The paradoxes of just-in-time system: an abductive analysis of a public food manufacturing and exporting company in Thailand

Purpose study aims to investigate the implementation and impact of a just-in-time (JIT) system in a food manufacturing and exporting company in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach At the company, the authors used an anomaly case study. The authors performed content analysis on the data collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observations to determine operational flows through customer order, production and delivery. The authors constructed a framework that helped in mapping current operations and subsequently assessing JIT’s impacts; the authors reported the best practices to the company’s owner. Based on the follow-up after a year, the authors used an abductive approach to refine the JIT theory using data from case organizations and relevant studies. Findings The company encountered errors and delays in international delivery owing to inadequate inputs resulting from uncertain agricultural production, delayed contact with freight forwarders, improper documentation and insufficient staffing. Besides the highly centralized system, the limitations of the JIT philosophy contributed to the issues, thereby increasing mental and physical health problems and turnover rate. Owing to these paradoxical effects, the authors extended the JIT theory. Of the study’s several recommendations, the company observed only the following: contacting the freight forwarder after the purchase order confirmation, not production completion. The authors observed increased customer satisfaction, despite the additional cost of booking containers early. Originality/value This research presents a balanced JIT that can minimize JIT’s impacts and resource shortage, owing to demand-supply uncertainties and sustain competitiveness.

LEGAL ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTING THE INSTITUTE OF AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR

The article covers current legal issues on implementing the institution of an authorized economic operator (AEO). The directions for developing the domestic economic and transport legislation are outlined. According to the International Monetary Fund data, supply chain disruptions have become a major challenge for the global economy since the start of the pandemic caused by COVID–19. Shutdowns of factories in China in early 2020, lockdowns in several countries across the world, labour shortages, as well as demand for tradable goods, disruptions to logistics networks have resulted in big increases in freight costs and delivery times. It is noted that the ongoing problems in the supply chain have caused some changes in the development of trade relations of Ukraine with other countries due to its transit state status. The institute of authorized economic operator was established in Ukraine according to the Law of Ukraine «On the amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine on certain issues of functioning of authorized economic operators» adopted in October 2, 2019. It is emphasized that implementing the institution of the authorized economic operator corresponds to Ukraine’s obligations under the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. It is noted that more than 80 % of all customs clearance in the EU is carried out by companies with AEO authorization. A resident business entity as a participant of the international supply chain (including manufacturer, exporter, importer, customs representative, carrier, freight forwarder, warehouse keeper) may be authorized economic operators due to multi-stage conformity assessment system. In addition, the current legislation should be updated, in particular relevant provisions of the Economic Code of Ukraine, transport codes and laws in order to provide legal basis for authorized economic operators’ activities as the participants of freight transportation, as well as unifying the legal requirements for the AEO and carriers, freight forwarders, etc.

Choosing a logistics scheme for cargo delivery

Objective: To choose a logistics scheme for cargo delivery considering the vehicle selection factors, to calculate the location of a transport and logistics center. Methods: The analysis of the logistics scheme of cargo delivery, the ranking of the parameters of the transport types, and the method of determining the gravity center of the places of origin/extinguishment of the cargo traffic have been used to determine the transport and logistics center. Results: Typical logistics schemes for cargo delivery are presented, the parameters of the transport types are ranked for selecting a vehicle, the coordinates of the transport and logistics center are calculated depending on the places of origin/extinguishment and the capacity of cargo traffic, and a diagram of the next stage of designing the logistics chain is developed. Practical importance: The article presents an opportunity for a cargo owner and a freight forwarder to choose a logistics scheme for delivering cargo based on standard options and transport type ranking by a number of parameters. The sequence of determining the location of the transport and logistics center is shown

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kurir dalam Sistem Cash on Delivery Belanja Online

This study aims to find out the legal position of the couriers in online shopping activities, especially in the payment method of COD (Cash on Delivery); the legal protection that can be given to the COD couriers; and the legal protection for the couriers who encounter buyers who default and refuse the goods they ordered. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method by examining library materials or secondary data sources, namely laws and regulations, books, and legal studies. Based on this method, the research was conducted using a statutory approach and a case approach. The results show that the legal position of the couriers in the online shopping with COD method of payment is as a recipient of a deposit, as a person who represents a freight forwarder in carrying out the power of attorney from the seller, and as a recipient of payment from the buyer. The legal protection that can be given to the couriers is ensuring that the couriers are not responsible for any discrepancy or damage to goods that are not caused by his mistake or negligence.

Klaim Asuransi Muatan Kapal Laut (Marine Cargo Insurance) sebagai Wujud Pertanggungjawaban Freight Forwarder pada PT Pelayaran Meratus Line

Salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan freight forwarder adalah bertanggung jawab terhadap sistem pengelolaan pengiriman dan pengaturan barang agar menjadi efisien, tepat, dan aman. Kegiatan freight forwarder menjadi satu-kesatuan yang tidak dapat dihilangkan, informasi dan strategi pengurusan dokumen dan prosedur pengiriman bertujuan untuk memberikan jasa pelayanan atau pengurusan atas seluruh kegiatan yang diperlukan. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengkaji bentuk tanggung jawab perusahaan pelayaran dalam menyelesaikan pertanggung jawaban barang yang dimuat yang mungkin akan rusak atau hilang saat termuat dengan menggunakan kapal niaga serta keperluan dokumen apa saja yang diperlukan untuk pengurusannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif untuk menjelaskan proses tersebut, sampel diambil di PT. Pelayaran Meratus Line, representasi diharapkan dapat diberikan oleh sampel ini. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, interview, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mereduksi data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut: PT. Pelayaran Meratus Line melakukan pengurusan dokumen-dokumen untuk barang yang akan di ekspor dan melakukan pembukaan polis asuransi untuk barang muatan yang akan di angkut, sehingga apabila terjadi kerusakan atau kekurangan kelebihan barang bisa diajukan klaim asuransi sehingga tidak menumbulkan kerugian antara kedua belah pihak perusahaan. Rekomendasi manajerial untuk perusahaan adalah dokumen-dokumen yang diperlukan untuk pengajuan klaim asuransi harus dipersiapkan dari awal secara lengkap dengan tujuan ketika terjadi klaim barang antara perusahaan dan pihak asuransi sudah mampu melakukan disposisi laporan secara optimal.

