Sensation Magnitude for Energy of Electrocutaneous Stimulation and Just Noticeable Difference

Psychometric functions of pulse rate (PR) and pulse width (PW) from electrocutaneous stimuli were determined using the method of comparative judgments. The study revealed that changes in PR were more easily detected than changes in PW, as measured by the percent of just noticeable difference (jnd). The PR jnd data from test subjects indicated that maximum frequency discrimination occurred near 20 pulses per second. Using the PR and PW psychometric curves, compensatory transfer functions can be determined which will improve the efficacy of sensory communication systems based on electrocutaneous stimulation.

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Just Noticeable Difference and the Perception of Tempo Drift

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e703242007-001 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Kim L. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Just Noticeable Difference

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A testing paradigm for quantifying ICC profilers

Color and Imaging Conference ◽

10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2019.27.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (1) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Pooshpanjan Roy Biswas ◽

Alessandro Beltrami ◽

Joan Saez Gomez

Keyword(s):

Digital Camera ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Just Noticeable Difference ◽

Color Management ◽

Color Gamut ◽

Gamut Mapping ◽

Digital File ◽

Mapping Process ◽

Testing Paradigm

To reproduce colors in one system which differs from another system in terms of the color gamut, it is necessary to use a color gamut mapping process. This color gamut mapping is a method to translate a specific color from a medium (screen, digital camera, scanner, digital file, etc) into another system having a difference in gamut volume. There are different rendering intent options defined by the International Color Consortium [5] to use the different reproduction goals of the user [19]. Any rendering intent used to reproduce colors, includes profile engine decisions to do it, i.e. looking for color accuracy, vivid colors or pleasing reproduction of images. Using the same decisions on different profile engines, the final visual output can look different (more than one Just Noticeable Difference[16]) depending on the profile engine used and the color algorithms that they implement. Profile performance substantially depends on the profiler engine used to create them. Different profilers provide the user with varying levels of liberty to design a profile for their color management needs and preference. The motivation of this study is to rank the performance of various market leading profiler engines on the basis of different metrics designed specifically to report the performance of particular aspects of these profiles. The study helped us take valuable decisions regarding profile performance without any visual assessment to decide on the best profiler engine.

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Peripheral arterial stiffness during electrocutaneous stimulation is positively correlated with pain-related brain activity and subjective pain intensity: an fMRI study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83833-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Toshio Tsuji ◽

Fumiya Arikuni ◽

Takafumi Sasaoka ◽

Shin Suyama ◽

Takashi Akiyoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Electrocutaneous Stimulation ◽

Pain Matrix ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Subjective Pain ◽

Peripheral Arterial

AbstractBrain activity associated with pain perception has been revealed by numerous PET and fMRI studies over the past few decades. These findings helped to establish the concept of the pain matrix, which is the distributed brain networks that demonstrate pain-specific cortical activities. We previously found that peripheral arterial stiffness $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art responds to pain intensity, which is estimated from electrocardiography, continuous sphygmomanometer, and photo-plethysmography. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art aligns with pain matrix brain activity. In this fMRI study, 22 participants received different intensities of pain stimuli. We identified brain regions in which the blood oxygen level-dependent signal covaried with $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art using parametric modulation analysis. Among the identified brain regions, the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex and ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were consistent with the pain matrix. We found moderate correlations between the average activities in these regions and $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art was also significantly correlated with self-reported pain intensity (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and applied pain intensity (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art is positively correlated with pain-related brain activity and subjective pain intensity. This study may thus represent a basis for adopting peripheral arterial stiffness as an objective pain evaluation metric.

