scholarly journals Water Contact Patterns and Urinary Schistosomiasis Transmission among School Children in Endemic Area of Wudil, Kano, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. M ◽  
◽  
Getso, B. U ◽  
Ahmad, U. A.
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Contact Patterns

scholarly journals A multivariate analysis of socio-demographic factors, water contact patterns and Schistosoma mansoni infection in an endemic area in Brazil

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda F. Lima e Costa ◽  
Roberto S. Rocha ◽  
Maria Léa Correa Leite ◽  
Rogério G. Carneiro ◽  
Daniel Colley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Associations between socio-demographic factors, water contact patterns and Schistosoma mansoni infection were investigated in 506 individuals (87% of inhabitants over 1 year of age) in an endemic area in Brazil (Divino), aiming at determining priorities for public health measures to prevent the infection. Those who eliminated S. mansoni eggs (n = 198) were compared to those without eggs in the stools (n = 308). The following explanatory variables were considered: age, sex, color, previous treatment with schistosomicide, place of birth, quality of the houses, water supply for the household, distance from houses to stream, and frequency and reasons for water contact. Factors found to be independently associated with the infection were age (10-19 and > 20 yrs old), and water contact for agricultural activities, fishing, and swimming or bathing (Adjusted relative odds = 5.0, 2.4, 3.2, 2.1 and 2.0, respectively). This suggests the need for public health measures to prevent the infection, emphasizing water contact for leisure and agricultural activities in this endemic area.

scholarly journals Effect of Piped Water Supply on Human Water Contact Patterns in a Schistosoma haematobium-Endemic Area in Coast Province, Kenya

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Noda ◽  
Yoshiki Aoki ◽  
Peter G. Waiyaki ◽  
Simon M. Gatika ◽  
Francis B. M. Kiliku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Contact Patterns

URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN NIGERIA: CONSEQUENCES OF INDIGENOUS BELIEFS AND WATER CONTACT ACTIVITIES

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. O. AMAZIGO ◽  
C. I. ANAGO-AMANZE ◽  
J. C. OKEIBUNOR
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Significant Difference

A study of urinary schistosomiasis in Umueze-Anam, Anambra State, Nigeria, showed a Schistosoma haematobium infection of 26% (85) among school children with no significant difference by sex except when age as a variable is introduced. Eleven percent (37) of the 333 children were positive for haematuria; all these 37 children lived within 1·0 km of the water sources. Of the 85 infected children, swimming and laundering accounted for 65% and 48% of all water contact activities, for boys and girls respectively. One-third of the 230 adults interviewed believed haematuria to be a venereal disease and 20% thought it was a sign of maturity. Individual perception of causation and seriousness of haematuria differed by level of education and by sex. Less than 2% of the respondents knew that snails transmitted the disease. The effects of social restrictions on the epidemiology of infection is discussed.

scholarly journals Long-term impact of childhood malaria infection on school performance among school children in a malaria endemic area along the Thai–Myanmar border

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutchavadee Vorasan ◽  
Wirichada Pan-Ngum ◽  
Podjanee Jittamala ◽  
Wanchai Maneeboonyang ◽  
Prasert Rukmanee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
School Children ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Malaria Endemic Area ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Childhood Malaria

The development of schistosomiasis mansoni in an immunologically naive immigrant population in Masongaleni, Kenya

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. OUMA ◽  
A. J. C. FULFORD ◽  
H. C. KARIUKI ◽  
G. KIMANI ◽  
R. F. STURROCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Time Required

The relocation of several thousand members of the Kamba tribe from the Kyulu Hills to the Thange valley near Masongaleni in Kenya provides an excellent opportunity to study the development of the immune response to schistosomiasis mansoni in a population with little or no previous experience of the infection. An adjacent, well-established Kamba community with similar patterns of water contact provides a suitable endemic control population. The immigrants were, uniquely, examined shortly after their arrival in the endemic area, while the prevalence of infection was still low. At this time faecal egg counts peaked atypically around 30 years of age. Over the next 12–18 months infection increased rapidly, especially among teenagers, producing a pattern of infection more typical of endemic communities. This substantially narrows estimates of the time required to develop the important determinants of the age–intensity profile, supporting the notion that changes related to age per se, rather than duration of infection, dominate. Age-dependent factors might include behaviour or physiology, including immune response. This paper provides the background for continuing longitudinal studies on the development of immunological responses to this parasite.

