scholarly journals Teratogenicity, Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, Genotoxicity and Toxicity of Petroleum- contaminated Wastewater in Niger-Delta Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fawole Charles ◽  
S. J. Salami ◽  
D. A. Dashak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Us Epa

The chronic human health effects of the 17 US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] priority pollutants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs] were investigated and characterized in petroleum contaminated wastewater discharged indiscriminately into the surface water of Okpoka creek off the upper Bonny River estuary in the Niger-Delta. Collections and sampling were conducted under the standard specifications, ethics and protocols of U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The liquid-liquid extraction of Petroleum contaminated wastewater samples were conducted in accordance with standard procedure of US EPA. Identification and quantification of 17 PAHs were performed by Gas chromatograph with Mass spectrometric detection (GC/MSD) in accordance with standard analytical method of US EPA. The result showed presence of Naphthalene [2.6000 mg/l], Acenaphthylene [8.0000 mg/l], Acenaphthene [0.0000 mg/l], Fluorene [9.0008 mg/l], Anthracene [0.0000 mg/l], Phenanthrene [0.0000 mg/l], O-Terphenyl [5.0200 mg/l], Fluoranthene [1.1000 mg/l], Pyrene [8.0000 mg/l], Benz[a]anthracene [1.0900 mg/l], Chrysene [0.0000 mg/l], Benzo[b]fluoranthene [10.0000 mg/l], Benzo[k]fluoranthene [0.0000 mg/l], Benzo[e]pyrene [0.0000 mg/l], Dibenzo [a,h] anthracene [4.0100 mg/l], Indeno[1,2.3-cd]pyrene [9.2000 mg/l] and Benzo[g,h,i]perylene [3.0000 mg/l]. The results also indicated that some of the 17 PAHs constituents were above the PAHs World Health Organization [2003] maximum permissible limits (MPL) in drinking water (0.0020 mg/l) with 64% and 35.29% below the MPL. The low molecular weights of PAHs [LPAHs] were 40.60% and high molecular weights of PAHs [HPAHs] were 59.40%. Human teratogenic PAHs [9.09%], Human mutagenic PAHs [24.24%], Human carcinogenic PAHs [24.24%], Human genotoxic PAHs [18.18%] and other toxics [24.24%]. Thus, total PAHs concentrations gave 61.2800 mg/l of the petroleum contaminated wastewater sample.

scholarly journals MODIFIKASI PERALATAN SAMPLING HVAS PORTABEL UNMODIFIKASI PERALATAN SAMPLING HVAS PORTABEL UNTUK ANALISIS TOTAL PARTIKULAT DI UDARA AMBIENTUK ANALISIS TOTAL PARTIKULAT DI UDARA AMBIEN

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Agung Budiarto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Us Epa

High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) adalah alat pengambil sampel partikulat di udara ambien yang memiliki prinsip kerja dengan sistem vakum dengan menarik udara lingkungan sekitar melalui inlet dengan ukuran-selektif dan melalui filter berukuran 20,3 x 25,4 cm (8” x 10”) pada laju alir 1.132 liter/menit. Pada standard US-EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) sering menemui alat sampling yang digunakan memiliki bentuk yang besar (45,5” x 22,5” x 20”) dan berat sekitar 15-20 kg, sehingga timbul ide penelitian untuk membuat desain modifikasi alat pengambil sampel partikulat ambien dengan bentuk yang lebih fleksibel, ringan dan ringkas dengan menggunakan metode uji Gravimetri. Tahap awal penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi peralatan HVAS standard dan peraturan yang mengatur tentang pengujian partikulat. Kemudian merubah bentuk fisik luarnya (memperkecil) tanpa merubah fungsi yang ada didalamnya dan diuji coba bersamaan kinerjanya. Hasil uji coba diolah menggunakan statistik. Dengan menggunakan hasil identifikasi HVAS standard EPA, maka didapat desain modifikasi HVAS dengan dimensi unit utama 15,35” x 15,35” x 10” (PxLxT), kaki knockdown sepanjang 4,5” dari hollow 4x4cm sebanyak 12 buah, dan memiliki berat total sekitar 23 lbs / 10,58 kg.Keseluruhan proses pembuatan alat ini hanya memerlukan biaya sebesar Rp.11.350.000,-. HVAS modifikasi memiliki kemampuan yang tidak beda nyata dengan HVAS existing berdasarkan nilai Anova, dimana nilai P =0,985. HVAS modifikasi yang didesain telah memenuhi standard dengan bentuk lebih kecil dan lebih ringan, sehingga bisa memudahkan dalam penyimpanan dan mobilisasi pengujian sampel partikulat ambien. Berdasarkan penggunaan material untuk pembuatan HVAS modifikasi didapatkan angka yang lebih murah karena reduksi material pembentuk rangka HVAS. HVAS modifikasi dapat dipergunakan sebagai alat sampling untuk pengujian sampel partikulat di udara ambien.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) samples from Uta-ewa creek, Imo river estuary, South eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
IdopiseAbasi E Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Aquatic Resource ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Health Organization

