Vaccination Coverage of Infants and Young Children in a Selected Rural area of Mymensingh

This study was conducted to estimate vaccination coverage of infant and young children in a selected rural area of Mymensingh. This was done on the background that vaccine preventable diseases are major causes of under-5 mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. Though EPI coverage in Bangladesh is high still there are reported cases of meningitis, pneumonia and measles. This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among 240 children belonging from birth to 24 months age group from Churkhai village of Bhavokhali union, Sadar Mymensingh during January 2019 as a part of Residential Field Site Training of 3rd year students under the guidance of Department of Community Medicine of Community Based Medical College Bangladesh. The sampling technique was purposive. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire has been used to collect required information by face to face interviewing mothers of infant and young child with verification of immunization card. Out of total children between birth to 24 months age group surveyed, 121 (50.42%) were males and 119 (49.58%) were females. Most of them 217 (90.42%) were fully immunized and 23 (9.58%) were partially immunized. BCG vaccination was 100% though 19 (7.92%) were 2 months late. Pentavalent, PCV, b OPV, f IPV vaccination coverage was 92.89% each, though 5 (2.37%) were 2 months late. Measles-Rubella coverage was 83.04%. Vaccination coverage was better than the finding of other studies in Bangladesh and neighboring countries except Measles-Rubella coverage. We should motivate mothers to attain a full vaccination coverage of 100%. CBMJ 2020 January: Vol. 09 No. 01 P: 19-24

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Study of Cervical Length in Bangladeshi Cadaver

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v5i2.53927 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

Zubaida Gulshan Ara ◽

ASM Shafiqul Islam ◽

Umme Kulsum Sharmin Zaman ◽

Anjuman Ara ◽

Reeva Aireen Busreea

Keyword(s):

Uterine Cervix ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Female Genital

This cross sectional descriptive study was done to see the length of the cervix in Bangladeshi cadaver to find out the anatomical variation and to compare it with other study findings. 60 post mortem specimens containing female genital organs particularly uterine cervix were collected by purposive sampling technique from cadavers of different age groups. All the collected specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution. This study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College from July 2006 to June 2007. Both gross and fine dissections were performed to measure the length of the uterine cervix. We compare our study findings with that of the references. Maximum mean length of the cervix was found in the 13-45 years age group. It was 2.89 cm. CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 26-28

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Assessing the burden of Covid-19 in the slums of Bangalore city: Results of Rapid Community Survey

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i03.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 475-479

Author(s):

Ranganath Thimnahalli Sobagaiah ◽

Ramesh Nugehally Raju Masthi ◽

Lalitha Krishnappa ◽

Ambika Rangaiah ◽

Girish Nagaraja Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inner Core ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Community Survey ◽

Age Group ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bangalore City ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

Background: Karnataka, more so Bangalore, reported an increase in number of COVID-19 cases in early April 2021. Objective: To assess the burden of COVID-19 in the slums of Bengaluru city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional multi centre community-based study was done in the 2nd and 3rd week of April 2021 in 24 different slums in Bangalore city. WHO cluster random sampling technique was followed. Swabs for RTPCR test and 4 ml of venous blood was collected from 728 subjects more than 18 years of age. Results: A total of 51 (7%) subjects were positive for COVID-19 through RT-PCR. Majority 33 (56.9%) were in the age group of 18-44 years. 148 (20.3%) subjects were sero-positive on blood examination and 18-44 years was the (59.4%) preponderant age group. Overall seropositivity was 20.3% (95%CI; 17.4-23.2) and RT-PCR positivity is 7% (95%CI; 5.2-8.8%) among the subjects surveyed. In the inner core area of Bangalore, seropositivity was 24.2% (95%CI; 21.0 – 27.3) and RT-PCR positivity was 8% (95%CI; 6.1-9.9). Two doses of COVID-19 vaccine were taken only by 1.55% subjects during the study period. Conclusion: The study showed that one in 5 subjects were sero-positive to SARS-CoV-2 and one in 15 individuals had active COVID-19 infection.

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Prevalence of hearing impairment in Aligarh: a community based study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182624 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 2926

Author(s):

Mohammad Asif Khan ◽

Najam Khalique ◽

Zulfia Khan ◽

Abrar Hasan

Keyword(s):

Hearing Impairment ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Population

Background: Hearing impairment is avery complex phenomenon, which has many and serious consequencesfor people and involves many factors and issues that should becarefully examined. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in the study population.Methods: Study design was a community based cross sectional study. Setting was on field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. No. of Participants was 422 study subjects age 18 and above 18 years; Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 13; Chi-square.Results: Overall prevalence in present study population was found to be 23.1%. The prevalence in the rural areas (24.8%) was found to be higher than that of the urban areas (20.5%). The age specific prevalence showed that the maximum prevalence was in the age group of more than 70 years (66.6%). In the rural areas the prevalence was highest in the >70 year age group(75%) while in the urban areas it was maximum in the 61-70 year age group(61.5%). The prevalence was least in the 31-40 year age group in both urban (5.4%) as well as rural areas (14.5%). The association of hearing loss with age was found to be highly significant.Conclusions:A high prevalence of hearing impairment was found in the study. Increasing prevalence of hearing impairment was observed with advancing age.