Urinary Schistosomiasis and Primary Evidence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis among Pupils in Nsugbe Community, Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-402
Author(s):  
O.B. Aribodor ◽  
C.E. Okaka ◽  
S.O. Sam-Wobo ◽  
B.C. Okpala ◽  
D.N. Aribodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Female Genital

Urinary schistosomiasis is considered a major public health parasitic disease in African communities. Prior to this study, Nsugbe community was not considered endemic for the disease and as such was not involved in Praziquantel-Preventive Chemotherapy (PC). Longitudinal study of 281 consented pupils aged 5-16 years was carried out with aim of determining the status of urinary schistosomiasis. Urinalysis laboratory test strip, urine filtration technique and syndromic diagnosis were used for the confirmation of the presence of haematuria in urine samples, identification of Schistosoma haematobium ova and the confirmation of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), respectively. Risk factors for urinary schistosomiasis infection were determined using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Minitab 17 software and intensity of infection categorized following World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Of the 281 pupils, 117 (42%) were males and 164 (58%) were females with mean age of 9 years. At baseline, an overall prevalence of 0.4% (1/281) which was of light intensity was established. At follow-up, an overall prevalence of 2.1% (6/281) which was of both light (16.7%) and heavy infection (83.3%) was established. The result of the clinical examination showed eggs of S. haematobium in and around the vaginal area indicating FGS of a female pupil aged 12 years. This was treated. Identified risk factors for S. haematobium infection in the community include water-contact activities, ignorance, source of water supply among others. The study revealed the need for an all inclusive mass administration of Praziquantel-PC in the study community for effective control and possible elimination.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
S. M. Gamde ◽  
◽  
P. J. Tongvwam ◽  
K. Hauwa ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
North Western

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

scholarly journals High prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in a desert population: results from an exploratory study around the Ounianga lakes in Chad

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendelin Moser ◽  
Annour Adoum Batil ◽  
Rebekka Ott ◽  
Moussa Abderamane ◽  
Ruth Clements ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Bulinus Truncatus ◽  
Contact Sites ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Trematode Parasites

Abstract Background Researching a water-borne disease in the middle of the Sahara desert might not seem the most relevant concern. However, nomadic Sahelian pastoralists health concerns regarding their livestock and anecdotal reports about trematode infections of Fasciola spp. and Schistosoma spp. in desert-raised animals justified an exploratory study focusing on the lakes of Ounianga in Northern Chad. The aim was to test whether trematode parasites such as Schistosoma spp. occur in human populations living around the Sahara desert lakes of Ounianga Kebir and Ounianga Serir in northern Chad. Methods The study was carried out in January 2019 and comprised of three components. First, a cross sectional survey based on a random sample drawn from the population to detect infections with S. haematobium and S. mansoni; second, focus group discussions exploring disease priorities, access to health and health seeking behaviour; and third, surveying water contact sites for intermediate host snails. Samples of trematode parasites and snails were confirmed on species level by molecular genetic methods. For parasitological and malacological surveys descriptive statistics were performed. Qualitative data analysis included the full review of all transcripts, followed by a descriptive and explorative thematic analysis. Results Among 258 participants, the overall S. haematobium prevalence using urine filtration was 39.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 33.5–45.1%], with 51.5% of the infected suffering from heavy infection. The intermediate host snail of S. haematobium (Bulinus truncatus) occurred at water contact sites near both study villages, revealing the potential for local transmission. Although a positive S. mansoni point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test result was obtained from 8.6% (95% CI 5.7–12.8%) of the samples, no intermediate host snails of S. mansoni were found, and the relevance of S. mansoni remains uncertain. Qualitative findings underline the importance of morbidity caused by urinary schistosomiasis, and the lack of access to diagnostics and treatment as a major health concern. Conclusions This research revealed a high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the population living around the lakes of Ounianga in the Sahara, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) world heritage site in Chad. Despite the high public health importance of the associated morbidity expressed by the population, there is no access to diagnostics and treatment. Further work is needed to develop and test a context-adapted intervention. Graphical Abstract

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