scholarly journals Maternal Obesity and Its Adverse Effect on Maternal and Fetal Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Zahraa M. Lutfy ◽  
Ayman S. Dawood ◽  
Adel E. Al Gergawy ◽  
Mustafa Z. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate obesity as one of the most important global health threats. The epidemic is especially pronounced in women of reproductive age. Prepregnancy obesity is an independent risk factor for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The origin of this epidemic is unhealthy lifestyle – high energy and high-fat diet and physical inactivity. During periconceptual period and pregnancy, the composition of a woman’s diet is of particular importance, as it may influence the pregnancy, the delivery and the health of the mother and the infant later on, so an excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is not recommended. The aim of our study is to clarify the complications related to excess prepregnancy body weight on maternal and fetal health. Methods: Hundred obese pregnant women with BMI (30-40 Kg/m2) measured at first trimester were prospectively enrolled into this study. Routine blood pressures, random blood sugar measuring and ultrasonographic follow up are required during pregnancy for early detection of any complications related to maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Results: cases statistically evaluated in these study were 100 pregnant females with mean age 27.34 years + 5 years SD and mean BMI 32.97 Kg/m2 + 2.92 Kg/m2 SD. Denoting in our study, the effect of maternal obesity om maternal and fetal health. Conclusion: A causal relationship between the prepregnancy BMI and obstetric complications is proven. Weight management is important for every women of reproductive age. Thus, medical Practice must consider these complications by providing early detection and management to improve both maternal and neonatal outcome.

scholarly journals Impact of maternal obesity on pregnancy course and maternal and perinatal complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Milan Lacković
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

 The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related health problems is increasing worldwide, especially among woman and man of reproductive age and obesity is designated as one of the most important global health threats in 21st century.  Pregnancy in obese woman is considered as a high-risk pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are distinct risk factors with differing associated adverse outcomes, but they could also carry a cumulative negative impact on pregnancy course. Pre-pregnancy obesity is the anthropometric parameter most strongly correlated with perinatal complications. Maternal complications following obesity include antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications, such as pregnancy related hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, venous thromboembolism, labor dystocia, labor induction, instrumental and cesarean delivery. Fetal complications related to maternal obesity might include increased prevalence of congenital anomalies, growth abnormalities, prematurity and stillbirth. Pre- pregnancy overweight and obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor compromising pregnancy outcome. Among all complications that might arise during pregnancy and that could not be predicted and therefore prevented, pre- pregnancy overweight and obesity management control can significantly reduce potential pregnancy complications. Pre-conceptual counseling should provide in a timely manner awareness of this arising medical condition and provide risk reduction of complications following pre- pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG  obesity, pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, pregnancy risk factors, pregnancy complications  

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain on Maternal and Child Gastrointestinal Microbiome Composition: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Dreisbach ◽  
Stephanie Prescott ◽  
Jeanne Alhusen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Background: Maternal obesity is a well-known risk factor for significant obstetric and neonatal complications. The influence of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the setting of maternal obesity during pregnancy is less understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the literature on the relationships between maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and the composition of maternal and child gastrointestinal microbiomes. Method: We searched CINHAL, OVID Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed for relevant literature using medical subject heading terms related to obesity, pregnancy, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. We assessed 249 articles for potential inclusion using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses framework and deemed 11 articles as relevant for this review. Results: Maternal obesity was associated with significant microbial changes in both maternal and infant fecal microbiome biospecimens including increases in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and the Actinobacteria phyla and decreases in Bifidobacteria. However, inconsistencies in uniform taxonomic results across all studies mean that evidence of specific microbial associations with obesity and EGWG is inconclusive. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both maternal and child gastrointestinal microbiome composition is altered in the setting of maternal obesity and EGWG during pregnancy. Future microbiome studies should concentrate on the investigation of metagenomic sequencing to elucidate microbial function rather than solely taxonomic composition. More diverse populations of mothers should be sampled to address health disparities and adverse outcomes of underrepresented populations. Finally, analytic pipelines should be standardized across studies to aid in reproducibility.