Heavy metal (HM) contents in periwinkle from Uta Ewa creek, Imo river estuary, Southeastern Nigeria were investigated. Samples were collected from the offshore landing fisher folks during July-November 2018. HM was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer-varian model spectral AA 220. The concentration values of cadmium were ranged from 0.59 to 0.935mg/kg (mean±SD=0.68±0.13mg/kg), chromium from 0.31 to 0.82mg/kg (mean±SD=0.60±0.26mg/kg), copper from 2.02 to 2.37mg/kg (mean±SD=2.27±0.14mg/kg), iron from 1.83 to 3.03mg/kg (mean=2.36±0.51mg/kg), Pb from 0.02 to 0.22mg/kg (mean±SD=0.13±0.94mg/kg), Manganese from 1.03 to 0.22mg/kg (mean±SD=0.13±0.073mg/kg) and zinc from 1.08 to 2.29 mg/kg (mean±SD=1.70±0.50mg/kg). The results showed that concentrations of Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn were higher in periwinkle than other metals (Cu and Pb) determined, the values of which were opposed to the FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) and WHO (World Health Organization) permissible limits for ingestion of this aquatic resource. There were no significant variations recognized among the monthly accumulation of metals by the species. The results obtained from the present study revealed an evidence of the periwinkle fauna to bio-concentrate these heavy metals.

scholarly journals Studi Karakterisasi Tanah Terkontaminasi Minyak Berat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nida Sopiah ◽  
Dwindrata Basuki Aviantara
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Leaching Procedure

ABSTRACTThe study of the characteristics of hazardous and toxic waste materials from samples of heavy oil contaminated soil containing Total Petroleum-Hydrocarbon (TPH) with a range between 1 - 2%. This study aimed to evaluate the hazard category of heavily oil contaminated soil based on organoleptic test results and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Organoleptic tests carried out include explosive, igniteable, reactive (reactive) and corrosive (corrosive) and potentially toxic through TCLP. Leaching tests performed by using method based of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) SW 846-1311. Based on the results of organoleptic observations, the samples contaminated with heavy oil that were studied did not fulfill the elements that were required to be classified as hazardous waste category 1. Meanwhile, based on TCLP test results, there were 5 parameters of heavy metals (As, Be, Cd, Pb and Se) as well as 2 organohalogen parameters (Aldrin + Dieldrin, and Vinyl Chloride) whose results are inconclusive because the quality standard values are below the detection limit of the determination method for the seven parametersKeywords: Heavy oil contaminated soil, Organoleptic test, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TPH 1-2%ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan studi karakteristik limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun dari sampel tanah terkontaminasi minyak berat mengandung TPH dengan kisaran antara 1 – 2%. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kategori bahaya dari tanah yang terkontaminasi minyak berat berdasarkan data hasil uji organoleptik dan TCLP. Uji organoleptik yang dilakukan meliputi uji kemudahan meledak (explosive), menyala (igniteable), perilaku reaktif (reactive) dan korosif (corrosive) serta potensial toksik melalui uji pelindian karakteristik beracun (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure – TCLP). Uji pelindian dilakukan dengan mengacu kepada United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) SW 846-1311. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan organoleptik sampel tanah terkontaminasi minyak berat yang dikaji tidak memenuhi unsur-unsur yang menjadi persyaratan untuk digolongkan sebagai limbah B3 kategori 1, sedangkan berdasarkan hasil uji TCLP, terdapat 5 parameter logam berat (As, Be, Cd, Pb dan Se) serta 2 parameter organohalogen (Aldrin + Dieldrin, dan Vinyl Chloride) yang hasilnya adalah inconclusive dikarenakan nilai baku mutunya berada di bawah limit deteksi dari metode penetapan untuk ketujuh parameter tersebut. Kata kunci: Tanah terkontaminasi minyak berat, TPH 1-2%, uji organoleptik, uji pelindian karakterisitik beracun 