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Self-generation and sound intensity interactively modulate perceptual bias, but not perceptual sensitivity

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96346-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Paraskevoudi ◽

Iria SanMiguel

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Intensity ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Sound Intensity ◽

Perceptual Bias ◽

Perceptual Processing ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Just Noticeable Difference ◽

External Sources ◽

Motor Actions ◽

Near Threshold

AbstractThe ability to distinguish self-generated stimuli from those caused by external sources is critical for all behaving organisms. Although many studies point to a sensory attenuation of self-generated stimuli, recent evidence suggests that motor actions can result in either attenuated or enhanced perceptual processing depending on the environmental context (i.e., stimulus intensity). The present study employed 2-AFC sound detection and loudness discrimination tasks to test whether sound source (self- or externally-generated) and stimulus intensity (supra- or near-threshold) interactively modulate detection ability and loudness perception. Self-generation did not affect detection and discrimination sensitivity (i.e., detection thresholds and Just Noticeable Difference, respectively). However, in the discrimination task, we observed a significant interaction between self-generation and intensity on perceptual bias (i.e. Point of Subjective Equality). Supra-threshold self-generated sounds were perceived softer than externally-generated ones, while at near-threshold intensities self-generated sounds were perceived louder than externally-generated ones. Our findings provide empirical support to recent theories on how predictions and signal intensity modulate perceptual processing, pointing to interactive effects of intensity and self-generation that seem to be driven by a biased estimate of perceived loudness, rather by changes in detection and discrimination sensitivity.

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The Just Noticeable Difference in Complexity of Jobs

Management Science ◽

10.1287/mnsc.23.6.606 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 606-611

Author(s):

Shlomo Globerson

Keyword(s):

Just Noticeable Difference

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Determination of Recognition Threshold and Just Noticeable Difference in the Sensory Perception of Pungency ofZanthoxylum bangeanum

International Journal of Food Properties ◽

10.1080/10942912.2015.1054037 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1044-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lu-Lu Zhang ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Hou-Yin Wang ◽

Rui-Cong Zhi ◽

Bo-Lin Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensory Perception ◽

Recognition Threshold ◽

Just Noticeable Difference

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Spectral Sensitivity of Photoreceptors and Colour Vision in the Solitary Bee, Osmia Rufa

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.136.1.35 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 35-52

Author(s):

R. MENZEL ◽

E. STEINMANN ◽

J. DE SOUZA ◽

W. BACKHAUS

Keyword(s):

Spectral Sensitivity ◽

Colour Vision ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Just Noticeable Difference ◽

Species Discrimination ◽

Colour Space ◽

Absorption Function ◽

Perceptual Distance ◽

Line Elements ◽

Colour Signals

The spectral sensitivity of single photoreceptors of Osmia rufa was determined by a fast voltage-clamp technique. Three receptor types were found whose spectral sensitivity functions followed a rhodopsin-like photopigment absorption function with λmax values at 348nm (ultraviolet receptor), 436nm (blue receptor) and 572nm (green receptor). The λmax of the green receptor in Osmia rufa is shifted to much longer wavelengths compared with other insect species. Discrimination of colour signals was tested after training a bee at the entrance to its nest. The colour signals were filter discs (70 mm in diameter) with a hole (10 mm in diameter) in the centre and the bees quickly learned to use the coloured disc as a marker of the nest entrance. Tests were dual forced-choice tests with two coloured discs closely positioned next to each other. 94 different tests were each repeated 5–15 times and were performed after training to 12 different colour signals. A photoreceptor model was used to calculate the loci of the colour signals in a three-dimensional colour space and in a chromaticity diagram. The perceptual distance between the colour loci was calculated as line elements (minimum number of just noticeable difference, jnd-steps), which were based on the noiseproperties of the photoreceptors. The discrimination determined by the behavioural tests correlated very well with the jnd-steps. The correlation was better for the line elements in the colour plane than in the colour space. Osmia rufa was compared with the honeybee Apis mellifera and the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata. There is no difference in colour selection between Osmia and Apis, whereas Melipona discriminates less well in the violet-blue region. The model calculation was used to compare the chromaticity diagrams and the spectral discrimination functions of the three species. It is concluded that the receptor model used in this study predicts the discrimination behaviour of the three bee species very well. Therefore, comparative studies on colour vision in flowervisiting insects may be based on spectral measurements of the photoreceptors, and in many cases this reduces the extent of laborious behavioural studies.

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