scholarly journals Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Acid Esters in Bottled Drinking Water from Selected Brands in Delta State, Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Oghenekohwiroro Edjere ◽  
Albert Chukwuemeka Ibezute ◽  
Osayomwanbor Ebenezer Oghama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Phthalate Acid Esters

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers. However, they have the potential to migrate from plastic materials into the environment where they pose detrimental health impacts. Hence, they have gained wide attention. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the distribution and health risk assessment of PAEs in different bottled drinking water brands in Delta State, Southern Nigeria. Samples were collected from ten (10) bottled drinking water brands across eight (8) local government areas of the State. The 6-EPA controlled PAEs (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP and DNOP) and one uncontrolled PAEs (BEP) were investigated. The individual PAE concentrations ranged from 0.005 – 2.738 µg/L while the total concentration of PAEs in the different brands ranged from 0.023 - 4.361 µg/L. The predominant PAEs across the ten brands were DMP and BEP however DBP had the highest total concentration (4.392 μg/L) making it the main contributor to PAE levels in bottled drinking water brands. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in the concentration of PAEs detected in the different bottled drinking water brands (p˃0.05). Health risk assessment indicated little non-carcinogenic risks from five controlled PAEs and little carcinogenic risk from DEHP. Continuous monitoring is however recommended to ensure than PAE levels in bottled drinking water remain within permissible limits. Our results therefore provides important information for the understanding of the distribution and potential health risks of PAEs in different bottled drinking water brands in Delta State.

scholarly journals Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Dissolved Metal in Surface and overlying water at the the Xiangjiang River in Southern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Huang ◽  
xingru zhao ◽  
Xiaocui Qiao ◽  
Chengyou Liu ◽  
Binghui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Xiangjiang River ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Metal pollution in rivers has been a serious environmental problem in aquatic ecosystems. The Xiangjiang River is an important drinking water resource for the Hunan province of China. It is crucial to ascertain the pollution status and health risk of metal in this river. In this study, both surface and overlying water samples were collected from the Xiangjiang River and 12 dissolved metals (Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Ba) were investigated. Results: Average concentrations fell in the order of dissolved metal Mg > Mn > Ba > Fe > Zn > As > Sb > Ni > Cd > V > Cr > Co, all of which were lower than the threshold values for drinking water guidelines of China. There was no significant difference in metal concentrations between surface and overlying water. Health risk assessment shows carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As and Cd were higher than the critical value, and children are more susceptible to the health risk of dissolved metals caused by drinking ingestion. Conclusion: The water quality in this area was good overall. Metals pollution appeared more serious in the midstrean and on the southern side of the investigated area. Anthropogenic activities are the main source of heavy metals in the river. Dissolved metals have health risk to local children with hazard index (HI) > 1. While more attention should be paid to As and Cd, which had a potential carcinogenic risk to human. The results provide guidance for controlling metal pollution and protecting drinking water sources in the Xiangjiang River.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Parameters of Urban Drinking Water Quality along with Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Ardabil Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Reza Aghlmand ◽  
Saeed Rasi Nezami ◽  
Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Region

In recent years, in addition to water resources’ quantity, their quality has also received much attention. In this study, the quality of the urban water distribution network in northwestern Iran was evaluated using the water quality index (WQI) method. Then, some important trace elements were investigated, and finally, the health risk assessment was evaluated for both carcinogenic elements (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As) and non-carcinogenic elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, F, NO3, and Cu) using carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. In the present study, the WQI was calculated based on both World Health Organization (WHO) and Iranian drinking water standards. Comparing the results of these standards revealed that the WQI based on the Iranian standard was slightly higher. Regarding the calculated WQI for the study region, the status of water quality for drinking consumption is in the good water quality class (25 < WQI < 50). It was observed that Cu and Cd have the highest and lowest concentrations in all sampling points, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) results showed that the non-carcinogenic substances studied had a low risk for both adults and children (<1.0). However, the CR results showed that Ni, Cd, and As were above the desired level for both children and adults. The results of this study can be applied for efficient water management and human health protection programs in the study area.

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