Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) Levels in the Surface Water of Lake Sapanca, Turkey

The liquid-liquid extraction of Petroleum contaminated surface water samples were conducted in accordance with standard procedure of US EPA. Identification and quantification of TPHs was performed by Gas chromatograph with Mass spectrometric detection (GC/MSD) in accordance with standard analytical method of US EPA 8270;625. The TPHs raw sample showed an elevated value of 104762.42 mg/L above the DPR/EGASPIN maximum contamination limit (MCL). At week 5, TPHs phytoremediations in the monoculture reactors removal efficiency was (31.28 mg/L) 99.97% and mixedculture indicated (19.72 mg/L) 99.98%; their concentrations were above DPR/EGASPIN MCL while polyculture indicated (8.91 mg/L) 99.99% value was below DPR/EGASPIN MCL. The combination of phytoremediation and vermiremediation techniques in polyculture reactors showed better and spectacular results as the biotas demonstrated good potentiality of hyperbioaccumulation to serve as hydrocarbon sinks from the ecotoxics of TPHs.

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An Analytical Investigation Study of Potential Human Health Risks Caused by Petroleum-contaminated Surface Water Containing Various Toxic Heavy Metals at the Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta, Nigeria

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i230382 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Fawole Charles ◽

S. J. Salami ◽

D. A. Dashak ◽

H. A. Chimezie-Nwosu

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Analytical Investigation ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Toxic Heavy Metal ◽

Us Epa

Surface water samples were collected from the Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta using the grab samples method and were analytically investigated for petroleum contamination. The liquid-liquid extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons was carried out following standard procedures of U.S EPA 3510; 1664 method and ASTM D3695 -95(2013). The US EPA 3005A method was adopted for acid wet digestion (Aqua regia mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl in ratio 1:3) for toxic heavy metal (HMs) determination. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) was analytically identified and quantified with the representative extract (sample) using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection (GC-MSD) Agilent Technologies 7890A in adherence to the standard analytical method of U.S EPA 8270;625. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Buck Scientific 210VGP in adherence in to the manufacturer’s specifications was employed for HMs. The recorded elevated levels of the TPHs were significantly above the permissible limit of DPR/EGASPIN and HMs were also overwhelmingly above permissible limits of relevant regulatory agencies. The elevated concentrations of these contaminants of concern provided evidences of severe contamination in the study site and severe threats to environment and human health.

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Health risk indices and zooplankton-based assessment of a tropical rainforest river contaminated with iron, lead, cadmium, and chromium

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72526-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Omoregie Isibor ◽

Tunde O. Thaddeus Imoobe ◽

Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke ◽

Theophilus Aanuoluwa Adagunodo ◽

Olugbenga Samson Taiwo

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Surface Water ◽

Health Risk ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Zooplankton Community ◽

Aquatic Habitat ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Zooplankton Community Structure

Abstract Oil exploration’s devastation on health and the environment may far outweigh its economic benefits. An oil spill occurred at Egbokodo River in Delta State, Nigeria, thereby polluting the land and water bodies. The study was therefore aimed at evaluating the impacts of iron, lead, cadmium, and chromium on the zooplankton community structure of Egbokodo River and the potential health risks. Zooplankton and surface water samples were collected to investigate the concentrations of trace metals and zooplankton abundance. The associated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of the metals in the water were analyzed. Trace metal concentrations in the surface water were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (Philips model PU 9100) and zooplankton samples were collected using a hydrobios plankton net (mesh size 25 µm). Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and oil and grease (OG) were determined using Agilent 7890B gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and volumetric analysis respectively. The trend of the abundance of zooplanktons cross the river was 18 individuals (Station A) < 100 individuals (Station B) < 155 individuals (Station C). Cyclopoida proved to be the most resilient to the impacts of the oil spill. On a taxa basis, the order of abundance among Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Cladoceran, and Harpacticoida was Station C > Station B > Station A, except in Amphipoda where Station B > Station C > Station A was observed. Iron and lead posed significant carcinogenic risks that are liable to be inflicted by the ingestion of the water. The cumulative non-carcinogenic health risk in the male was the only significant (> 1) among the age groups. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), oil and grease (OG), iron, and lead had notable impacts on the general abundance of zooplankton in the aquatic habitat. The dominance of the Cyclopoida in the river buttressed the impact of the oil spill which warrants a prompt remediation measure. The pollution had notable ecological impacts on the zooplankton community structure of the aquatic habitat. The adults in the nearby human populations are liable to elicit carcinogenic health challenges associated with lead and iron ingestion. The males are at risk of non-carcinogenic illnesses which are associated with the combined toxicity effects of all the metals. The study suggests that the pollution in Egbokodo River was validated by the dominance of the Cyclopoida in the aquatic habitat. The study confers bioindicator reputation on the Cyclopoida for future biomonitoring studies.

