scholarly journals Storm damage at Craig Phadrig hillfort, Inverness

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Peteranna ◽  
Steven Birch
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
Terminus Post Quem ◽  
Massive Timber

In January 2015 severe winter storms caused substantial damage to Craig Phadrig fort (Scheduled Monument 2892) after two wind-blown trees exposed a section of the inner rampart. Prior to consolidation and reinstatement, Scheduled Monument Consent was granted for an archaeological evaluation of the damaged area. This revealed three principal phases of construction, the earliest a massive timber-laced wall burnt in the 4th–3rd century bc. The upper elements of this ruined structure were incorporated into two secondary phases of refortification comprising construction of a palisade along its crest followed several centuries later by reprofiling of the rampart upper bank. The chronology of the second and third phases is more equivocal, with a single 5th–6th century ad radiocarbon date providing a terminus post quem for the erection of the palisade, while the other features indicate activity in the 11th–13th centuries.

Texture Studies on Borocarbide Thin Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1425-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subba Rao ◽  
R. Tamm ◽  
S.C. Wimbush ◽  
G.H. Cao ◽  
C.G. Oertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Epitaxial Thin Films ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
Phase Purity ◽  
Y2o3 Buffer Layer

Epitaxial thin films of the superconducting borocarbide compound YNi2B2C were grown on single crystal MgO (100) substrates without and with Y2O3 buffer layer using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In both cases YNi2B2C grows with [001] normal to the substrate. However, the in-plane texture depends on the starting condition. For samples without buffer layer, oxygen from the substrate diffuses into the film and forms an Y2O3 reaction layer at the interface. As a consequence, a deficiency of Y is generated giving rise to the formation of secondary phases. On the other hand, using an artificial Y2O3 buffer layer secondary phases are suppressed. The texture of the Y2O3 layers determines the texture of the YNi2B2C film. The superconducting properties of the borocarbide films are discussed with respect to texture and phase purity.

scholarly journals Aggregated responses of human mobility to severe winter storms: An empirical study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0188734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
John E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Winter Storms

scholarly journals Caracterização metalúrgica de ligas de Ni-Cr para metalocerimica

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Carlos Ariel Samudio Perez ◽  
Cezar Augusto Garbin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Hardness Values

Alternative Ni-Cr alloys applied in dentistry of two commercial brands for ceramometal restoration were evaluated. The alloys were analyzed in the commercial and after casting conditions using experimental techniques of metallography, X-ray diffraction, superficial hardness and density. The metalografics and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that, the alloys microstructure is marked with the presence of a solid solution having an ordered face- centred cubic structure, Ni-rich austenitic (y phase) matrix, and with fine precipitates particles of secondary phases. The Vicker hardness tests showed a decrease in hardness values of the studied alloys aer casting. The alloys density values, on the other hand, did not manifest changes.

A Parameterization of the Microphysical Processes Forming Many Types of Winter Precipitation

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Thériault ◽  
Ronald E. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Content ◽  
Microphysics Scheme ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
Microphysical Processes

Abstract Several types of precipitation, such as freezing rain, ice pellets, and wet snow, are commonly observed during winter storms. The objective of this study is to better understand the formation of these winter precipitation types. To address this issue, detailed melting and refreezing of precipitation was added onto an existing bulk microphysics scheme. These modifications allow the formation of mixed-phase particles and these particles in turn lead to, or affect, the formation of many of the other types of precipitation. The precipitation type characteristics, such as the mass content, liquid fraction, and threshold diameters formed during a storm over St John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, are studied and compared with observations. Many of these features were reproduced by the model. Sensitivity experiments with the model were carried out to examine the dependence of precipitation characteristics in this event on thresholds of particle evolution in the new parameterization.

The Influence of Secondary Phase on Impact Toughness of Alloyed Iron Aluminides

2020 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Martin Švec ◽  
Adam Hotař ◽  
Věra Vodičková ◽  
Vojtěch Keller
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fracture Behaviour ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Iron Aluminides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening

The microstructure and fracture surfaces were investigated for five Fe3Al – based iron aluminides doped by different alloying elements (Nb, Zr + C, Cr) or without addition. Generally, iron aluminides are considered as brittle material at room temperature, therefore the type and distribution of secondary phases affect the fracture behaviour. The influence of present secondary phase particles on impact toughness at room temperature was evaluated in comparison to binary alloy. The type and the volume fraction of particles affect the value of impact toughness significantly – these values decrease with increasing volume fraction of precipitates. On the other hand, the solid solution strengthening improves impact toughness.

scholarly journals Predicting severe winter coastal storm damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 034004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hondula ◽  
Robert Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Storm Damage ◽  
Severe Winter

Once a Sacred and Secluded Place: Early Bronze Age Monuments at Church Lawton, near Alsager, Cheshire

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 237-277
Author(s):  
Malcolm Reid ◽  
Ian Brooks ◽  
Jim Innes ◽  
Stuart Needham ◽  
Fiona Roe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Eastern Edge

Two round barrows were excavated in 1982–3 at Church Lawton near to the eastern edge of the Cheshire and Staffordshire Plain. One of the barrows was defined by a ring of nine glacial boulders and it is possible that these monoliths initially formed a free-standing stone circle. The remains constitute a rare example of the use of stone to enhance a Bronze Age barrow in the lowlands of central western England. Beneath the mound demarcated by the boulders were the burnt remains of a small, roughly rectangular turf stack associated with fragments of clay daub and pieces of timber. No direct evidence of burial was found within the monument. A radiocarbon date suggests that the structural sequence began sometime in the late 3rd–early 2nd millennium calbc. The other barrow was principally a two-phased construction and contained urned and un-urned cremation burials. A battle-axe was placed next to one of the burials. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the cremations and associated deposits indicate that individuals were being interred from the late 3rd or early 2nd millennium calbc, with the practice continuing until the middle of the 2nd millennium. The barrows formed part of a cemetery, consisting of three known mounds.

scholarly journals The meteorological framework and the cultural memory of three severe winter-storms in early eighteenth-century Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pfister ◽  
Emmanuel Garnier ◽  
Maria-João Alcoforado ◽  
Dennis Wheeler ◽  
Jürg Luterbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century
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