scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Extraction and Characterisation of Oils from Glycine max L. (Soya Bean Seed), Elaeis guineensis (Palm Kernel Seed) and Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Using Ethanol and n-Hexane

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Okenwa-ani Chioma ◽  
Okafor Alexander ◽  
Kanayochukwu Ugochi ◽  
Anieze Erasmus ◽  
Egbujor Melford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Aims: To extract and characterize oils from Glycine max L. (soya bean seed), Elaeis guineensis (palm kernel seed) and Cocos nucifera (coconut) using ethanol and n-Hexane. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Industrial Chemistry, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, between December 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Using Soxhlet extraction method, the milled seed samples (soya bean, coconut and palm kernel) were bagged and extracted with accurately measured quantity of each solvent (n-Hexane and Ethanol). Physicochemical analysis which includes: Acid values, iodine value, free fatty acid (% oleic) and saponification value was carried out on the extracted oil. Results: The percentage oil yield from ethanol extracts were 8.58% (8.58 g), 26.01% (26.01 g) and 31.21% (31.21 g) for soya bean, coconut and palm kernel respectively while that of n-Hexane extracts were 14.69% (14.69 g), 31.85% (31.85 g) and 45.28% (45.28 g), due to the fact that 100 g of the milled sample was used. Free fatty acid values were the same in n-Hexane and ethanol extracts of soya bean oil. These values were slightly higher in the coconut and palm kernel oil extracts using ethanol. Acid values were observed to be slightly higher in the ethanol extracted oils. The Saponification values were generally higher in ethanol extracted oils than in hexane extracted oils. There was maximum oil recovered with hexane than ethanol when the extraction process was carried out for 120 minutes. Conclusion: In spite of the fact that n-Hexane gave a better extraction yield, ethanol appeared to be a better alternative for the extraction process because it is green, less toxic and safer to handle.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Characterization of Palm Kernel Oil Extracted from the Seeds of Two Varieties of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) for Possible Use in Feed or Food

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Yapi Amin Paulin ◽  
Kouadio Ahou Irène
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

This study was carried out in order to assess the quality of the type of palm kernel oil suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed or food. To reach this objective, oil D and oil T extracted respectively from the seeds of the varieties Dura and Tenera of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by the Soxhlet method using hexane as a solvent were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results obtained show that the values for the physical parameters (Oil yield, density and percentage of impurities) of both oils were similar and fell in those of the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015. However, for the chemical parameters (Acid value, percentage of free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value and ester value), the values obtained for oil D were the highest, but for both oils, the values were above those recommended by the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015, excepted the Saponification values and the Ester values which were below these standards. The determination of fatty acids composition by Gas Chromatography showed that these oils were not significantly different. Indeed, the totals saturated fatty acids were in amounts of 87.92% ± 0.17 and 87.53% ± 0.24, while the totals unsaturated fatty acids were in amounts of 12.08% ± 0.02 and 12.47% ± 0.02 respectively for oil D and oil T. The predominant fatty acid was lauric acid in amounts of 36.87% and 37.84% respectively for oil D and oil T. Thus, these palm kernel oils could be used as ingredients and preservatives in feed due to their content in lauric acid which is known to possess antimicrobial properties and also to their content in unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) which are an indicator of oil quality. However, oil T seems to be more suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed due to its percentage of free fatty acid which is less than that of oil D.

scholarly journals Effects of roasting and boiling on the yield, quality and oxidative stability of extracted soya bean oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Kofi Tulashie 1 ◽  
Francis Kotoka ◽  
Amponsah Preko Appiah 1 ◽  
Philip Awuah 2 ◽  
Bright K.A. Baiden 3
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Yield Quality

In this study, the effect of roasting and boiling on the yield and oxidative stability of soya beanoil was investigated. The oil was soxhlet extracted and the oxidative stability was determined bythe free fatty acid value, acid value and peroxide value. The results showed that the oil yield, freefatty acid value, acid value and peroxide value were significantly affected by roasting, boiling,and the thermal treatment time. The percentage oil yield in the control oil sample was 18.51%,which increased to 20.24% and 20.73% after boiling and roasting respectively, at 40mins. Thecorresponding free fatty acid and the peroxide value of the control oil sample were 0.14% and2.04 meqO2/kg, which increased to 0.82% and 6.60 meqO2/kg by roasting, and 0.47% and 5.62meqO2/kg by boiling respectively. Thus the oil yield, free fatty acid value, peroxide value, andacid value increased with increasing roasting and boiling time.The results indicate that roasting provides a higher oil yield than boiling, but boiled oil hashigher oxidative stability than roasted oil.

