scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 and Transfusion Safety : Systematic Review and Concepts Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christian Mangala ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Denis Maulot Bangola ◽  
Thérèse Nkoa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a real problem facing blood banks. This genetic diversity has a negative impact on diagnostic strategies within the transfusion chain by weakening the security of the donation. The objective of this study is to clarify the concepts emanating from the research project entitled : «Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its effect on the residual risk in blood transfusion in Gabon». Methods: This study was the result of a systematic review and a conceptual analysis of several studies that were systematically searched for in databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline), and whose object was focused on the genetic diversity of HIV -1 and its impact on transfusion safety. Indeed, the information relating to the concepts coming from the full articles was used. These were obtained by reading the most relevant articles. All relevant studies reporting data on HIV-1 genetic diversity and blood safety published in English between January 2012 and December 2020 have been identified for context. The method of conceptual analysis of « Walker and Avant (2005) » was used to clarify the different concepts of our study. The correlation test was used to show the relationship between the concepts. Results: This systematic review and conceptual analysis study made it possible to determine the variables and to clarify the different concepts (HIV-1, Genetic diversity, Blood transfusion, Residual risk) essential for carrying out our research project entitled: "Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its effect on the residual risk in blood transfusion". This model made it possible to show the effect of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 on the residual risk in blood transfusion using as model variables : viral load and serological markers (Antibodies and P24 Antigen). Knowledge of molecular strains (URF, CRF, subtypes) during this study made it possible to better identify the molecular strains most involved in the residual risk. Despite its complexity, this conceptual analysis contributed enormously to the understanding of the activities and the quantifiable and non-quantifiable components that participated in our study. Statistical analysis showed that the HIV-1 concept was significantly related to the other three concepts with P = 0.001. Likewise for the concept of genetic diversity was also significantly linked to the two other concepts with P = 0.003. Conclusion: The genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the blood transfusion environment contributes significantly to the transmission of HIV from donor to recipient. The mastery of these molecular strains is essential for the various blood banks to ensure a safe blood supply.

scholarly journals Residual Risk of HIV in African Transfusional Setting: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Christian Mangala ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Denis Maulot Bangola ◽  
Mireille Moundanga ◽  
Thérèse Nkoa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
The South ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Incident Cases

Context: The residual risk of HIV transmission is still a real problem into the transfusional settings of limited resources countries. Blood banks of African countries confront the risk of transmitting HIV to recipients. The objective of this study is to estimate the residual risk of HIV in African transfusion settings and to compare this residual risk with that of other countries in the South (developping countries). Methods: This study resulted of a systematic review with meta-analysis of data from several comprehensive studies carried out between 2011 and 2017 whose purpose was focused on the residual risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion. The studies on the residual risk were systematically searched in the different databases (PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar). The eligibility criteria were based on published studies which had blood donors as participants, looking at the residual risk of HIV in developing countries and the technique was based on the search for antibodies-P24 Antigen of the HIV or on nucleic acid (RNA) testing. Studies carried out before 2011 and after 2017 were excluded. Studies in rich countries were also excluded. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: A total of 327,278 seronegative donors (for 12 eligible studies) were admitted for this study, i.e. 75.5% of men and 24.5% of women. The median age of all donors was 30.4 years. For studies carried out in the Africa zone (Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zimbabwe), 327,278 donors were initially seronegative, of which 626 were found to be positive. Indeed, out of 742 incident cases in this study from African countries and other countries of the South, 84.4% of positive donors came from African studies and 15.6% of positive donors came from other countries of the South in this study. The residual risk (RR) of HIV in Africa has been estimated at 13 per 1,000,000 donations, with an incidence rate (IR) of 21.5 per 100,000 person-years. And in the other countries of the South (Brazil, Croatia, India, Iran, Malaysia and Pakistan), the RR of HIV has been estimated at 0.6 per 1,000,000 donations, or an incidence rate of 1.1 per 100,000 person-years. Conclusion: The residual risk of HIV in the transfusion environment is still high and still persists in blood banks in southern countries in general and in Africa in particular.

Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIDS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca F Baggaley ◽  
Marie-Claude Boily ◽  
Richard G White ◽  
Michel Alary
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Parenteral Exposure ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors and Associated Safety Challenges in Pakistan

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Hamid Ehsan ◽  
Ahsan Wahab ◽  
Muhammad Ammar Shafqat ◽  
Muhammad Khawar Sana ◽  
Farhan Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Donor Population

Introduction: The blood transfusion (BT) system in Pakistan is fragmented, demand-driven, and depends on weakly regulated transfusion practices. This is primarily a big problem in smaller cities and remote rural areas. Pakistan has one of the highest hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence worldwide, estimated around 5 & 10 million cases, respectively. There is a considerable risk that transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) may have contributed to the current epidemic of HBV & HCV, affecting 7.4 % of the general population, and potential risk of HIV transmission in the country. In this systematic review, we aim to identify the prevalence of TTIs among the blood donor population and associated safety challenges. Method & Material: We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies related to TTIs and transfusion safety in Pakistan from January 1, 2010, to January 31, 2020. A search was conducted using PubMed and PakMedinet.com (largest medical database of Pakistan); initial search retrieved 981 articles, 166 met the inclusion criteria, and after review by two independent reviewers, 33 articles met the final criteria for qualitative synthesis. Results: Analysis of 33 studies showed the seroprevalence of HBV of 2.04 % (0.81% to 4.22%), HCV of 2.44% (1.29 % to 10%), HIV of 0.038% (0% to 0.18%), syphilis of 1.1% (0.11-3.01%) and malaria of 0.11% (0.05-1.20). The rate of coinfections among blood donors varied from 0.0099% to 0.35 %. The highest number of coinfections were HCV & syphilis, followed by HCV & HBV infections. The rate of TTIs was dependent on the number of donors, donor types (replacement vs. voluntary), screening techniques used, number, and type of TTIs tested. There was a lack of universal screening for common TTIs. Syphilis and malaria were tested only 38 % & 46 % of all the blood donations. The studies with a high number of replacement donors (RDs) noted a high prevalence of TTIs of 2.5 % to 12 % compared to the studies with a high number of voluntary non-remunerated donations (VNRDs) reported TTIs rates of 1.57% to 6.2 %. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HBV & HCV in VNRDs (0.48%) compared to RDs (4.15%). The rate of VNRDs was 0.10 % to 13%. The majority of blood donations were from male donors, representing more than 70 % of all donations. The female donations varied from 0.03% to 15 % in government/public blood banks than 29 % in private sector blood banks. The HBV & HCV infections and anemia were the most common causes of blood donation deferral. The 69.5 % of donors who tested positive for TTIs in a study reported previous blood donations. The educational status of donors noted to have an association with knowledge about the risk of TTIs. Odds of having limited knowledge about TTIs (OR: 4.04, CI: 1.567-10.435, p<0.01) were greater if donors had a secondary level of education compared to those with tertiary education. 48 % of blood donors did not know about the risk of TTIs through blood transfusion. There was notification of only about 54.25 % of all donors, who tested positive for any TTIs. This was mainly due to a lack of standardized reporting and follow up systems. Conclusion: This systemic review shows a high prevalence of TTIs, especially HBV, HCV & syphilis in the blood donor population. There is a high dependency on RDs, with minimal use of healthy voluntary blood donation practices, inadequate screening of high-risk donors, repeated collections of the blood from RDs, poor quality of screening methods, and limited knowledge of donors about their health. There is a lack of widespread standardized testing and follow up of patients who tested positive on initial testing. Large prospective multicenter clinical trials are required for a better understanding of the TTIs by testing and creating a follow-up system for both blood donors and recipients. Disclosures Anwer: Incyte, Seattle Genetics, Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Celegene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals.:Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals Residual risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in five blood banks in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Elvige Geukeng Dongmo ◽  
◽  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Denis Zofou ◽  
Anna Longdoh Njunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Blood Banks