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Morbidity and behavioural problems among adolescents in Hajipur village of Katihar district, Bihar

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 4503

Author(s):

Shahin Rahman ◽

Mohammad Makhmoor Alam ◽

Sanjeev Kumar Khichi ◽

Mohd Haroon Khan

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Behavioural Problems ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Medical College ◽

Field Practice ◽

History Of ◽

Abused Drugs

Background: Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and mental development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Adolescence is a gateway to health promotion since key behavior patterns that influence health and longevity have their origin in adolescence. The aim and objectives of the study were to study the morbidity and behavioural problems among adolescents.Methods: A community based cross sectional descriptive study was at Hajipur village, a rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar. 400 adolescents (213 boys and 187 girls) were included in the study. Systematic random sampling technique was used.Results: Among 400 adolescents, 25% of the adolescents having some health problem during the survey; predominant problems were psychological and behavioral in nature. 6.25% of adolescents were addicted (tobacco chewing), 1.5% abused drugs, 9.75% were depressed and 7.5% had anxiety disorder. Higher number of adolescents (29%) had history of worm infestation. 9.75% adolescents were suffering from upper respiratory tract infection and also had ear, nose, throat, eye, skin, and or dental problems.Conclusions: The adolescents had higher rate of morbidity and behaviour problems.

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Assessment of immunization status of 12 to 23 months old children in rural Patna

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 328

Author(s):

Ayesha K. Rahman ◽

Jamil Raazi

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Dropout Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cluster Technique ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Immunization Status

Background: For immunization to be effective in decreasing the cases of vaccine preventable diseases and deaths, every child needs to be fully immunized. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the immunization status and vaccination coverage of 12-23 months old children in the rural areas of Patna district.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the rural areas of Patna. The study was conducted using 30 cluster technique. The proforma designed by UNICEF was used as a study tool.Results: The vaccination coverage for bacille calmette guerin, pentavalent 1, 2 and 3 and measles were respectively 93.63%, 98.18%, 90%, 84.54% and 76.36%. The proportions of fully immunized children were 80.90%, partially immunized 19.10% and no unimmunized children. The dropout rate was 9.7% for BCG-DPT3, 14.56% for BCG-Measles and 13.83% for DPT1-DPT3.Conclusions: Although the vaccination coverage shows higher coverage but the dropout rates are still more than acceptable standards.

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Spatial Mapping of Measles-Rubella Campaign in a Rural Area near Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v40i330227 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

N. R. Ramesh Masthi ◽

Afraz Jahan

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Google Earth ◽

Spatial Mapping ◽

Gps Receiver ◽

Medical College ◽

Campaign Coverage

Immunization is an important public health intervention. The Measles-Rubella (MR) campaign was launched during 2017 in India for the elimination of measles. This study explored vaccination coverage and spatial mapping using QGIS and Google Earth Pro. WHO-EPI 30 clusters sampling technique for evaluation of vaccination coverage was performed in villages within the rural area of a Medical College near Bengaluru. Seven children aged 2-15 years were surveyed per cluster, resulting in 210 children. Smartphones having GPS/Garmin GPS72H (handheld GPS receiver) were used for noting coordinates. Subsequently all these coordinates were plotted for spatial mapping of vaccination coverage. The geospatial characteristics of the households surveyed were described using spatial mapping. Results indicate that 87.6% were immunized with MR Vaccine under the campaign, but 12.4% remained unimmunized, the reasons given being absence, ignorance, or refusal because of rumours concerning side-effects. The Measles-Rubella campaign coverage was found to be satisfactory. In addition the spatial mapping is a useful tool for measurement of coverage of a vaccination campaign. There was no clustering of unimmunized subjects observed on spatial mapping.

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Child Blood Pressure Profile in Bali, Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1962-1967

Author(s):

Dyah Kanya Wati ◽

Putu Cintya Denny Yuliyatni ◽

I Made Krisna Dinata ◽

Gusti Ayu Putu Nilawati ◽

I Gede Raka Widiana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Pressure Profile ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Health Impact ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

