Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

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Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 49-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽

Charity Ngozi Okonkwo

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Full Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57

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Determination of Anthropometric Indicators of 2 to 6 Years Old Kindergarten and Preschool Children in Isfahan City in 2017

Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion ◽

10.18502/ohhp.v3i3.1973 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Majid ZARRIN KAFSH ◽

Gholam Hossein HALVANI ◽

Hossein FALLAH ◽

Mahsa ASGARI

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Two Factors ◽

And Gender ◽

Age Range ◽

Age And Sex

Introduction: Creation of anthropometric database in any age group is one of the most important issues in designing and manufacturing of used equipment. The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of nurses of kindergartens and preschools in Isfahan in the age range of 2 to 6 years and to create an information reference.Materials and Methods: In this applied study, 700 healthy male and female boys were selected randomly from cluster sampling from nursery schoolchildren and preschools in Isfahan city. 36 anthropometric measurements of them were cross-sectional in the academic year 1396 to 1397. And indicators and statistical percentiles (5.50 and 95) were extracted.Results: Statistical indexes and percentiles were presented as an anthropometric database in 5 age groups and in two sex groups. Age and sex were influenced by most anthropometric variables and significant difference (P <0.05). .Conclusion: The age and sex are two factors affecting anthropometric variables. Therefore, it is necessary to use the anterpometric database of the same age group and gender in the design of the equipment.

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Screening for gestational diabetes in low-risk women: effect of maternal age

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2017-0071 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Aida Kalok ◽

Pravin Peraba ◽

Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽

Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽

Mohamad Abdul Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Subsequent Pregnancy ◽

Low Risk ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Risk Women

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is on the rise globally and there are various screening guidelines with regard to patients’ criteria. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of GDM amongst low-risk pregnant women above the age of 25 years. A modified glucose tolerance test (MGTT) was performed between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Women with GDM were divided into two groups for analysis: age between 25 and 34 years (group A) and above 35 years (group B). They were managed as per hospital protocol and followed-up until delivery. The women’s demographic data, treatment and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were analysed. Results The overall prevalence of GDM in our low-risk women was 14%. GDM was less common in the younger age group (25–34 years) in comparison to those aged above 35 years (9.7% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in the induction of labour (IOL) rate amongst those aged below 35 years compared to the older group (46.7 % vs. 38.5%). The insulin requirement in the age group 25–34 years and above 35 years, were 6.7% and 23.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between both age groups with regard to caesarean delivery, birth weight above the 95th centile and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Conclusion In low-risk women, the prevalence of GDM is significantly lower in those aged less than 35 years. Diagnosing GDM had resulted in the increment of IOL in this group, although with no significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity.

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Stroke in the Brain Scanner at Kinshasa University Clinics and Marie Biamba Mutombo Hospital: A Case Series Study

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/ijhsr.20210404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

Mbaki Bula Samuel ◽

Nkodila Natuhoyila Aliocha ◽

Lelo Tshikwela Michel

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Series ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Significant Difference

Background and objective: Strokes represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. But data relating to this in sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. The objective of this study is to identify traumatic pathologies with CT scan in patients followed in hospitals in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study of data from the medical records of patients having performed a cerebral CT scan covering a period of 24 months at the University Clinics of Kinshasa and at the Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital. The study parameters are of three kinds, those relating to socio-demographic data (age, sex, date of the CT scan); those relating to the clinical data and the indications for the examination and the CT data. Results: Among the 717 cases of stroke diagnosed by CT scan, 529 were of the ischemic type while 188 were of the hemorrhagic type (Figure 1). The ischemic stroke / hemorrhagic stroke ratio was 3/1. The demographic transition was very characteristic for all strokes increasing with advancing age 18.4% in the age 0-19 years, 14% in the age group 20-49 years, 27.8%, and 56.6% in age ≥ 60 years. Comparisons of the proportions of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes by sex and age groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the sex of patients between the types of stroke (P> 0.05) when there was a statistically significant difference in the proportions of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes between age groups. There was therefore an exponential type curve of the proportions of ischemic-type strokes according to age advancement: the highest frequency at age ≥ 60 years. Conclusion: strokes are frequent in Kinshasa; they are characterized by a high frequency of ischemic stroke and increase with age. Key words: Stroke, CT scan, Epidemiological transition hospitals in Kinshasa.

