scholarly journals A escravidão e o acesso à terra nas concepções de Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes (1792-1821)

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Roberto De Mello Pereira
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
The University ◽  
Intellectual Formation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>O presente artigo explora o ideário de Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes sobre um conjunto de temas referentes à escravidão e ao regime fundiário na transição do século XVIII para o XIX: o controle da crueldade dos senhores de escravos; a condenação da escravidão perpétua; e a distribuição de terras baldias entre libertos e outros despossuídos. Para entender esse ideário foi preciso compreender e localizar historicamente a origem familiar e o universo da formação intelectual de Oliveira Mendes, da qual fez parte a Universidade de Coimbra e a Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa.</p><p>Slavery and access to land in Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes’ views (1792-1821)</p><p>This article explores Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes’ ideas about themes related to slavery and the land ownership regime at the turn of the 19th century: the control of the cruelty of slaveholders; the condemnation of perpetual slavery; and the distribution of unoccupied land to freed and other dispossessed people. In understanding Oliveira Mendes’ ideas, it is necessary to comprehend and historically locate his family origin and of the intellectual formation of Oliveira Mendes, which included the University of Coimbra and the Royal Academy of Sciences in Lisbon.</p><p>Slavery | Anti-slavery | Land distribution | Luso-Brazilian intellectuals</p>

Funding and Directing Research or Rewarding Scientific Achievements?

Nuncius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Bret
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Académie Des Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Abstract This study examines the science and technology prize system of the Académie des Sciences through a first survey of the prizes granted over the period extending from the 1720s to the end of the 19th century. No reward policy was envisaged by the Royal Academy of Sciences in the Réglement (statute) promulgated by King Louis XIV in 1699. Prizes were proposed later, first by private donors and then by the state, and awarded in international contests setting out specific scientific or technical problems for savants, inventors and artists to solve. Using cash prizes, under the Ancien Régime the Academy effectively directed and funded research for specific purposes set by donors. By providing it with significant extra funding, the donor-sponsored prizes progressively gave the Academy relative autonomy from the political power of the state. In the 19th century, with the growing awareness of the importance of scientific research, the main question became whether to use the prizes to reward past achievements or to incentivize future research, and the scale and nature of the prizes changed.

scholarly journals Polémicas sobre una memoria ornitológica premiada y publicada por la Real Academia de Ciencias de Madrid (1882-1887)

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Manuel Garrido Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Real Academia ◽  
A Current

Resumen La Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de Madrid premió la obra Aves de España. (Un dato más), presentada a concurso público correspondiente al año 1882. Escrita por José Arévalo Baca, el ornitólogo español del siglo XIX más reconocido a escala europea, catedrático desde 1877 en la Universidad de Valencia. En el proceso de revisión, la Sección de Ciencias Naturales de la Academia, evaluadora de la Memoria, indicó en su informe que el autor se había aprovechado de los trabajos inéditos de dos profesores ya fallecidos de Málaga y Valencia, sin citarlos: Higinio Aragoncillo del Villar y Rafael Cisternas Fontseré. Conclusiones que fueron refutadas por Arévalo con argumentaciones y datos inéditos que aportamos en este trabajo, pero que no impedirían que tras la publicación de su memoria ornitológica (1887), fuera en diversas ocasiones ninguneada en las dos acepciones del vocablo. Analizamos también distintos posicionamientos adoptados por miembros del colectivo científico decimonónico en relación a esa monografía y a su autor, finalizando con la valoración de la misma. Abstra ct The Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Madrid awarded the work titled Aves de España. (Un dato más), submitted it to public tender in 1882. The report was written by José Arévalo Baca, the 19th century Spanish ornithologist most recognized on a European scale and Head Professor at the University of Valencia since 1877. During the review process, the Natural Sciences Section of the Academy, referee of the Memory, indicated that the author had used the unpublished works of two professors from Malaga and Valencia, both deceased, without citing their names: Higinio Aragoncillo del Villar y Rafael Cisternas Fontseré. These criticisms were refuted by Arévalo with arguments and unpublished data that show here. However, in spite of his defense, Arévalo’s ornithological memory published in (1887) was, in several occasions willfully ignored. Likewise, we analyze stance of members of the 19th century scientific collective towards Arévalo’s monograph and Arévalo himself. We finish our study with a current, assessment of the Arévalo’s work.

IL CARTEGGIO DEL FONDO SIACCI DELLA BIBLIOTECA DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI MATEMATICA RENATO CACCIOPPOLI: DELL'UNIVERSIT FEDERICO II DI NAPOLI

Nuncius ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
ROMANO GATTO ◽  
LUCIANO CARBONE
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title We present here the letters of the "Fondo Siacci" which was found recently while reorganising some papers from the old seat of the library at the Department of Mathematics "Renato Caccioppoli" of the University "Federico II" of Naples, in Via Mezzocannone 8. Grancing at these letters we discovered their interest to reconstruct various historical events of italian mathematics life in the 2nd half of the 19th century.

scholarly journals The development of Turkic studies at Vilnius University

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Galina Miškinienė
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy

Institute of the Lithuanian Language At the beginning of the 19th century, the financial possibility to establish a department of Eastern languages at one of the oldest universities in Eastern Europe, Vilnius University, appeared. Turkish was among the Eastern languages that were expected to be taught. The intensive preparation of lecturers was started. Unfortunately, the ambitious plans were destined to never become reality; in 1832 the university was closed. Nevertheless, over the following two centuries the Turkic direction did not disappear; in one form or another it surfaced and retained its vitality. There was a sympathetic environment: Tartars and Karaims—both Turkic ethnic groups—began settling in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century. Vilnius University was the cradle of many famous Orientalists who maintained Turkic research by their activities. In such a way, two main research subjects appeared: Kitabistik and the Karaim language. In this article, the origin problems, development and prospects of Turkic research will be examined.

