating coverage of each vaccine-dose by age group, VCQI analyses provide insight into several indicators of program quality such as crude coverage versus valid doses, vaccination timeliness, missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination, and, where relevant, vaccination campaign coverage stratified by several parameters, including the number of previous doses received. The VCQI software furnishes several helpful ways to visualize survey results. We show that routine coverage of all vaccines is far below targets in Nigeria and especially low in northeast and northwest zones, which also have highest rates of dropout and missed opportunities for vaccination. Coverage in the 2017 measles campaign was higher and showed less geospatial variation than routine coverage. Nonetheless, substantial improvement in both routine program performance and campaign implementation will be needed to achieve disease control goals.

scholarly journals Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247415
Author(s):  
John Ndegwa Wagai ◽  
Dale Rhoda ◽  
Mary Prier ◽  
Mary Kay Trimmer ◽  
Caitlin B. Clary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Campaign Coverage ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

In 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software (named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators—VCQI) to calculate them.–The current WHO vaccination coverage survey manual was used to design and conduct two nationally representative vaccination coverage surveys in Nigeria–one to assess routine immunization and one to measure post-measles campaign coverage. The primary analysis for both surveys was conducted using VCQI. In this paper, we describe those surveys and highlight some of the analyses that are facilitated by the new resources. In addition to calculating coverage of each vaccine-dose by age group, VCQI analyses provide insight into several indicators of program quality such as crude coverage versus valid doses, vaccination timeliness, missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination, and, where relevant, vaccination campaign coverage stratified by several parameters, including the number of previous doses received. The VCQI software furnishes several helpful ways to visualize survey results. We show that routine coverage of all vaccines is far below targets in Nigeria and especially low in northeast and northwest zones, which also have highest rates of dropout and missed opportunities for vaccination. Coverage in the 2017 measles campaign was higher and showed less geospatial variation than routine coverage. Nonetheless, substantial improvement in both routine program performance and campaign implementation will be needed to achieve disease control goals.

scholarly journals Implementing WHO Guidance on Conducting and Analysing Vaccination Coverage Cluster Surveys: Two Examples from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ndegwa Wagai ◽  
Dale A. Rhoda ◽  
Mary L. Prier ◽  
Mary Kay Trimner ◽  
Caitlin Clary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
World Health ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Campaign Coverage ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

In 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software to calculate them. In addition to tabular presentations of coverage by vaccine and age group, the guidance document and software (named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators - VCQI) – provide insight into crude coverage versus valid doses, vaccination timeliness, missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination, and vaccination campaign coverage stratified by several parameters, including the number of previous doses received. The VCQI software furnishes several helpful ways to visualize survey results. The current WHO survey guidance was used to design and conduct two nationally representative vaccination coverage surveys in Nigeria – one to assess routine immunization and one to measure post campaign coverage. The primary analysis for both surveys was conducted using VCQI. This paper describes those surveys and highlights some of the analyses that are facilitated by the new resources.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccination Campaign during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of a Research and Teaching Hospital in Milan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5874
Author(s):  
Pier Mario Perrone ◽  
Giacomo Biganzoli ◽  
Maurizio Lecce ◽  
Emanuela Maria Campagnoli ◽  
Ambra Castrofino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
Research And Teaching

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, more than ever, optimal influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial to avoid absenteeism and disruption of health services, as well as in-hospital influenza outbreaks. The aim of this study is to analyze the 2020 influenza vaccination campaign, comparing it with the previous year’s in a research and teaching hospital in Northern Italy. Methods: adopting an approach based on combined strategies, three interventions were deployed: a promotional and educational campaign, vaccination delivery through both ad hoc and on-site ambulatories, and a gaming strategy. Personal data and professional categories were collected and analyzed using univariate logistic regression. Vaccinated HCWs were asked to fill in a questionnaire to describe their reasons for vaccination adherence. Results: the vaccination coverage rate (VCR) was 43.1%, compared to 21.5% in 2019. The highest increase was registered among administrative staff (308.3%), while physicians represent the most vaccinated category (n = 600). Moreover, residents (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.12; 95% CI 1.04–1.20), as well as intensive care (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.24–1.69) and newborn workers (PR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20–1.65) were, respectively, the categories most frequently vaccinated for the first time. Conclusion: the significant increase in vaccination coverage rate confirms the suitability of the combined strategy of delivering the flu vaccination campaign and represents a first step towards reaching WHO recommended vaccination rates.