The Case Study of International Transport by the Freight Forwarder in France

The article presents an analysis of the freight forwarder and carrier costs on transport in chosen country of Western Europe. Costs of transport point out to several existing problems in this part of Europe. The case study is given that deals about chosen transport in France. The article contains a review of transport routes during 2019, which were performed by an international forwarding company. These sessions were carried out in problematic areas in France. These are the transport of refrigerated and frozen perishable goods. The shipments are realized between logistics centres in France. The high problem is with carriers, with qualifications of their drivers, the number of drivers and seasonality of the goods. The article describes these problems as dependences of the forwarder´s costs on individual transport routes. The article deals about more solutions, which could be used in this part of Europe.

Analisa Kekuatan Internal Dan Perubahan Eksternal Dalam Menentukan Strategi Daya Saing Perusahaan

Background - Strategy formulation is often a complicated process that requires adopting a systematic approach to diagnosing external factors and to match these external factors with internal capabilities, therefore strategy formulation is an important measure of a company's success in winning the competition at the national level or maybe even at the international level. Purpose – This study aims to provide an academic paper on freight Forwarder company management which is the object of research in determining future company strategies by identifying SWOT and TOWS in order to uncover strategies to exploit strengths and opportunities as well as to improve weaknesses and overcome these threats. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This study uses a qualitative approach in answering the formulation of research problems. The data collection method consists of a comprehensive review of the literature and a part of interviews with management executives at freight forwarders. Data analysis uses the IFE approach and the EFE Matrix, to map the scores and weightings of internal strengths and external changes. Result and Discussion – Combining the IFE and EFE analysis, we get a company positioning plot at the medium or hold and maintain level, which means that the company's current focus is on market penetration and product / service development. Conclusion – The TOWS matrix produces a series of proposed strategies, namely SO, WO, ST, and WT that echo internal and external conditions, so it is hoped that the four proposed strategies will be able to increase the competitiveness of companies in the national arena. Research Limitation - This research is limited to companies within the scope of freight forwarders in the city of Surabaya. Research in different years with the same variables is suggested to be carried out in the future, considering that internal changes and external changes will follow changes in time. Research Implications - This research can be used as a reference for other companies in the freight forwarder sector to determine the direction of the company's future strategy, however, these results are only valid for companies that are the object of research, all variables must be changed and adjusted to the conditions of each company. the proposed strategy becomes valid. Acknowledgment - This research was carried out in collaboration with companies in the field of freigt forwarders in the city of Surabaya, along with their leaders who took the time and willingness to complete this research study.

Analysis of customer satisfaction in freight forwarder industry using Servqual, IPA and FMEA methods

A company service’s higher quality is indicated by its service performance’s effectiveness and efficiency. This can increase customers’ satisfaction, thus leads to the increase of company income. This research objective was to know the effects of 5 dimensions constructing service quality, including the effects of service quality on customers’ satisfaction in freight forwarder industry. Current research collected data through purposive sampling, by distributing questionnaire to 86 customers continued by data processing by measuring the gap and tested statistically using SmartPLS program, priority scale mapping using Importance Performance Analysis, and improvement using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. The first findings obtained from this research was analysis result using IPA discovering 10 indicators which require improvement in which 7 indicators were found the same through GAP measurement. The second finding was the biggest component which needs improvement in freight forwarder service in Indonesia, which is reliability dimension. Therefore, concerns need to be given to these matters so that more accurate and reliable service can be provided.

Wanprestasi Perusahaan Freight Forwarder dalam Pengiriman Barang Muatan Melalui Laut

Penelitian ini mengenai wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan Freight Forwarder terhadap pengirim barang. Penelitian ini berdasarkan Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata), Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Dagang (KUHD), Undang-Undang Pelayaran, dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Berdasarkan penelitian di PT. IFB Indonesia Surabaya. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara studi pustaka seperti melakukan kegiatan membaca berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, dan sumber ilmu lainnya terkait dengan penelitian, penelitian juga ditunjang dengan adanya wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan kualitatif terhadap data primer dan sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk dari wanprestasi yang dilakukan yaitu barang muatan milik pengirim barang rusak saat tiba di tempat tujuan. Perjanjian antara pengirim barang dengan Perusahaan Freight Forwarder berbentuk perjanjian tertulis yang jenisnya perjanjian baku. Perjanjian antara pengirim barang dan Perusahaan Freight Forwarder masih memiliki kekurangan seperti klausul perjanjian kurang memuat kewajiban Freight Forwarder, perjanjian dalam bahasa Indonesia kurang mudah untuk dipahami, beberapa klausul yang ada dalam perjanjian kurang jelas, kurang nya klausul “penyelesaian permasalahan diutamakan dilakukan secara musyawarah”, dan dalam pemberian ganti rugi belum sesuai dengan perjanjian maupun KUHD. Upaya hukum yang dilakukan adalah Pemberian ganti kerugian yang merupakan tanggung jawab dari Perusahaan Freight Forwarder. Perlindungan hukum yang dipilih dalam kasus ini menggunakan jalur non litigasi yang berbentuk negosiasi.