Hedging and non-hedging trading strategies on commodities using the d-Backtest PS method. Optimized trading system hedging

Modern trading systems are mechanic, run automatically on computers inside trading platforms and decide their position against the market through optimized parameters and algorithmic strategies. These systems now, in most cases, comprise high frequency traders, especially in the Forex market.In this research, a piece of software of an automatic high frequency trading system was developed, based on the technical indicator PIVOT (price level breakthrough). The system made transactions on hourly closing prices with weekly parameters optimization period, using the d-Backtest PS method.Through the search and checking of the results, two findings for optimization of trading strategy were found. These findings with the order they were examined and are presented in this paper are as follows: (1) the simultaneous use of “long and short” positions, with different parameters in a hedging account, acts as a hedging strategy, minimizing losses, in relation to a “long or short” in a non-hedging account for the same time period and (2) there is weak correlation of past backtesting periods between the same systems, if they are configured for “long and short” trades, or for just “long” or for just “short”.

Stock Liquidity and Frim Investment—Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies*

<p><em>From the perspective of market microstructure, this paper investigates the relationship between stock liquidity, firm investment and capital allocation efficiency. This paper finds that firm investment is positively related to stock liquidity. Moreover, financial constraint, firm growth and risk affect the relationship between firm investment and stock liquidity. In addition, stock liquidity can help firm better utilize investment opportunities, indicated by higher investment and Tobin’ Q sensitivities. We also show that firms with good liquidity can lower the investment and Tobin’s Q sensitivities when there are no good investment opportunities. The findings of this paper indicate that stock liquidity have positive effect on firm investment. Therefore, </em><em>to strengthen the effectiveness of stock liquidity, the Chinese government should continue to reform ownership structure and corporate governance, strengthen information disclosure and stepped up its crackdown against inside trading.</em></p>

MEASURING THE EXTENT OF INSIDE TRADING IN HORSE BETTING MARKETS

This paper develops a theoretical framework for and models optimal price setting by on-course bookmakers in the racetrack betting market. This framework suggests that opening prices should include a premium that compensates bookmakers for the risk that insiders will account for private information and exploit any mis-pricing made by the bookmakers. The model is an extension of the model developed by Makropoulou and Markellos (2007) for football betting to the racetrack betting market. Using an extensive dataset and performing Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the potential value of new information, we measure insider trading in the Australian racetrack betting market.

Do RRA Earnings Improve the Usefulness of Reported Earnings in Reflecting the Performance of Oil and Gas Producing Firms?

This study employs a regression model and an inside-trading model to evaluate whether three component values of the Reserve Recognition Accounting (RRA) Supplemental Earnings Summary improve the extent to which reported earnings reflect factors affecting stock prices. The analysis is conducted for the 1979-1980 period of volatile oil prices, when the events that the RRA Earnings Summary was designed to reflect (exploration and discovery) were more likely to be significant. Results from the regression analysis indicate that RRA earnings variables make a significant incremental contribution to explaining the variance in abnormal returns accumulated over the fiscal years described by the annual earnings values. Results from an inside-trading model indicate that advance knowledge of RRA earnings would be more useful to an investor than advance knowledge of the traditional historical cost earnings. The implication of these results is that data from the RRA Supplemental Earnings Summary improve the usefulness of reported earnings in reflecting the performance of oil and gas producing firms.