scholarly journals Hungarian indoor air quality study

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid László Tárnoki ◽  
Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki ◽  
Andrew Hyland ◽  
Mark J. Travers ◽  
Katharine Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Quality Study ◽  
Health Organization

Célunk az volt, hogy összehasonlítsuk a dohányzó és nemdohányzó beltéri közösségi helyek légszennyezettségszintjét Magyarországon. Itthon még nem készült ilyen tanulmány. Módszer: TSI SidePak AM510 Personal aerosolmonitorral mértük a 2,5 mikrométer átmérőnél kisebb részecskék (PM 2,5 ) koncentrációját 6 kocsma, 5 étterem, 11 kávézó és 20 egyéb helyiség környezeti levegőjében Budapesten és Zalakaroson 2008. január és augusztus között. Eredmények: Azon a 26 helyen, ahol dohányoztak, az átlag-PM 2,5 -szint 102,3 μg/m 3 (tartomány: 3–487 μg/m 3 ); a nemdohányzó 16 hely átlagértéke pedig 5,1 μg/m 3 (tartomány: 0–28 μg/m 3 ) volt. Következtetések: A magyarországi dohányzó beltéri közösségi helyeken a mért kisméretű részecske koncentrációja 18-szor volt magasabb, mint azokon a helyeken, ahol nem dohányoztak. Közel minden esetben a mért értékek túllépték az Egészségügyi Világszervezet (World Health Organization) és a US Environmental Protection Agency által az emberi egészségre károsnak tartott tartományt.

scholarly journals Biochemical Effects of the Toxic Interaction of Copper, Lead and Cadmium on Clarias gariepinus

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Adunni Ubani-Rex ◽  
Joseph Kayode Saliu ◽  
Taiwo Hassan Bello
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Biochemical Effects

Background. The presence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is a concern because of potential toxicity and threats to plant and animal life. Objective. The present study evaluated the joint action toxicity and biochemical effects of sublethal concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) against Clarias gariepinus over a period of 28 days. Methods. We procured fingerlings (weight: 5–8 g; length: 4.5–6.0 cm) and juveniles (weight: 20–25 g; length: 14.5–17.5 cm) from a commercial fish farm in Bariga, Lagos state, Nigeria. Test toxicants were selected from the analyzed heavy metals in the field based on their deviation from World Health Organization, Federal Environmental Protection Agency and United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Fish were randomly loaded into a 4-L glass aquaria for the bioassay per toxicant concentration of two replicates and untreated control (dechlorinated tap water). Results. The derived 96 hour lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value of Cu (2.11 mg/L) was the most toxic followed by Cd (24.18 mg/L) and Pb (34.48 mg/L), which was the least toxic of the singly tested pollutants. The analysis of dose-response data of the joint action toxicity of Cu and Cd, and Cu and Pb determined 96 hour LC50 values of 1.804 mg/L and 2.15 mg/L, respectively. The interactions between the mixture of Cu:Cd conformed with the model of synergism (synergistic ratio (SR)>1 and relative toxic units (RTU)>1), while the interaction between Cu:Pb was found to be antagonistic (SR<1), with an SR value of 0.98. The biochemical effects study revealed that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the exposed fish, reduced glutathione was not significant at (P<0.05), and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glucose and cholesterol were significantly different (P<0.05). Discussion. The observed increased in the glutathione level in the Cu:Cd mixture and a corresponding decrease in MDA concentration in the liver of test animals revealed the ability of fish to overcome the effects of lipid peroxidation in this group because the Cu ion is displaced by Cd, and the fish were able to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction. Conclusions. Further studies on the joint action toxicity of heavy metals are needed in order to further determine their concentration in the local environment. Ethics Approval. Study protocols were approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the University of Lagos. Competing Interests. The authors declare no financial competing interests