Evolution of Experimental Design and Research Techniques in HIV-1 Reservoir Studies: A Systematic Review

Aids Reviews ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-A. De-Scheerder ◽  
Bram Depelseneer ◽  
Linos Vandekerckhove ◽  
Trypsteen Wim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Hiv 1

Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 CRF55_01B in Guangdong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Guolong Yu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xuhe Huang ◽  
Pingping Zhou ◽  
Jin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Primary Drug

Background: HIV-1 CRF55_01B was first reported in 2013. At present, no report is available regarding this new clade’s polymorphisms in its functionally critical regions protease and reverse transcriptase. Objective: To identify the diversity difference in protease and reverse transcriptase between CRF55_01B and its parental clades CRF01_AE and subtype B; and to investigate CRF55_01B’s drug resistance mutations associated with the protease inhibition and reverse transcriptase inhibition. Methods: HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma derived from a MSM population. The reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification were performed following our in-house PCR procedure. Genotyping and drug resistant-associated mutations and polymorphisms were identified based on polygenetic analyses and the usage of the HIV Drug Resistance Database, respectively. Results: A total of 9.24 % of the identified CRF55_01B sequences bear the primary drug resistance. CRF55_01B contains polymorphisms I13I/V, G16E and E35D that differ from those in CRF01_AE. Among the 11 polymorphisms in the RT region, seven were statistically different from CRF01_AE’s. Another three polymorphisms, R211K (98.3%), F214L (98.3%), and V245A/E (98.3 %.), were identified in the RT region and they all were statistically different with that of the subtype B. The V179E/D mutation, responsible for 100% potential low-level drug resistance, was found in all CRF55_01B sequences. Lastly, the phylogenetic analyses demonstrated 18 distinct clusters that account for 35% of the samples. Conclusions: CRF55_01B’s pol has different genetic diversity comparing to its counterpart in CRF55_01B’s parental clades. CRF55_01B has a high primary drug resistance presence and the V179E/D mutation may confer more vulnerability to drug resistance.

Meta-Analysis and Time Series Modeling Allow a Systematic Review of Primary HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Prevalence in Latin America and Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Coelho ◽  
Ronald Moura ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
Anselmo Kamada ◽  
Rafael Guimaraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Time Series Modeling ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review on the experience of informal caregivers for people with a moderate to advanced dementia within a domestic home setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles James ◽  
Catherine Walshe ◽  
Katherine Froggatt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Search Terms

Abstract Background The knowledge about the experience of informal caregivers who provide care to people with moderate to advanced dementia in a domestic home setting is limited. A consequence of long hours of caregiving in addition to dealing with normal challenges of daily living is their experience of a poor quality of life. Some of their experiences may be described in terms of a feeling of powerlessness to make changes during care provision. This feeling may also suggest an experience of moral distress. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise qualitative evidence relating to these experiences. Methods This review adopts a narrative synthesis approach. A search will be conducted for studies written in the English language in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Academic Search Complete covering periods from 1984 to present. Included studies will be qualitative or mixed-methods designs. The search terms will be related to dementia and caregivers, and the process will be focused on dementia at the moderate to the advanced stages within the domestic home setting. Reference lists of included papers will also be searched for additional relevant citations. Search terms and strategies will be checked by two independent reviewers. The identification of abstracts and full texts of studies will be done by the author, while the quality and the risk of bias will also be checked by the two independent reviewers. Discussion Psychological distress is cited as an experience reported within informal caregiving. For the caregiver, it is associated with a negative impact on general health. To date, no synthesis exists on the specific experience of informal caregiving for people with moderate to advanced dementia within the domestic home setting. This review considers that variation of accounts contributes to how the informal caregivers’ general experience is explored in future research. This may enable gaps in current knowledge to be highlighted within the wider context of caregiving in the domestic home setting. Systematic review registration This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020183649).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document