scholarly journals Gender Differences in Prescribing Antihypertensive Drugs in a Public Hospital in Alkharj

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed ◽  
Menshawy A. Menshawy ◽  
Ziyad S. Almalki
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Angiotensin Receptors ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Prescribing Trends

Introduction: Hypertension is considered one of the most significant risk factors for mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are major clinical implications for gender-specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It is important to know the potential gender differences in hypertension treatment and to know the prescribing trends in male and female hypertensive patients in order to optimize the treatment of hypertension. Aim: This is a retrospective study that aims to describe the difference in prescribing antihypertensive drugs between male and female patients. Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes the revision of patient electronic records of outpatients with hypertension in 2018 in Alkharj. Results: The total number of prescribed antihypertensive drugs was 1838 drugs. The calcium channel blocker was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive class (27.86%). The study showed that there are different patterns of antihypertensive drug use among hypertensive men and women and showed that female patients are more frequently treated with diuretics and less frequently with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptors blockers than male patients. Conclusion: Stratified guidelines and policies based on gender will be appropriate if more studies show a difference in the efficacy and safety of antihypertensive drugs between male and female patients. It is important to conduct more studies about these differences.

scholarly journals Clinical and autoantibody profile in male and female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A retrospective study in 603 Brazilian patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Natália Teixeira De Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Nícolas Gomes Silva ◽  
Thiago A.F. Gomes Dos Santos ◽  
Renato Nisihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Autoantibody Profile

Trends and pattern of the utilization of cardiovascular medicines in Lithuania in 2003–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Ingrida Lisauskienė ◽  
Kristina Garuolienė ◽  
Jolanta Gulbinovič
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Lipid Modifying Agents

Background. Despite the wide use of cardiovascular (CV) drugs, CV diseases are still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Analysis of drug utilization gives a possibility to evaluate effectiveness of interventions. Materials and methods. The aim of the study was to evaluate CV medicines consumption in Lithuania in 2003–2012. Data was retrieved from the SVEIDRA database of the National Health Insurance Fund. Utilization of the following groups of CVM (ATC group C) was analyzed: C02 – antihypertensive drugs, C03 – diuretics, C07 – beta blocking agents (BBs), C08 – calcium channel blockers (CCBs), C09 – agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system, C10 – lipid modifying agents. ATC/DDD methodology was used. Data was expressed as a number of DDD per 1  000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID). Results. Consumption of CVM went from 134.5 DDD/TID in 2003 to 352.2 in 2012. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) were the most consumed ones (66–114.8 DDD/TID), followed by CCBs (19.4–38.8 DDD/TID) and BBs (12.5–52.6 DDD/TID).There was high consumption of antihypertensives (4.7–23.9 DDD) and low consumption of diuretics (9.4–16.9 DDD/TID) and lipid modyfing agents (0.4–7.4 DDD/TID). Increasing utilization was noticed in the angiotensin II antagonist (ARBs) group (42 DDD/TID), ACEI combinations (38.6 DDD/TID) and ARBs combinations (12.9 DDD/TID) in 2012. Conclusions. Utilization of CV medicines increased in Lithuania in 2003–2012. ACEI held the first position. An extremely low utilization of lipid modifying agents, diuretics and high consumption of alpha-receptor blockers showed the need of actions on changing the prescribing pattern of CV drugs.

scholarly journals The Effects of Gender Differences in Patients with Depression on Their Emotional Working Memory and Emotional Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Li ◽  
Shengfu Lu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Ning Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Mood Congruence ◽  
Male Patients

A large amount of research has been conducted on the effects of sex hormones on gender differences in patients with depression, yet research on cognitive differences between male and female patients with depression is insufficient. This study uses emotion pictures to investigate the differences of the emotional working memory ability and emotional experience in male and female patients with depression. Despite identifying that the working memory of patients with depression is impaired, our study found no significant gender differences in emotional working memory. Moreover, the research results revealed that memory effects of mood congruence are produced in both men and women, which may explain why the depression state can be maintained. Furthermore, female patients have more emotional experiences than male patients, which is particularly significant in terms of negative emotional experiences. This result provides cognitive evidence to explain why women suffer from longer terms of depression, are more susceptible to relapse, and can more easily suffer from major depressive disorder in the future.