History Of ◽

Hypertension In Children

BACKGROUND: Mortality and morbidity in an adult will be reduced by controlling hypertension from an early age. Uncontrolled blood pressure since children can contribute to diseases such as heart disease, organ damage, and decreased quality of life. As changes in lifestyle, it is estimated that hypertension in children will continue to increase. Until now, data regarding the profile of blood pressure in children in Indonesia is still lacking.AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of increased blood pressure and hypertension in children in Bali.METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study. The sampling technique in this study was multistage random sampling, that is, from 9 regencies in Bali, the selection of 3 regencies to be sampled according to socio-economic stratification based on regional economic growth and regional per capita income in Bali Province.RESULTS: From 1257, samples examined the prevalence of increased blood pressure, and hypertension was 689 children (54.8%). From the age group, the prevalence of an increase in blood pressure and hypertension in the age group ≤ , 12 years was 47.3%, and in the age group > 12 years was 62.2%. Increased blood pressure in nutritional status including Obesity 51.4%, Nutrition More 52.9%, Good Nutrition 42.2%, Nutrition Less 43.9%, Malnutrition 50.0%. In families with a history of hypertension, the prevalence of increased blood pressure and hypertension in subjects was 60.3% and in families without a history of hypertension was 43.4%.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is still a prevalence of hypertension in children in Bali. Health efforts are needed so that they can minimise the further health impact that might occur. It should also be noted that various factors can influence the prevalence of increased blood pressure and hypertension in children.

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Epidemiology of fall and its risk factors among elders in a rural area of Coimbatore, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174265 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 3864 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas V. Chacko ◽

Prabha Thangaraj ◽

Muhammad G. M.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Area ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Coimbatore District ◽

History Of

Background: Global reports show that falls are the major cause of disability injuries among the elders. Developing countries lack the required epidemiological data on the burden of falls and factors that contribute to it.The objectives of the study were to find the burden of fall and its distribution in time, place and person among elders and to identify risk factors associated with fall among elders. Methods: A community–based cross-sectional study of 655 elders (≥ 60 years) was done in a rural area of Coimbatore District by two stage sampling technique. History of fall within the past 6 months was included in the study. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess factors contributing to falls. The burden of falls was expressed as proportions and percentages. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify risk factors for fall. Results: 26% (95%CI: 22.59-29.32) elders experienced at least one fall. Of the total falls 50.2% occurred outside home and the remaining inside home. Most of the falls occurred during ambulation and at the morning hours (39.1%). Age ≥80 years (OR: 3.28, 95%CI: 1.28-5.98) and dizziness (OR: 3.27, 95%CI: 1.00-10.06) were only found to be significantly associated with fall on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The occurrence of fall was found to be almost similar to that identified in western countries where fall preventive measures have been implemented. Similar efforts are yet to be initiated here and so this study provides the evidence for the need. Prospective studies through more frequent home visits are needed to confirm the enormity of the problem to suggest policy recommendation.

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Incidence of accessory spleen in Bangladeshi cadaver

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v1i1.13824 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17-19

Author(s):

Md Ashraful Islam Chowdhury ◽

Md Mahbubur Rahman ◽

Subaida Gulshan Ara ◽

Anjuman Ara ◽

Mamunur Rashid Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Journal ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Accessory Spleen ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Human Cadaver ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medicine Department ◽

Medical College

This cross sectional descriptive study was done to find out the incidence of accessory spleen in Bangladeshi people to create awareness of the presence of an accessory spleen in a patient prior to splenectomy. During this study one hundred and twenty human cadaver of which eighty-seven male and thirty- three female of different age group were dissected in the morgue of forensic medicine department of Mymesingh Medical College. This was a cross sectional and descriptive study carried out in the department of anatomy of Mymensingh medical college, from July 2007 to June 2008. Accessory spleen was found in 20% cases where 20.68% cases in male and 18.18% in female. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v1i1.13824 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 17-19

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Study of relationship between age and body mass index on knee osteoarthritis in advanced aged females in a divisional city of Bangladesh

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20211957 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Malay K. Roy ◽

M. Zakir Hossain ◽

A. H. M. Tanvir Hasan Siddiquee ◽

M. Alauddin ◽

Mohammad K. Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Advanced Age ◽

Age Group ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a notable issue in senior citizens and is a burning problem worldwide. There are so many risk factors related to knee osteoarthritis but women's sex, age, and obesity are significant. The aim and objective of this study were to estimate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among women in the age group of 46 to 65 years and the effect of age and body mass index (BMI) on knee osteoarthritis.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient department (OPD) in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, a tertiary level hospital, among females of Mymensingh, a divisional city of Bangladesh in the age group of 46 to 65 years. Purposive sampling technique used to select study subjects. A total of 100 females participated in this study in one month (July 2019-August 2019).Results: 100 participants were enlisted in the study, in the age group of 46 to 55 years 39 (39%) and 56 to 65 years 61 (61%). Total 65 (65%) participants were affected with knee osteoarthritis. Among them, 19 (29.2%) participants were in the age group of 46-55 years and 46 (70.8%) participants were in the age group of 55-65 years, thus in the advanced age group, knee osteoarthritis is remarkably more. Participants affected with knee osteoarthritis with BMI ≥25 were significantly more affected 45 (69.2%) compared with participants with normal BMI 20 (30.2%).Conclusions: Knee osteoarthritis is significantly associated with advanced age and obesity. Advanced age and overweight were strongly associated with osteoarthritis in our population. Therefore, weight reduction and preventive measures can decrease the burden and will help in minimizing morbidity associated with OA.

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