Predictive capability evaluation of RSM, ANFIS and ANN: A case of reduction of high free fatty acid of palm kernel oil via esterification process

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriola Betiku ◽  
Victoria O. Odude ◽  
Niyi B. Ishola ◽  
Ayorinde Bamimore ◽  
Ajiboye S. Osunleke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Capability Evaluation

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU PENUNDAAN PENGOLAHAN BUAH SAWIT Elaeis guineensis TERHADAP MUTU CRUDE PALM OIL DENGAN ALAT PENGOLAHAN SAWIT TIPE BATCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Ivoni Susanti ◽  
Fitria Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Acid Test

This study aims to  Analyze the effect of time delay on processing of palm fruit from Elaeis guineensis Jacq to Crude Palm Oil (CPO) quality. Fresh fruit marks are chopped to separate with fruit marks in the form of brondolan, then separated between inside and outside fruit and then treated with processing delays 0 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours. Further processed by using Batch type palm oil processing tool. CPO is analyzed CPO quality which consist of free fatty acid test, water content test and dirt level test. From result of measurement and quality test show the effect of time delay of processing of palm fruit to increase free fatty acid especially at treatment delay for 24 hours on fruit palm inside. The result of comparison of CPO quality measurement (ALB level, moisture content and dirt level) is still far below SNI standard.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and rheological characterizations of Cocos nucifera L. and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae) oils for black hair shampoo formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2684-2698
Author(s):  
Awa Nakognon Tuo-Kouassi ◽  
Kakwokpo Clémence N’guessan-Gnaman ◽  
Marcel Koffi Konan ◽  
Sandrine Armelle Adjoua Aka-Any-Grah ◽  
Landry Claude Ahmont Kablan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Black Hair ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Black hair suffers from a lipid deficiency, either on the surface with a decrease in sebaceous secretion or in depth with a lack of covalent bonds between the lipids and the cuticular cells. The result is a porous cuticle, a dull, rough hair that is difficult to untangle and breaks easily. The aim of this study was to evaluate properties of oils extracted from Cocos nucifera and Elaeis guineensis intended for the formulation of shampoos for black hair. Physicochemical and rheological analyses were carried out. Both oils showed a refractive index of 1.45 and melting points of 28 °C and 30 °C for coconut oil and palm kernel oil, respectively. The relative densities, moisture contents, saponification indexes, peroxide values, unsaponifiable matter contents, para-anisidine values were relatively similar while iodine and acid values were different. Both oils are rich in lauric, oleic and linoleic acids. These oils exhibited a Newtonian behavior and a dominant elastic nature after their melting temperature in the study conditions. They could constitute active ingredients for the formulation of shampoo for black hair in view of their different characteristics.Keywords: Physico-chemical analyses, rheological parameters, Cocos nucifera oil, Elaeis guineensis oil.

scholarly journals Assessing the effects of Sunlight on the Photooxidation of Tropical Oils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dodoo ◽  
Samuel Tulashie ◽  
Thomas Dodoo ◽  
Francis Kwaw
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Secondary Oxidation ◽  
Kernel Oil

This study aims to investigate the influence of sunlight on the photooxidation of tropical oils (TOs). Coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and palm kernel oil (PKO) were chosen for determining the indicators of photooxidation when exposed to and in the absence of sunlight for seven weeks. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in free fatty acid (FFA) levels and peroxide value (PV) when the TOs were exposed to sunlight. The iodine value (IV) and colour content decreased significantly (p < 0.05) due to the decomposition of unsaturated FFAs owing to the breaking-down of the π-bonds and the degradation of colour pigments during photooxidation. FTIR analysis showed strong vibrational absorptions at 1721 and 3505 cm, 1720 and 3560 cm, and 1721 and 3554 cm for the CNO, PO, and PKO samples exposed to sunlight, respectively. These bands can be attributed to the presence of secondary oxidation products, which were absent in the TOs that were not exposed to sunlight. A simulation was performed to support the FTIR results, which also indicated peaks from the secondary oxidation products at 1744 and 3660 cm. The study also revealed that the rate of photooxidation was different for each TOs. The rate of oxidation followed the order PO > PKO > CNO. In contrast, no notable changes were observed in the TOs kept away from the sunlight. These results suggest that exposing TOs to sunlight influences their oxidation stability and quality.

scholarly journals VEGETABLE OILS FOR HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION BY

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1553-1562
Author(s):  
Ezechukwu O. A
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
High Voltage Insulation

This paper discusses the findings of the study of the possibility of using some vegetable oils as high voltage insulation materials. Samples of palm oil (elaeis guineensis), palm kernel oil (elaeis guineensis), coconut oil (cocos nucifera), groundnut oil(Arachis hypogea) and local pear oil(dacryodes edulis) were obtained from Ekwulobia town, processed and tested. The results obtained showed exciting performance for palm oil, palm kernel oil and groundnut oil. Investigation on the dielectric strength of local pear oil (dacryodes eduli) is inconclusive because the sample collected was not sufficient for the tests.

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