scholarly journals Model Analisis Risiko Bencana Transportasi Bahan Beracun dan Berbahaya Industri di Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Prihartanto Prihartanto ◽  
Akhmadi Puguh Raharjo ◽  
Qoriatu Zahro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Vapor Explosions

ABSTRACTPulo Ampel Industrial Zone in Serang Regency is an industrial zone with a high level of threat from a technological hazard. One possible route this threat can be manifested is in the form of explosion potential from the storage and transport tanks of toxic and dangerous materials e.g. Ethylene and Butadiene gases. Within the framework of disaster risk reduction, disaster risk analysis is carried out which includes the analysis of threats and vulnerabilities along the path of transport of these hazardous materials. To determine the level of explosion hazard, due to the occurrence of transportation accidents, modeling using ALOHA® (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) software, which was developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), was carried out. The model used in this study was the BLEVEs (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions) scenario during gas transportation using ISO Tank, which represents the worse possible scenario. Meanwhile, disaster vulnerability analysis is calculated based on social vulnerability aspect which includes population density and vulnerable group parameters by utilizing the scoring method in accordance to Head of BNPB Decree No.2 of 2012. Based on the hazard and vulnerability level, disaster risk maps are obtained along the Ethylene and Butadiene transport lines covering the information related to the area of the explosion which intersected with population settlement in Serang Regency, Banten Province.Keywords: risk reduction, trasportation, hazardous materials, vulnerabilities, explotionABSTRAKZona Industri Pulo Ampel di Kabupaten Serang merupakan zona industri dengan ancaman bencana kegagalan teknologi yang relatif tinggi. Ancaman bahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan diantaranya berupa potensi ledakan dari tangki-tangki penyimpanan maupun tangki transportasi bahan  berbahaya dan beracun (B3) terutama gas Etilena maupun Butadiena. Dalam rangka pengurangan risiko bencana, maka dilakukanlah analisis risiko bencana terhadap tangki transportasi B3 yang meliputi analisis ancaman dan kerentanan di sepanjang jalur transportasi B3 tersebut. Untuk menentukan salah satu tingkat bahaya yang berupa ledakan akibat kecelakaan transportasi gas dilakukanlah pemodelan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak modeling ALOHA® (Areal Locations Of Hazardous Atmospheres) yang dikembangkan oleh United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Model yang digunakan di dalam kajian ini menggunakan skenario ledakan terburuk berupa skenario BLEVEs (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions) pada saat transportasi gas menggunakan ISO Tank. Sementara analisis kerentanan bencana dihitung berdasarkan aspek kerentanan sosial yang meliputi parameter kepadatan penduduk dan kelompok rentan dengan menggunakan metode skoring sesuai Perka BNPB No. 2 Tahun 2012. Berdasarkan tingkat bahaya dan kerentanan tersebut diperolehlah peta risiko bencana di sepanjang jalur transportasi gas Etilena dan Butadiena yang meliputi informasi terkait luas area permukiman penduduk terdampak ledakan di Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten.Kata kunci: pengurangan risiko, transportasi, bahan beracun dan berbahaya, kerentanan, ledakan

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