Chuvash Nikita Bichurin (Iakinf) and Buryat Dorzhi Banzarov — famous researchers of ethnic culture of Mongols in the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Tikhon Sergeyev ◽  
Vitaly Orlov ◽  
Valery Andreev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The People ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article shows the contribution of two representatives of multinational Russia of the 19th century to the study of the ethnic culture of the Mongols: the first corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from the Chuvash, the founder of Sinology, an outstanding scientist-monk N. Ya. Bichurin (Fr. Iakinfa) (1777-1853) and the first Buryat scientist, the Buryat “Lomonosov”, Dorzhi Banzarov (1822-1855). Coming from the lower classes of the people, they became prominent representatives of the Russian democratic intelligentsia of the 19th century.

Grímsvötn 1919-2019: The legacy of Erik Ygberg and Hakon Wadell

JOKULL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Erik Sturkell ◽  
Magnus Tumi Gudmundsson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Written Sources

The first recorded visit to Grímsvötn occurred on the 31st of August 1919. Two Swedish geology students, Hakon Wadell and Erik Ygberg, stood on the edge of a hitherto unknown large caldera. This discovery was the most significant finding in the first west-to-east transect across Vatnajökull, starting at Síðujökull on the 27th of August. This was an expedition into the unknown, but a principal aim was nevertheless to find the source of the large jökulhlaups on Skeiðarársandur. They named the ice-filled caldera “Svíagígur”. Studies of written sources in the 1930s revealed that this place was indeed Grímsvötn, well known in the 17th and 18th centuries but the name and location had been forgotten in the 19th century. From Svíagígur they continued eastwards, descending down the crevassed Heinabergsjökull, reaching civilization in the morning the 6th. They announced the news that a huge volcano existed under Vatnajökull and this was the source of the jökulhlaups emerging from Skeiðarárjökull. Upon their return to Stockholm, they received a hero’s welcome, but soon it all changed into no one believing them, as prominent figures in Sweden at this time insisted that a volcano can’t be active beneath a glacier! After they finished their studies, both left Sweden very disappointed. Hakon Wadell had a successful geological career in America presenting a doctoral thesis in 1932 from the University of Chicago. Erik Ygberg worked as an international prospector a few years before his bad health, a result of the hardships experienced at the end of the Vatnajökull expedition, forced him back to Sweden, where he had a career at the Swedish Geological Survey. The name Svíagígur has not been used but the two nunataks marking the highest points on Grímsfjall are named in the honour of the two Swedes, Svíahúkur eystri and Svíahnúkur vestri.

scholarly journals The Alhambra: Transformation and Change through Architectural Ceramics

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
María Díez Jorge ◽  
Ignacio Maturana ◽  
Nieves Díaz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Glazed Ceramic ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the following paper, we look at the Alhambra from a perspective of architectural ceramics, an essential element in the understanding of the monument. From the Nasrid era onward, glazed ceramic tile mosaics were used to adorn the walls, a style that extended into the Christian conquest, when the palace complex was used as a royal residence. Since then, restoration work has continued to be carried out on the alicatados that cover the Alhambra’s walls, especially during an intense period in the 19th century, when it was the subject of much interest from Romantic travellers to Granada. A detailed, documented analysis of this work shows the complexity of the palace and fortress complex, helping us to better understand a part of its history. In the following pages, we specifically focus on one room in the Alhambra, the so-called Cuarto Dorado (Golden Room), outlining the preliminary findings of a research project that we are undertaking in association with the University of Granada and the Patronato de la Alhambra y el Generalife (Council of the Alhambra and the Generalife).

Russian Meteorological Investigations in China in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Feklova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the Russian Magneto-Meteorological Observatory (RMMO) in Beijing has not been extensively researched. Sources for this information are Russian (the Russian State Historical Archive, Saint Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences, Russian National Library) and Chinese (the First Historical Archive of Beijing, the Library of the Shanghai Zikavey Observatory) archives. These archival materials can be scientifically and methodologically analyzed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Orthodox Mission (ROM) was founded in the territory of Beijing. Existing until 1955, the ROM performed an important role in the development of Russian–Chinese relations. Russian scientists could only work in Beijing through the ROM due to China’s policy of fierce self-isolation. The ROM became the center of Chinese academic studies and the first training school for Russian sinologists. From its very beginning, it was considered not only a church or diplomatic mission but a research center in close cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this context, the RMMO made important weather investigations in China and the Far East in the 19th century. The RMMO, as well as its branch stations in China and Mongolia, part of a scientific network, represented an important link between Europe and Asia and was probably the largest geographical scientific network in the world at that time.

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