Gender Differences in Mortality and Morbidity Patterns in Popular Musicians Across the Lifespan

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Dianna T Kenny ◽  
Anthony Asher
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Recent studies have highlighted the disturbing morbidity and early mortality of popular musicians. Most of the studies have focused on male musicians because, until recently, there were relatively few female popular musicians on which to base a population study. With the sharp increase in female popular musicians from fewer than 2% in the 1950s to 32% in the current decade, researchers are better able to examine the health status and mortality profile of female popular musicians. To this end, this paper makes what we believe is the first detailed analysis of mortality and morbidity in female popular musicians. Mortality patterns were similar for male and female musicians, and both were highly discrepant from population curves. Examination of death rates for younger (<45 yrs) and older (>45 yrs) musicians by sex and genre showed that violent deaths continued to dominate cause of death even in older musicians, accounting for 20% of all deaths, a figure three times higher than for a comparable general population. Unlike females in the general population, female gender did not bestow any protection against early death or manner of death by suicide, homicide, or accident compared with male popular musicians.

scholarly journals Patterns of antihypertensive Drug Utilization among the Cardiologists of Bangladesh in Initiating Hypertension Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
AAS Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Moderate Hypertension ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Background: Cardiologists play the major role in the management of hypertension in Bangladesh. Different classes of antihypertensive drugs are being used by the cardiologists in initiating hypertension treatment depending on the age and gender of the patient, severity of hypertension and associated diseases. However, there is no particular study to evaluate the patterns of the utilization of these antihypertensive drugs. Again, it is very important to use the right antihypertensive drug for the right patient to move further ahead in the management of hypertension. Hence, the current use of antihypertensive drugs in initiating hypertension treatment was analyzed. Methods: This was a nationwide survey with a participation of 196 cardiologists. Individual opinions from these cardiologists were collected through a questionnaire asking which antihypertensive they use most in initiating hypertension treatment. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software. Results: ACEI mono-therapy is the mostly used antihypertensive drug class for male patients aged < 55 years having mild to moderate hypertension. CCB mono-therapy is the mostly used antihypertensive drug class for female patients aged < 55 years having mild to moderate hypertension. CCB mono-therapy is also the mostly used antihypertensive drug class for both male and female patients aged e” 55 years having mild to moderate hypertension. For severe hypertensive patients aged < 55 years, the mostly used antihypertensive drugs are combinations of ACEI+CCB+D for both male and females. For severe hypertensive patients aged e” 55 years, the mostly used antihypertensive drugs are combinations of ACEI+CCB+D for males and combinations of CCB+BB for females. However, the overall pattern of using antihypertensive drugs did not significantly vary between male and female patients. Conclusion: The pattern of using antihypertensive drugs varies depending on age and gender of the patient and on the severity of hypertension. But, the overall pattern of using antihypertensive drugs did not significantly vary between male and female patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v4i2.10454 Cardiovasc. j. 2012; 4(2): 114-119

scholarly journals Possible Causes of Gender Differences in COVID-19 Infection Rate and Mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
can liu ◽  
Renwang Hu ◽  
Yongqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Nsp1 Gene ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Abstract Purpose To study the causes of gender differences in infection rate and mortality of COVID-19.Methods According to the confirmed results so far, it was found that the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1 and FURIN genes were related to SARS-COV-2 virus infected cells; CD4, CD8 and NLRP3 genes were related to human immunological response; NSP1 gene was related to immunosuppression; IL6 (IL-6), IFNG (IFN-γ) and TNF (TNF-α) genes were related to the occurrence of cytokine storm. The differential expression of these genes between male and female were analyzed in normal and tumor patients, and further analyzed in different locations of normal and tumor tissues to find out risk factors affecting the infection rate and mortality. Results In our study, we identified that in the lung tissue, the expression level of ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1 and FURIN genes in male patients were higher than those in female patients. In all normal tissues of patients: NRP1, FURIN and NSP1 genes were significantly higher expressed in female. In all tumor tissues of patients: ACE2, FURIN and IL-6 genes were significantly higher expressed in male, while TMPRSS2, CD4, CD8, NLRP3, NSP1 and TNF genes were significantly higher expressed in female.Conclusions The significant differential expression of SARS-COV-2 receptor related genes and immune response related genes between male and female patients may be the reason for the difference in COVID-19 infection rate and mortality. The expression of COVID-19-related genes in normal and tumor patients were also significantly different, so clinical treatment should be treated differently.

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