scholarly journals Novel Characterizations of the JK Bistables (Flip Flops)

Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad Ali Rushdi ◽  
Fares Ahmad Muhammad Ghaleb

The JK flip flop is a flexible type of bistable elements that has extensive uses in digital electronics and control circuits. It is usually described by its characteristic equation or next-state table (used for analysis purposes) and its excitation table (used for synthesis purposes). This paper explores a variety of novel characterizations of JK flip flops. First, equational and implicational descriptions are presented, and methods of logic deduction are utilized to produce complete statements of all propositions that are true for a general JK flip flop. Next, methods of Boolean-equation solving are employed to find all possible ways to express the excitations in terms of the present state and next state. The concept of Boolean quotient is used to impose certain requirements so as to find particularly useful expressions of the excitations. Relations of JK flip flops to other types of flip flops are also explored. This paper is expected to provide an immediate pedagogical benefit, and to help facilitate the analysis and synthesis of sequential digital circuits.

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad Rushdi Ali Muhammad Rushdi

Modern digital circuits, especially those based on large-scale integration devices employ DE flip flops, which are an extension of the D type with the capacity to store an input value only upon request or enabling. The DE flip flop could possibly be described algebraically by its characteristic equation or tabularly by its next-state table (used for analysis purposes) and its excitation table (used for synthesis purposes). This paper explores two novel characterizations of DE flip flops. First, equational and implicational descriptions are presented, and the Modern Syllogistic Method is utilized to produce complete statements of all propositions that are true for a general DE flip flop. Next, methods of Boolean-equation solving are employed to find all possible ways to express the excitations in terms of the present state and next state. The concept of Boolean quotient plays a crucial role in exposing the pertinent concepts and implementing the various desired derivations. This paper is expected to be of an immediate pedagogical benefit, and to facilitate the analysis and synthesis of contemporary sequential digital circuits.


Sutet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal

Push-On switches or toggle switches and mechanical relays are mechanical contacts made of metal which, when supplied with electric current, will result in a spike of electrical sparks, called Bouncing Effects. Bounce effects are often a problem in digital circuits, especially in digital electronics circuits, because these Bounce Effects will cause the value of data or signals coming into the circuit inaccurate or indeterminate, when the mechanical switch is pressed as input data. This will undoubtedly lead to undesirable conditions and must be overcome with an electronic circuit called De-Bounce for the data or input signal to be more certain.


2019 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kalinin

Introduction The amount of capital that individual, corporate and institutional investors are willing to invest in certain assets is increasing every year. This leads to a revitalization of entrepreneurial activity and growth of the economy as a whole. It is also very active in creating certain disparities in the distribution of investment flows at the cross-sectoral level. There are industries that perceive investors more positively, and other industries perceive less positively. Among these industries, and even more types of businesses, are diversified companies or conglomerates that are perceived by investors as a chaotic set of assets that management is unable to manage effectively. Purpose The purpose of this article is to study the global trends in managing strategies for competitive advantage in the capital market by diversified enterprises. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of management and planning the choice of growth strategy for diversified enterprises; to analyze the systems of strategic management of investment marketing for diversified companies; develop solutions to improve the marketing management system for various companies in the context of attracting investment. Method (methodology) In the course of the research, the following general scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis, grouping and systematization of revealing the essence of investment marketing, its structure, principles of its formation, development of the concept of diagnostics of efficiency of investor attraction systems and control of this process; induction and deduction - to summarize the theoretical aspects of the peculiarities of the formation of the structure of investment marketing; statistical and economic - to evaluate the investment attractiveness of a diversified enterprise. Results It was suggested to the conglomerate companies to distance their company brand from its subsidiaries as much as possible so that there was no problem in identifying the main focus of the conglomerate's business activity. For the analysis of companies that should be considered for placement of their own and borrowed funds by conglomerates and to demonstrate this investment policy, investors can distinguish the following areas of analysis of potential companies: whether the leadership of a company in a particular segment can lead to the possibility of controlling the pricing of goods or / or company services; whether it is possible to create a competitive business through the attraction of additional investment opportunities. Thus, solving the problem of finances, and more precisely the ability to run a business for a certain time, can bring to positive indicators of profit and return on invested capital; the impact on the aggregate industry reserve of profits, which makes it possible to receive more profit from the industry of related fields from consumers than competitors can, thus ensuring long-term competitiveness. Also regarding the display of client base of goods and services that we can distinguish for investors is: demonstrating the presence of privileged clients; the existence of diversified profit strategies; availability of special copy - protected goods and business models; the presence of unique and difficult to copy distribution and communication channels; the presence of barriers to competitors (patents. Brand, licensing, large investments in market entry, etc.).


1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Lewin ◽  
S.A. Carne ◽  
N.F.C. de Rivaz ◽  
R.E.G. Hall ◽  
K.J. McKelvey ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTThe paper surveys the present state of knowledge about the appraisal and control of capital projects, and identifies the useful contribution which actuaries can make to the process.Relevant theoretical considerations are discussed, including the choice of appropriate discount rates for use by companies when screening proposals. It is recommended that discount rates should be lower than those commonly used. Some practical working methods are summarised and examples are given of how risk analysis can be carried out, for both simple and complex appraisals. Attention is drawn to the special ‘social’ considerations which may apply in the case of Government projects. The opportunities now opening up for joint ventures between the UK Government and private sector partners are examined, and it is concluded that proper sharing of costs and risks can facilitate arrangements which are acceptable to both sides.The paper concludes with a discussion of the procedures which companies can use to identify, appraise, control and monitor projects.


1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
N. Komaroff

A method to evaluate the performance of dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations is presented. It is based on averaging functions describing system behaviour (e.g. velocities) over prescribed domains (e.g. surfaces) in phase space. Quantitative measures of motion are introduced to indicate e.g. how oscillatory or how monotone would be the response following a disturbance. Examples demonstrate how these measures serve as new design specifications whose role is to define, compare and control system performance in a more comprehensive manner. Another application of the work is to qualitative studies in both the analysis and synthesis contexts.


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