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Parent’s Experiences from the Treatment of their Children at the Physic Children’s Surgery Clinic in Skopje.

Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery ◽

10.32391/ajtes.v4i1.88 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Trajchevska ◽

A. Lleshi ◽

S. Gjoshev ◽

A. Trajchevski

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Status ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Parental Satisfaction ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Simple Random Sample ◽

Significant Independent Predictor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The respect of the needs and wishes of the patients is in the focus of the human health system. The experience of the parents in terms of child’s health care may be used as an indicator of quality of the health care. Material and methods: The research is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, simple random sample of 207 parents / guardians is covered, whose children in the period of three months, had been hospitalized in the hospital department JZUU Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Skopje.It was used a two parted questionnaire. The first part is a standardized questionnaire (Parent Experience of Pediatric Care - PECP), and the second part concerns the general socio-demographic data of the parent/guardian. Statistical evaluation was performed using appropriate statistical programs (Statistics for Windows 7,0 and SPSS 17.0). Results: In accordance with the age of the parents, the survey respondents were divided into two groups: a) age ≤ 33 years - 107 (51.69%) and b) age> 33 years - 100 (48.31%).Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the receipt of their child to the clinic research confirms the age of the parent under / over 33 years due to 4.1% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,041). Parents generally believe that their children's room of the clinic is "good", without significant difference between parental satisfaction from both age groups (Mann-Whitney U Test Z = -0,9613 p = 0,3364). Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the room of their child improves the health status after treatment due to 6% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,060). Parents generally believe that testing and treatment of their children in the clinic was "very good" and an independent significant predictor is to improve the health status after the treatment - 7,8% (R2 = 0,078). Conclusions: Regardless of the generally good parental satisfaction about health care for their children, it is necessary to continuously monitor the status of the clinic in order to consider the possible deficiencies and needs of intervention.

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Exploring Why Adult Mexican Males Do Not Get Vaccinated: Implications for COVID-19 Preventive Actions

Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1177/0739986320956913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 515-527

Author(s):

V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder ◽

Deliana Garcia ◽

Roxana Pineda ◽

Jessica Calderon ◽

Dania Diaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preventive Medicine ◽

Age Groups ◽

Adult Males ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Administrative Services ◽

Minority Males ◽

Socially Disadvantaged ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Socially Excluded ◽

Age Range

Vaccination is the single most important preventive medicine action worldwide. However, there are inequalities in the procurement of vaccines particularly among US ethnic and racial minority males when compared to the rest of the US population. This study explored the reasons given by adult Mexican-origin males residing in Texas, for obtaining or not, immunizations. This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study with a sample of convenience of 401 adult males (age range 18–79) who were invited to participate in the study while waiting their turn to receive administrative services at the Mexican Consulate in Austin Texas. Data was collected in Spanish with a seven-item multiple choice questionnaire, using electronic tablets. The majority of respondents received their last vaccination longer than 5 years earlier. A higher percentage of individuals in the older age groups received a vaccine in the last year, as opposed to their younger counterparts who obtained their last immunization 3 to 5 years earlier. Among the reasons given for not getting vaccinated were lack of time or money, feared injections and side effects, insufficient information, interest or motivation. Others did not get vaccines because they perceived themselves to be healthy and did not feel sick. Findings from this study have important implications for future preventive medicine and vaccination practices that reach socially excluded groups in times of COVID-19. Recommendations are made to facilitate access to vaccines to the target group of this study and other socially disadvantaged populations in the global health context.

