scholarly journals Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Pneumonia Patients that Attend Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Immaculata U. Nwankwo ◽  
Kelechi C. Edward ◽  
Chinedu N. Nwoba ◽  
Moses O. Ike
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Catholic Hospital

Aim: To determine the prevalence of Streptococcus pnenumoniae in pnenumonia patients attending Madonna Catholic Hospital, Umuahia; Abia State. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of Streptococcus pnenumoniae among patients in Madonna Catholic Hospital, Umuahia. It lasted for a period of three months (September 2019 to January 2020). Standard microbiological techniques were used to evaluate 60 sputum samples collected from pneumonia patients and the modified Kirby-Buar disk diffusion technique was used to test the sensitive pattern of the isolates to some antibiotics. Results: A total of thirty-three (33) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were recovered from sixty (60) sputum samples from pneumonia patients. 17(51%) were gotten from male and 16 (49%) of isolates were gotten from female. The highest frequency of occurrence among the age groups was observed with adults (19-59 years) (34.4%) followed by adolescence (13-18 years) (33.3%), while the least frequency was from those of senior adults (>60) (9.1%). However, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the sputum samples shows varying degrees of sensitivity and resistance to the antibiotics. From the study, Streptomycin and Cotrimoxazole showed a high percentage of sensitivity against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at 78.8% and 72.7% respectively. The highest percentage of resistance was observed with Gentamicin and Tetracycline at 42.4% each. Conclusion: This study highlights that there was no distinct variation in occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in relation to gender and age. As most patients were hospitalized in separated wards, this suggests a role for local dissemination of this bacterium in the respective wards rather than age or gender specific predilection. This study also suggests that streptomycin and Cotrimoxazole could be a drug of choice in the treatment of pneumonia.

scholarly journals Optimal cutoff for the evaluation of insulin resistance through triglyceride-glucose index: A cross-sectional study in a Venezuelan population

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Valmore Bermúdez ◽  
María Calvo ◽  
Luis Carlos Olivar ◽  
Eliana Luzardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) evaluation is a fundamental goal in clinical and epidemiological research. However, the most widely used methods are difficult to apply to populations with low incomes. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) emerges as an alternative to use in daily clinical practice. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine an optimal cutoff point for the TGI in an adult population from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Methods: This is a sub-study of Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. For this analysis, 2004 individuals of both genders ≥18 years old with basal insulin determination and triglycerides < 500 mg/dl were evaluated.. A reference population was selected according to clinical and metabolic criteria to plot ROC Curves specific for gender and age groups to determine the optimal cutoff point according to sensitivity and specificity.The TGI was calculated according to the equation: ln [Fasting triglyceride (mg / dl) x Fasting glucose (mg / dl)] / 2. Results: The TGI in the general population was 4.6±0.3 (male: 4.66±0.34 vs. female: 4.56±0.33, p=8.93x10-10). The optimal cutoff point was 4.49, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 82.1% (AUC=0.889, 95% CI: 0.854-0.924). There were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of the index when evaluated according to gender and age groups. Those individuals with TGI≥4.5 had higher HOMA2-IR averages than those with TGI <4.5 (2.48 vs 1.74, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions: The TGI is a measure of interest to identify IR in the general population. We propose a single cutoff point of 4.5 to classify individuals with IR. Future studies should evaluate the predictive capacity of this index to determine atypical metabolic phenotypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular risk in our population.

scholarly journals Description of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Coronavirus Disease-19 Prevention Based on Gender and Age in Java Island Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Alya Amarie ◽  
Ari Udijono ◽  
Nissa Kusariana ◽  
Lintang Dian Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease that was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has become a public health problem around the world. The main mode of transmission of this virus is human to human transmission via respiratory droplets that produced when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. This virus spread rapidly from China to other countries. The participation of society is needed in reducing the spread of COVID-19. People's commitment and obedience in dealing with this pandemic situation are generally influenced by knowledge, attitudes and practices. In previous studies, it was found that gender and age affect the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for preventing COVID-19. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 prevention based on gender and age group in Java Island residents. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study was 1,680 Java Island residents. Results: The variables in this study were measured through a self-reported questionnaire that was distributed online. The results showed that the female and the late adult group (≥61 years) tended to have good knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 prevention.Conclusion : It is necessary to increase education related to COVID-19 and socialization of health protocols to the community with male sex and young age groups