Vaccination Coverage: Vaccine-Related Determinants & Anthropometric Measures in Children Resident in a Rural Community in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iribhogbe Osede Ignis ◽  
Sonila Tomini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Susceptible Population

Background: Vaccination of children has played a significant role in reducing early childhood morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases; however, some factors act as deterrents in achieving adequate coverage in this susceptible population. Aims & Objectives: The study, therefore, aimed to identify vaccine-related determinants of childhood vaccination as well as determine the relationship between childhood vaccination status and body weight, height, and a child’s body mass index (BMI). Methods: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design in which 608 caregiver-child pair was recruited sequentially by using a two-stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaires based on the SAGE vaccine hesitancy model were used to interview the participants. Elicited data was analyzed and categorical variables were presented in tables and charts as frequencies, while a chi-square test was used to test the association between the independent and dependent variables. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also done to determine the correlation between vaccination status and weight, height, and BMI of children. Result: The study showed that vaccination coverage was suboptimal (70.56%) in children and was below the expected target of 80%. Although a few (183, 30.10%) of the respondents claimed they would prevent the vaccination of their children due to the fear of needles, the majority (87.50%) will be willing to accept more vaccine doses for their children if there were no pain. While factors such as the experience of adverse reaction (X2 = 13.22, df = 2, p<0.001), crying from pain (X2 = 11.33, df = 2, p<0.001) and the scientific evidence of safety (X2 = 34.63, df = 2, p<0.001) were significantly associated with a complete vaccination status, vaccination status was positively correlated with the weight (r=0.160, p<0.001), height (r=0.081, p=0.023) and BMI (r=0.214, p<0.001) of children in the rural community. Conclusion: Vaccination uptake and coverage can be significantly improved in children by designing and implementing interventional programs that target pharmaceutical and vaccine-specific factors acting as barriers in these rural communities.

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak in Complex Emergency: Estimating Vaccine Effectiveness and Evaluation of the Vaccination Campaign in Borno State, Nigeria, 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Eudes Jean Baptiste ◽  
John Wagai ◽  
Richard Ray Luce ◽  
Balcha Girma Masresha ◽  
Don Klinkenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Complex Emergency ◽  
Campaign Coverage ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

Abstract Background: From January to May 2019, large measles outbreaks affected Nigeria. Borno state was the most affected, recording 15,237 suspected cases with the state capital of Maiduguri having 1,125 cases investigated and line-listed by March 2019. In Borno state, 22 of the 27 Local Government Areas (LGAs or Districts), including 37 internally displaced persons (IDPs) camps were affected. In response to the situation, an outbreak response immunization (ORI) campaign was conducted in the 13 most affected LGAs. In addition to conventional vaccination teams, special teams were deployed in security compromised areas, areas with migrants, and for nomadic and IDPs. Here we describe the outbreak and the ORI campaign. We also assess the measles-containing vaccine (MCV) coverage and vaccine effectiveness (VE) in order to quantify the population-level impactMethods: We reviewed the ORI activities, and conducted an analysis of the surveillance and the outbreak investigation reports. We assessed VE of MCV by applying the screening-method. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the effect of final classification of cases on the VE of MCV. The MCV coverage was assessed by a post-campaign coverage survey (PCCS) after completion of the ORI through a quantitative survey in the 12 LGAs that were accessible. . Results: Of the total 15,237 reported measles cases, 2,002 cases were line-listed and investigated, and 737 were confirmed for measles by week 9 of 2019. Of the investigated cases 67.3% (n = 1,348) were between 9 and 59 months of age. Among the 737 confirmed cases, only 9% (n = 64) stated being vaccinated with at least 1 dose of MCV. The overall VE for MCV was 98.4 (95%CI: 97.8 – 98.8). No significant differences were observed in the VE estimates of lab-confirmed and epi-linked cases when compared to the original estimates. The aggregated weighted vaccination coverage was 85.7% (95% CI: 79.6 – 90.1).Conclusion: The experience in Borno demonstrates that adequate VE can be obtained in conflict-affected areas. In complex emergency affected by measles outbreaks, health authorities may consider integration with other health strategies and the engagement of security personnel as part of the ORI activities.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS among patients attending medicine outpatient department in C. C. M. Medical College and Hospital, Durg

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5095
Author(s):  
Suresh C. Gupta ◽  
Karan J. Jain ◽  
Anjana Tiwari ◽  
Indu Padmey ◽  
Nandkishor J. Bankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the deadliest diseases that modern medicine has ever had to tackle. Understanding the knowledge about HIV/AIDS in general populations will help in formulating strategy for prevention and treatment. With this background, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS among general population.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at C.C.M. Medical College and Hospital, Durg during December 2018 to January 2019. The data was collected from 450 patients attending the medicine outpatient department. Study subjects were selected using convenient sampling technique. Patients giving consent and willing to participate were included in the study. The data was collected in predesigned and pretested questionnaire.Results: 77.11% study participants were aware that unprotected sex can lead to transmission of HIV, 73.78% knew that shaking hands will not transmit the disease. 79.8% knew that use of condom can prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS. Overall males had better knowledge than females. 76.85% said they would behave friendly with people having HIV/AIDS and 69.78% were willing to take care of relatives with HIV.Conclusions: This study indicates that majority participants have good knowledge about difference between HIV and AIDS, modes of transmission and prevention though they were not completely aware of it. The proportion of those with lack of correct knowledge though comparatively less, needs to be taken as a challenge and addressed through well planned health educational activities at various platforms including teaching hospital premises.

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