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The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312519839713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽

Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽

Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽

Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽

Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

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Pathogenicity and non-opportunistic character of Blastocystis spp.: a hospital-based survey in Central Cameroon

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (05) ◽

pp. 373-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stéphanie Jupsa-Mbiandou ◽

Samuel Fosso ◽

Edimo Billé ◽

Tito T Mélachio-Tanekou ◽

Gideon Ajeagah-Aghaindum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blastocystis Spp ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction: Blastocystis spp. is a protist found in humans. Although usually the most frequent protozoa found in stool samples of both symptomatic and healthy subjects, its pathogenic or rather opportunistic role is yet to be clearly elucidated. To attempt to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the frequency of Blastocystis spp. in HIV positive (HIV+) versus HIV negative (HIV-) individuals in four health facilities of the Center Region of Cameroon. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive and 245 HIV negative subjects and analyzed using direct diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 46 (8.7%) individuals were found infected with Blastocystis spp., including 6.7% HIV positive and 11.0% HIV negative. This species was more frequent in urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas, but evenly distributed among genders and age groups as well as among all sectors of activity. The prevalence of Blastocystis spp. (11.3%) was higher in HIV+ patients with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells / mm3, but no significant difference was found among HIV clinical stages. Likewise prevalence, the mean number of cysts per gram of stool was similar between HIV positive and HIV negative individuals. People infected with Blastocystis spp. showed diverse clinical signs, but only flatulence was significantly more prevalent. The frequencies of these clinical signs were not related to HIV status. Conclusion: No clear relationship links the infection with Blastocystis spp. to HIV, although its presence was associated with digestive disorder, suggesting that this parasite might not be opportunist.

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Comparison of sensorineural hearing loss characteristics in different hemodialysis vascular accesses

Auditory and Vestibular Research ◽

10.18502/avr.v29i4.4642 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Behieh Kohansall ◽

Nasser Saeedi ◽

Moeinoddin Hossein Beigi ◽

Azam Moslemi ◽

Akram Valizadeh

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Life Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the complications in hemodialysis patients. Vascular access (VA) represents a lifeline for these patients affecting their life quality and clinical outcomes. Arteriovenous fistula is the gold standard of VAs with minor complications and better hemodialysis adequacy. There is no study investigating hearing differences in hemodialysis VAs. Hence, this study aimed to compare SNHL characteristics amongst hemodialysis VAs. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 64 patients aged 18−60 years received regular hemodialysis in 2019. Demographic data and comorbid conditions were recorded based on patients’ case records and electronic databases. After a physical examination, otoscopy, tympanometry, and conventional audiometry, patients were divided into fistula (n = 26), permanent catheter (n = 36), and temporary catheter (n = 2) groups according to vascular access type. Results: Prevalence rate of SNHL was 63.89%, 50% and 50% in the permanent catheter, fistula and temporary catheter groups, respectively. Most patients had mild sloping-SNHL in the permanent catheter and fistula groups as against moderate degree in the other group. There was no significant difference in hearing thresholds, degree and audiogram shape among VA groups. No significant relation was found between age, sex, hemodialysis duration and disease duration with hearing loss in all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: More patients had SNHL in permanent catheter group. Vascular access types, longer duration of hemodialysis and disease duration do not seem to be associated with SNHL. However, further investigation is needed to clarify the relationship. Keywords: Sensorineural hearing loss; vascular access; chronic renal failure; hemodialysis

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Investigating social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018: A cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-257862/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiva Bozorgpanah ◽

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Pourya Bahrami ◽

Elham Noori ◽

Mohammad Pourya Ezati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Improper Use ◽

Spss Software ◽

Use Of Social Media

Abstract Background and Aim: the present study was conducted to investigate social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional-analytical study. The total of 380 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected by Probability Proportional to Size Sampling method, from the lists of the students in each faculty. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, organized in four sections. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software version 21.Results: Based on the results of this study 373 (98.2%) of the sample students were on social media, which the most popular ones among them were Telegram (94.1%), Instagram (78.8%) and Whatsapp (61.9%), respectively. The average time spent on social media among students was reported to be 2.78 hours per day and is a significant difference between age groups in terms of attitudes toward using social media (P = 0.031).Conclusion: the results of this study suggested that the majority of students use social media. Since improper use of social media can exert unfortunate effects on different aspects of life of students, and negatively influence their education.

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