Frequency of Crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1909
Author(s):  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Faisal BDS ◽  
Hafiza Asma Jawaid ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: To determine the frequency of crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Methods: A total of 200 patients (126 females, 74 males) having malocclusion in permanent dentition were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients in the age group 7years and above were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version20.0. Cross tabulations were performed for gender and age groups and chi square test was used to determine association. Results: The frequency of crowding was found to be 29%. The percentage of crowding in males was 12% and females 17 %. While the frequency of crowding was 31% in males and 28% in females. It was found that there was a decrease in crowding with increasing age in both genders. Conclusion: Crowding was more frequent in females than males. Keywords: Malocclusion, Alignment, Orthodontics

scholarly journals Neck circumference as a complementary measure to identify excess body weight in children aged 13-24 months

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela dos Santos ◽  
Aila Anne Pinto Farias Contarato ◽  
Caroline Kroll ◽  
Mayte Bertoli ◽  
Sandra Ana Czarnobay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Positive Correlations

Objectives:to analyze the accuracy of neck circumference (NC) as a measure for assessing excess body weight in children aged 13-24 months of life, according to gender.Methods:this is a cross-sectional study comparing the neck circumferences in relation to body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measures. The best cut-off point for identifying excess body weight was determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (ROC curve), according to gender and age groups 13-15 months, 16-19 months and 20-24 months.Results:NC waspositively correlated (p<0.001) with body weight and BMI in both genders, and length in girls (p<0.001). Positive correlations were found between NC and BMI in the three age groups (13-15, 16-19 and 20-24 months) in both boys and girls. The NC cut-off points for boys were 23.6, 23.9 and 24.0 cm, and 23.4, 23.5 and 23.6 cm for girls, for the 1315, 16-19 and 20-24 age groups respectively.Conclusions:NC can be used to screen for excess body weight in children aged 13-24 months. However, further studies with a larger sample will be required in order to complement these results.

scholarly journals Optimal cutoff for the evaluation of insulin resistance through triglyceride-glucose index: A cross-sectional study in a Venezuelan population

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Valmore Bermúdez ◽  
María Calvo ◽  
Luis Carlos Olivar ◽  
Eliana Luzardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) evaluation is a fundamental goal in clinical and epidemiological research. However, the most widely used methods are difficult to apply to populations with low incomes. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) emerges as an alternative to use in daily clinical practice. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine an optimal cutoff point for the TGI in an adult population from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Methods: This is a sub-study of Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. For this analysis, 2004 individuals of both genders ≥18 years old with basal insulin determination and triglycerides < 500 mg/dl were evaluated.. A reference population was selected according to clinical and metabolic criteria to plot ROC Curves specific for gender and age groups to determine the optimal cutoff point according to sensitivity and specificity.The TGI was calculated according to the equation: ln [Fasting triglyceride (mg / dl) x Fasting glucose (mg / dl)] / 2. Results: The TGI in the general population was 4.6±0.3 (male: 4.66±0.34 vs. female: 4.56±0.33, p=8.93x10-10). The optimal cutoff point was 4.49, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 82.1% (AUC=0.889, 95% CI: 0.854-0.924). There were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of the index when evaluated according to gender and age groups. Those individuals with TGI≥4.5 had higher HOMA2-IR averages than those with TGI <4.5 (2.48 vs 1.74, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions: The TGI is a measure of interest to identify IR in the general population. We propose a single cutoff point of 4.5 to classify individuals with IR. Future studies should evaluate the predictive capacity of this index to determine atypical metabolic phenotypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular risk in our population.

MULTIPLANAR RECONSTRUCTED CT STUDY OF NORMAL ACETABULUM – INCLINATION ANGLE, ANTEVERSION ANGLE AND ACETABULAR DEPTH

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shukry Mohd Khalid ◽  
Rohaizan Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Hip Implants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Replacement Procedure ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Knowledge of acetabular morphometry parameters namely acetabular inclination and anteversion angles beside acetabular depth aid surgeons to accurately plan hip replacement procedure. The current hip implants designed based on Caucasian population which may not accurately match morphologic features of our population. Our objective is to determine normal acetabular morphometric parameters from CT scans of Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and compare gender and age group differences. A cross-sectional study was done within 18 months duration from November 2010 till May 2012. A total of 133 samples collected and divided into four age groups. Mean and standard deviations for all parameters were determined. No significant difference between acetabular parameters among males and females (p>0.001). Significant difference between age groups noted, mainly in group 1 (18 to 30 years) with group 4 (51 to 60 years) in all parameters. As for conclusion, no significant parameter differences between genders, hence no indication for gender or population specific hip implants. Significant differences noted when parameters compared between age groups, especially between the two extremes of age groups.

scholarly journals Optimal cutoff for the evaluation of insulin resistance through triglyceride-glucose index: A cross-sectional study in a Venezuelan population