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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contamination of the Surface Water and Sediments of Orashi River, Engenni, Ahoada West, Rivers State, Nigeria

Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences ◽

10.20448/journal.506.2021.81.68.76 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 68-76

Author(s):

Edori E S ◽

Edori O S ◽

Bekee D

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Mean Value ◽

Present Condition ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Allowable Limit ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Rivers State

The level of contamination of Orashi River by total petroleum hydrocarbons were investigated through the collection of surface water samples and sediment samples from four locations along the river. Determination of the level of contamination was done with the use of gas chromatography-flame ionization detector after following laid down clean-up procedures. The results obtained showed that total petroleum hydrocarbons in the surface water were 10.913±2.2022mg/L, 7.645±2.683mg/L, 9.074±2.1654mg/L and 12.212±3.3034mg/L for stations 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively with a mean value of 9.961±2.5885mg/L, while in the sediment samples concentration values recorded were 22.3925±5.2104mg/Kg, 35.1071±9.9652mg/Kg, 50.4431±15.9916mg/Kg and 29.3869±8.0410mg/Kg for stations 1, 2 3 and 4 respectively with a mean value of 34.3324±9.8021mg/Kg. The partition coefficient calculations revealed that the sediment phase is more stable for total petroleum hydrocarbons as compared to the water phase. The analysis of the randomly collected samples revealed that total petroleum hydrocarbons have contaminated the river and therefore adequate steps should be taken to remedy the present condition of the Orashi River in order to mitigate any probable rise in the quantity of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the river above allowable limit.

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Temporal (Monthly) Distribution and Variation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Content in the Water and Sediments from Orashi River, Engenni, Rivers State, Nigeria

Academic Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.32861/ajc.62.28.36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 28-36

Author(s):

Edori E. S. ◽

Edori O. S.

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Daily Living ◽

Sample Pretreatment ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Contamination Source ◽

Monthly Distribution ◽

Laboratory Procedures ◽

The Government ◽

Rivers State

The total petroleum hydrocarbons content of the surface water and the sediments from the Orashi River were investigated between December 2019 and June 2020 at two months intervals to find out the level of contamination of the river. The total petroleum hydrocarbons were determined by GC-FID using Agilent 5890N, after following due laboratory procedures of sample pretreatment and clean-up. The results recorded from the surface water were December, 5.844±1.231 mg/L; February, 8.767±2.501 mg/L, April, 16.886±3.157 mg/L and June, 7.271±1.110 mg/L. Variation in concentration showed that April > February > June > December. Results recorded in the sediments were December, 39.8427±13.5 mg/Kg; February, 29.5322±5.301 mg/Kg; April, 50.5040±16.813 mg/Kg and June; 16.6545±3.35 mg/Kg. The variation in concentration showed that April > December > February > June. The variations observed in of total petroleum hydrocarbons content in the river indicated that the contamination source was primarily anthropogenic. It is therefore recommended that effective measures and adequate steps be taken by the government to mitigate the effect that may result from the accumulation of the total petroleum hydrocarbons in the river and on the aquatic inhabitants and man who depends on the river for daily living.

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Efficiency and Kinetics of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) Removal from Crude Oil Polluted Arable Soil using Palm Bunch Ash and Tween 80

Chemistry Africa ◽

10.1007/s42250-020-00219-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Godwin James Udo ◽

Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong ◽

Alfreda Nwadinigwe ◽

Clement O. Obadimu ◽

Aniedi E. Nyong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Arable Soil ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Palm Bunch

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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Categories Concentration in Soils Within the Vicinity Housing Heavy-Duty Diesel Generators in Three Universities in Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria

Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews ◽

10.33140/eesrr.04.01.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Diesel Generators ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel

Total petroleum hydrocarbons pollution of soil samples randomly collected from three Nigeria Universities in Port Harcourt due to the use of heavy-duty diesel generators was studied to ascertains the level of concentration of the different hydrocarbons’ categories. The soil samples were collected at two different depths of 0.00-0.50m and 0.50-1.00m. The Universities were Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE), Rivers State University (RSU) and University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT). The different total petroleum hydrocarbons categories were Gasoline Range Organics (GRO), Diesel Range Organics (DRO) and Lube Oil Range. Soxhlet extraction method was used in extracting the samples and due column clean-up was performed for chromatographic analysis. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector was used to determine the level of concentrations of the different categories of total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that at 0.00-0.50m depth, IAUE was 4.42145, 945.4784, and 525.66919 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 494.44799 and 458.6715 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 4.40920, 501.2246 and 467.71426 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. At 0.50-1.00m depth IAUE was 2.75132, 596.35126, and 311.84451 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 298.06899 and 270.61619 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 2.77780, 301.74701 and 276.88684 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. The level of soil contamination Showed that GRO > DRO > lube oil range. The observation showed that hydrocarbon pollution decreased with increase in depth. The level of DRO and lube oil range in the studied areas exceeded the limit acceptable and therefore adequate steps should be taken to remedy the situation so that it will not pose any health hazard to the workers operating the heavy-duty generators.

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Fate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Environment

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-24035-6_3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saranya Kuppusamy ◽

Naga Raju Maddela ◽

Mallavarapu Megharaj ◽

Kadiyala Venkateswarlu

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

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