Photooxidation of Heavy Crude Oil Spilled in Tropical Soil

Photooxidation was an important weathering process for spilled oil at the on tropical soil following a heavy crude oil spill, leading to the rapid formation of polar or oxygenated hydrocarbons, little is known photo-oxidation of hydrocarbons in soils. This study described the effect of solar radiation on heavy crude oil contaminated tropical soil. Physicochemical parameter of heavy crude oil showed the following values; API was 21.9, which was within the range of heavy crude oil, the density of the heavy crude was 0.8952 g/cm3. We examined the effect of ultraviolet light on crude oil using gas chromatography method for day 0, 14, 28 and 42. The results show a remarkable reduction in the total petroleum hydrocarbon [4664.56 mg/l to 1548.85 mg/kg] and poly aromatic hydrocarbon content of heavy crude oil [37.44 mg/kg to 2.12 mg/kg] from day zero to day 42. The saturated compounds was resistant, but the aromatic compounds were particularly sensitive to photo oxidation. This study provides quantitative measures of oil degradation under relevant field conditions, and improves our understanding of the role of sunlight on the fate of spilled oil on natural soil biota.

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Separation and identification of porphyrin biomarkers from a heavy crude oil Zaap-1 offshore well, Sonda de Campeche, México

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1142/s108842461450028x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (07) ◽

pp. 542-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marcela Espinosa ◽

Ubaldo S. Pacheco ◽

Florentino Leyte ◽

Ruben Ocampo

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

High Performance ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Crude Oils ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Main Series ◽

Heavy Crude ◽

Series Type ◽

Liquid Chromatography Method

The task to isolate metalloporphyrin compounds from crude oils is difficult, especially from reservoirs; the existence of well-known complexes homologous series type etioporphyrin (E), deoxophyloerythroetioporphyrin (DPEP), tetrahydrobenzodeoxoerythroetioporpyrin (THBD), benzoetio- porphyrin(BE) and benzodeoxoerythroetioporphyrin (BD) of vanadyl and nickel porphyrins, compounds found in crude oils around the world makes it hard. This includes natural porphyrins found in Mexican crude oils such as Ixtal-101, Zaap-1 and Ceh-1 from Sonda de Campeche, México, were the vanadyl porphyrins mixtures of the main series Etio and DPEP have also been reported elsewhere [14]. The objective of this investigation was to isolate porphyrins isomers from a single heavy crude oil from the Sonda de Campeche area, in México, and is based on the modified reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method (RP-HPLC) [9, 11, 12]. Forty vanadyl porphyrin isomers, such as nickel porphyrin complexes were successfully isolated for the first time from heavy crude oil Zaap-1, through an exhaustive work which included a process of demetallization of vanadyl porphyrins to transmetallization to nickel porphyrins, in agreement with other methods [9, 11, 12, 14]. Further purification was achieved by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with small glass chromatographic columns, packed with silica gel; then the purified isomers were analyzed and identified by electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), providing the following results: from the Etio series seven isomers C 27 E , C 28 E , C 29 E , C 30 E , C 31 E , C 32 E , C 33 E were identified. From DPEP series six isomers C 29 D , C 30 D , C 31 D , C 32 D , C 33 D , C 34 D were identified; from the BD series it was identified only 1 isomer of vanadyl from BD.

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