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Valmore Bermúdez ◽  
María Calvo ◽  
Luis Carlos Olivar ◽  
Eliana Luzardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) evaluation is a fundamental goal in clinical and epidemiological research. However, the most widely used methods are difficult to apply to populations with low incomes. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) emerges as an alternative to use in daily clinical practice. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine an optimal cutoff point for the TGI in an adult population from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Methods: This is a sub-study of Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. For this analysis, 2004 individuals of both genders ≥18 years old with basal insulin determination and triglycerides < 500 mg/dl were evaluated.. A reference population was selected according to clinical and metabolic criteria to plot ROC Curves specific for gender and age groups to determine the optimal cutoff point according to sensitivity and specificity.The TGI was calculated according to the equation: ln [Fasting triglyceride (mg / dl) x Fasting glucose (mg / dl)] / 2. Results: The TGI in the general population was 4.6±0.3 (male: 4.66±0.34 vs. female: 4.56±0.33, p=8.93x10-10). The optimal cutoff point was 4.49, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 82.1% (AUC=0.889, 95% CI: 0.854-0.924). There were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of the index when evaluated according to gender and age groups. Those individuals with TGI≥4.5 had higher HOMA2-IR averages than those with TGI <4.5 (2.48 vs 1.74, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions: The TGI is a measure of interest to identify IR in the general population. We propose a single cutoff point of 4.5 to classify individuals with IR. Future studies should evaluate the predictive capacity of this index to determine atypical metabolic phenotypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular risk in our population.

scholarly journals Factors associated with glycated albumin in adults without diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Aparecida Corrêa Freitas ◽  
Mayana Kieling Hernandez ◽  
Joiza Lins Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Term Monitoring

Background and aims. Glycated albumin is a glycemic marker useful in short-term monitoring and in situations when a glycated hemoglobin test is not reliable. This study aims to evaluate glycated albumin levels and its associated factors in normoglycemic adults from Southern Brazil. Method. 136 individuals, without diabetes or pre-diabetes, were included in this cross-sectional study. Levels of glycated albumin, glycated hemoglobin, and other biochemical markers were measured. Results. Glycated albumin levels ranged from 11.1% to 17.5% (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles). Glycated albumin/glycated hemoglobin ratio was 2.8 ± 0.2. Glycated albumin did not differ according to gender and age groups. However, in overweight individuals, levels of glycated albumin and glycated albumin/glycated hemoglobin ratio were lower and weakly and negatively correlated with body mass index. Conclusions. Glycated albumin levels in Brazilians were similar to those previously described in other populations. Glycated albumin seems to be irrespective of gender or age, but weakly correlated with weight. These aspects should be taken into account in the interpretation of glycated albumin results.

scholarly journals Description of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Coronavirus Disease-19 Prevention Based on Gender and Age in Java Island Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Alya Amarie ◽  
Ari Udijono ◽  
Nissa Kusariana ◽  
Lintang Dian Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease that was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has become a public health problem around the world. The main mode of transmission of this virus is human to human transmission via respiratory droplets that produced when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. This virus spread rapidly from China to other countries. The participation of society is needed in reducing the spread of COVID-19. People's commitment and obedience in dealing with this pandemic situation are generally influenced by knowledge, attitudes and practices. In previous studies, it was found that gender and age affect the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for preventing COVID-19. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 prevention based on gender and age group in Java Island residents. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study was 1,680 Java Island residents. Results: The variables in this study were measured through a self-reported questionnaire that was distributed online. The results showed that the female and the late adult group (≥61 years) tended to have good knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 prevention.Conclusion : It is necessary to increase education related to COVID-19 and socialization of health protocols to the community with male sex and young age groups

Colour preference in relation to personal determinants and implications for indoor circadian luminous environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2097760
Author(s):  
Jaka Potočnik ◽  
Mitja Košir ◽  
Mateja Dovjak
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Colour Preferences ◽  
The University

Colour of interior surfaces has to be considered in order to provide optimal visual and non-visual performance. Colour selection is often related to the occupant's colour preferences. First part of the presented study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among the employees of the University of Ljubljana conducted in December 2019 in order to identify possible association between personal determinants, room typology, preferred colour of indoor surfaces and general colour preferences. Based on the findings from the survey results, a simulation study on a generic cellular office was executed in order to evaluate the implications of occupant's wall colour preference on the resulting non-visual luminous environment under the climate of Ljubljana. Results showed a strong association between the general colour preference and wall colour preference. Significant differences between gender and age groups were identified. The respondents preferred white, orange and blue coloured walls, the latter two, as deduced from the simulations, may have a substantial negative or positive impact on the spatial distribution and duration of appropriate non-visual exposure in the indoor environment. The results of the presented study highlight the importance of considering the potential impact of indoor surface colour selection when evaluating the quality of the indoor luminous environment.

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