scholarly journals Maternal nutritional status, a sine qua non condition for fetal, neonatal, child’s and adult’s outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Cosmin Rugina ◽  
◽  
Cristina Oana Marginean ◽  
Lorena Elena Melit ◽  
Claudiu Marginean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Excessive gestational weight gain is a predictive factor for maternal obesity, with implications on newborn’s weight and potential short- and long-term complications. Gestational weight gain depends on ethnic and social factors, as well as on parity. Excepting the aforementioned factors, we must also recall the major impact of the genetic susceptibility being pointed out that three essential periods influence fetal evolution, i.e. periconceptional, intrauterine and postnatal. The intrauterine environment owns an essential role in the optimal development of fetus with an effect on the offspring’s organ structure and functions, being currently assumed that adulthood pathologies originate in the perinatal period. Thus, the relationship between excessive gestational weight gain and child’s obesity or metabolic disorders is well documented. Moreover, recent information from the literature suggests that child’s allergies, wheezing or asthma might also be related to maternal nutritional status. To sum up, excessive gestational weight gain owns a decisive role in the development of child’s obesity and metabolic disorders imposing the major importance of a balanced diet during pregnancy in order to favor an optimal weight gain with a positive effect on fetal wellbeing that will further prevent the offspring’s metabolic risk.

scholarly journals Association Between Maternal Body Mass and Physical Activity Counseling During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly Ruart ◽  
Stéphane Sinnapah ◽  
Olivier Hue ◽  
Eustase Janky ◽  
Sophie Antoine-Jonville
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Problem ◽  
Weight Problems

Aims: The antenatal period provides an important opportunity for giving advice on healthy lifestyle choices. However, the prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing, and women report that they do not receive counseling. We investigated the information given to pregnant women on gestational weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy in relation with their initial weight status, current gestational weight gain and diagnoses of either pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity or excessive gestational weight gain.Methods: Cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire. Pregnant participants (n = 141) were recruited from a midwife center. They completed a structured questionnaire on the information they received during their pregnancy and we assessed its relationship with their weight.Results: We found that many pregnant women did not receive advice about physical activity, gestational weight gain and nutrition (37.5, 53.2, and 66.2%, respectively). Women with weight problems (pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain) were less targeted for counseling, although more than 80% of the women viewed receiving information on these topics as positive. Also, being informed of a weight problem was associated with a greater chance of receiving information about physical activity, gestational weight gain and nutrition (all p < 0.05). However, verbalization of the weight problems was low (14.0% of women with pre-pregnancy overweight were informed of their status).Conclusion: Health professionals should dispense more information, especially on PA and particularly for women with weight problems. Verbalization of the weight problem seems associated with more frequent transmission of information.

A Study to Assess the Effect of Maternal Obesity on Pregnancy Outcome in a Tertiary Medical Centre of South Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 2784-2789
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Aishwarya ◽  
Arshi Praveen ◽  
Vineeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

BACKGROUND World health organization (WHO) declares obesity as a pandemic issue, having high prevalence in females, especially in the childbearing age than in males. Pregnancies complicated by obesity has been identified as early as 1945. Prepregnancy obesity endangers both maternal and fetal well-being. Increasing body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes. Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are parts of maternal obesity during pregnancy. Prenatal maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain also improve placental nutrition transfer to the developing foetus and foetal development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between early pregnancy BMI and maternal complications as well as labour outcome. METHODS A prospective observational study comprising 250 antenatal women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies, booked at Narayan Hospital, Rohtas, South Bihar within the first 12 weeks of gestation were selected for the study. The following inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. With the help of a predesigned questionnaire, basic information including weight and height was collected in the first check up and BMI was calculated accordingly. BMI was calculated using the formula weight (kg)/height 2 (m2). RESULTS The mean age of mothers was 25.98 ± 3.92 years. Mothers who underwent caesarean section had BMI of 27.36 ± 5.768 and for normal vaginal delivery mothers it was 27.94 ± 6.076, whereas for mother who had undergone forceps delivery, BMI was 30.60 ± 3.864 whereas for other assisted vaginal delivery it was 29.75 ± 7.246. There is mild correlation of BMI of mother to the birth weight of baby. On applying regression analysis, we found mild correlation with R square 0.134. There was no correlation of BMI of mother to the hospital stay of their children. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that however statistically there is no significant association between obesity and numerous maternal and perinatal risks in obese pregnant women but it poses a considerable challenge to the obese patient in successful completion of pregnancy. KEYWORDS Obesity, BMI, Pregnancy Outcome, NICU, Mode of Delivery

Effects of maternal obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and fetal macrosomia on the frequency of cesarean deliveries among migrant and non-migrant women – a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Breckenkamp ◽  
Oliver Razum ◽  
Wolfgang Henrich ◽  
Theda Borde ◽  
Matthias David
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries

Abstract Background Maternal obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and fetal macrosomia may affect the health of the mother and the newborn, and are associated with cesarean delivery. Pregnant women with a migration background have a higher risk of obesity but nevertheless a lower frequency of cesarean deliveries than women from the majority population. This study assesses which of these factors most influence the risk of a cesarean delivery and whether their prevalence can explain the lower cesarean rates in migrant women. Methods A total of 2256 migrant women and 2241 non-immigrant women subsequently delivering in three hospitals of Berlin/Germany participated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and macrosomia on cesarean delivery. Standardized coefficients (STB) were used to rank the predictors. Results Obesity was more frequent in immigrant than among non-immigrant women. The mean gestational weight gain was independent of migration status. The frequency of macrosomia increased with maternal weight. Obesity and excessive gestational weight gain were the most important predictors of cesarean besides older age; fetal macrosomia played a much smaller role. Despite similar distributions of the three risk factors, the frequency of cesarean deliveries was lower in migrant than in non-immigrant women. Conclusion The presence of obesity and/or excessive gestational weight gain is associated with an increased risk of a cesarean delivery; fetal macrosomia does not increase the risk when obesity and weight gain are considered. The distribution of these risk factors is similar in migrant and non-immigrant women, so they cannot explain the lower frequency of cesarean deliveries in migrant women.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in a Healthy, Nulliparous Cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Restall ◽  
Rennae S. Taylor ◽  
John M. D. Thompson ◽  
Deralie Flower ◽  
Gustaaf A. Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Objective. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes and contributes to obesity in women. Our aim was to identify early pregnancy factors associated with excessive GWG, in a contemporary nulliparous cohort.Methods. Participants in the SCOPE study were classified into GWG categories (“not excessive” versus “excessive”) based on pregravid body mass index (BMI) using 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Maternal characteristics and pregnancy risk factors at 14–16 weeks were compared between categories and multivariable analysis controlled for confounding factors.Results. Of 1950 women, 17% gained weight within the recommended range, 74% had excessive and 9% inadequate GWG. Women with excessive GWG were more likely to be overweight (adjOR 2.9 (95% CI 2.2–3.8)) or obese (adjOR 2.5 (95% CI 1.8–3.5)) before pregnancy compared to women with a normal BMI. Other factors independently associated with excessive GWG included recruitment in Ireland, younger maternal age, increasing maternal birthweight, cessation of smoking by 14–16 weeks, increased nightly sleep duration, high seafood diet, recent immigrant, limiting behaviour, and decreasing exercise by 14–16 weeks. Fertility treatment was protective.Conclusions. Identification of potentially modifiable risk factors for excessive GWG provides opportunities for intervention studies to improve pregnancy outcome and prevent maternal obesity.

scholarly journals Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Subsequent Maternal Obesity at Age 40: A Hypothetical Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Abrams ◽  
Jeremy Coyle ◽  
Alison K. Cohen ◽  
Irene Headen ◽  
Alan Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

scholarly journals Influence of high energy diet and polygenic predisposition for obesity on postpartum health in rat dams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Leuthardt ◽  
Julia Bayer ◽  
Josep M. Monné Rodriguez ◽  
Christina N. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity

AbstractIt is estimated that 30% of pregnant women worldwide are overweight or obese, which leads to adverse health effects for both the mother and child. Women with obesity during pregnancy are at higher risk for developing both metabolic and mental disorders, such as diabetes and depression. Numerous studies have used rodent models of maternal obesity to understand its consequences on the offspring, yet characterization of changes in the dams is rare, and most rodent models rely solely on a high fat diet to induce maternal obesity, without regarding genetic propensity for obesity. Here we present the influence of both peripartum high energy diet (HE) and obesity-proneness on maternal health using selectively-bred diet-resistant (DR) and diet-induced obese (DIO) rat dams. Outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and bred according to their propensity to gain weight. From F1 onward, dams consuming a HE diet displayed higher body weight gain during pregnancy, and HE diet had a strong effect on meal patterns. Sensitivity to the hormone amylin was preserved during pregnancy, regardless of diet. After several rounds of selective breeding, dams from generation F3 were assessed for their postpartum physiology and behaviors. We observed strong diet and phenotype effects on gestational weight gain, with DIO-HE dams gaining 119% more weight than DR-chow. A high-resolution analysis of maternal behaviors on postpartum day 2 (P2) did not detect main effects of diet or phenotype, but a subset of DIO dams showed decreased pup-related behaviors. During a sucrose preference test (SPT) on P14, all DR dams consumed at least 70% sucrose, while a subset of DIO dams preferred water. In generation F6/F7 dams, effects on gestational weight gain persisted, and we observed a main effect of phenotype of SPT, with DIO-chow dams showing the lowest sucrose preference. Both DIO and DR dams consuming HE diet had severe postpartum liver lipidosis and exhibited reduced leptin sensitivity in the arcuate nucleus at the time of pup-weaning. These data demonstrate that both diet and genetic obesity-proneness have consequences on maternal health.

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