Cultivar of oil flax Y 220

The oil flax cultivar Y 220 is developed by a method of individual selection from a line k4165 at severe background after 6-field flax monocrop. It was estimated by resistance to fusariose in epicentrum of fusariose infection and to flax sickness at monocrop cultivation. Due to results of variety trials for 2019–2020, the cultivar Y 220 exceeded the standard cultivar FLIZ by yield by 0.77 t per ha. Plant height is 80–90 cm. Vegetative period is 75–80 days. Weight of 1000 seeds is equal to 6.02–6.06 g. Seeds color is brown. Oil content is 44.4%; linolenic acid content is lowered (23.3%). The cultivar Y 220 is differed with full resistance to flax sickness and high field resistance to fusarium wilt. This makes it possible to cultivate it in short crop rotations and at monocrop.

Incipient diploidization of the medicinal plant Perilla within 10,000 years

Perilla is a young allotetraploid Lamiaceae species widely used in East Asia as herb and oil plant. Here, we report the high-quality, chromosome-scale genomes of the tetraploid (Perilla frutescens) and the AA diploid progenitor (Perilla citriodora). Comparative analyses suggest post Neolithic allotetraploidization within 10,000 years, and nucleotide mutation in tetraploid is 10% more than in diploid, both of which are dominated by G:C → A:T transitions. Incipient diploidization is characterized by balanced swaps of homeologous segments, and subsequent homeologous exchanges are enriched towards telomeres, with excess of replacements of AA genes by fractionated BB homeologs. Population analyses suggest that the crispa lines are close to the nascent tetraploid, and involvement of acyl-CoA: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase gene for high α-linolenic acid content of seed oil is revealed by GWAS. These resources and findings provide insights into incipient diploidization and basis for breeding improvement of this medicinal plant.

Innovative Approach to Wheat-Flax Flour Producing

An innovative approach to the obtaining of wheat-flax flour has been developed, it is based on the use of polished wheat groats and semolina for subsequent grinding together with flax seeds. The technological scheme for grinding a two-component grain mixture included one break system and three reduction systems. It is found that the introduction of flax seeds into the milling grist has a significant effect on all quality indicators, and the greatest effect was revealed at the processing of a mixture of semolina and flax seeds. Statistical analysis made it possible to establish a linear character of the dependence of the flour whiteness on the yield (R = 0.96 - 0.99). The protein and fat content in wheat-flax flour № 1 (wheat groats + flax) is 14.0% and 3.8%, and in wheat-flax flour № 2 (semolina + flax) – 12.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The essential linolenic acid content in wheat-flax flour №1 and №2 is 49.34% and 45.55%, respectively, while it is 2.95% for top-grade wheat flour. The new approach made it possible to significantly simplify the grinding process, abandon multi-grade grinding, and achieve a uniform distribution of fat among flour varieties. The resulting wheat-flax flour contains the required amount of PUFAs in accordance with the recommended consumption rates and the inclusion of products from it in the diet of a modern person can compensate for the lack of PUFAs of the ɷ-3 family.

The Effect of Climate Change on Linolenic Fatty Acid in Oilseed Rape

Linolenic acid content plays a significant role in the quality of oilseed rape oil. With the use of a model developed to calculate linolenic acid content depending on temperature, we performed simulations focused on the predicted changes of linolenic acid content triggered by expected climate change. The aim of the study was realized with the use of meteorological data recorded at 16 locations, representing 16 provinces in Poland, in the period of 1986–2005, and values obtained after the transformation of the recorded data to reflect temperature changes in four different representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5) according to the gfdl_esm2m climate model. The results of the simulations performed under all tested scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5) for all analyzed periods (2020–2039, 2040–2059, 2060–2079, 2080–2099) indicate a reduction of linolenic acid content as an effect of climate change. The comparison of simulation results obtained with and without allowing for the influence of temperature on oilseed rape development revealed the dominant role of direct influence in modifying the linolenic acid content. An analysis of the results also indicated how indirect influence of climate change, as expressed in changes of linolenic acid content generated by the acceleration of oilseed rape maturation, reduces the direct influence of climate change, expressed in changes of linolenic acid content caused by temperature. Additionally, simulation results point to opportunities, triggered by climate change, for a diversity of regions in terms of linolenic acid content in comparison to the years of 1986–2005.

Construction of A High-Density SNP Genetic Map by Genotyping-By-Sequencing and Location of Seed Quality traits in Flax (Linum usitatisimum L.)

Background Oil and five main fatty acid content(especially linolenic acid content (LNA) )are six main quality traits in flax, and also the important target traits in flax breeding. However, the reports on genetic map construction and QTL mapping of linolenic acid content in flax are limited, which results in low accuracy and efficiency of quality breeding in oil flax. Construction the genetic linkage map and location the QTLs to discover the stable genetic QTLs sites related to oil content and fatty acid content, so as to provide targeted targets for breeders and improve breeding efficiency. Results In this study, a final integrated map consisting of 2,239 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on 15 linkage groups (LGs) with an average distance of 0.46 cM between adjacent markers was generated using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique. A total of 21 quantitative trait loci (QTL)s for the six traits, i.e., palmitic acid content (PAL), stearic acid content (STE), oleic acid content (OLE), linoleic acid content (LIN), linolenic acid content (LNA), and oil content (OIL) in the RIL population under three environments. One QTL cluster harbored two QTLs for LIN and LNA trait, respectively was also identified. Especially, QTL qLIN-Group12-2 for LIN and QTL qLNA-Group12-2 for LNA on chromosome 12 were detected in multi-environments. Conclusions A high-density SNP genetic map with total 2239 markers was constructed with GBS technique, The total genetic distance of the SNP map was 1032.90 cM, with the average genetic distance of 0.46 cM per marker. A total of 21 quantitative trait loci (QTL)s for the six traits under three environments were determined. One QTL cluster harbored two QTLs for LIN and LNA trait, respectively was also identified. QTL qLIN-Group12-2 for LIN and QTL qLNA-Group12-2 for LNA on chromosome 12 were detected in multi-environments. These results provide more information for determining the seed quality related candidate genes and contribute to the marker-assisted selection in flax breeding.

Goat yoghurt drinks with elevated α-linolenic acid content and enriched with yacon fiber

Goat milk and goat milk products are very valuable in human nutrition because of their favorable nutrient composition which can be further boosted by the addition of prebiotic fiber and probiotic bacteria. It has also been possible to change the fatty acid profile of goat milk through feed composition. The aim of this study was to increase the nutritional value of goat milk by producing a probiotic yoghurt drink made from milk with elevated omega-3 fatty acids and enriched with natural yacon prebiotics. Goat nutrition is one of the key factors how we can naturally increase omega-3 fatty acid content in goat milk. In our study, twenty four White Shorthair goats were divided into the control and experimental group which was supplemented with 55 mL of linseed oil per day for eight weeks to increase the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the milk. The yoghurt milk drinks were formulated from individual goat milk samples with added bifidobacteria and yacon prebiotics. Our results showed that goat feed supplementation with linseed oil indeed positively changed fatty acid profile of goat milk in which α-linolenic acid content increased while, at the same time, lauric, myristic and palmitic acid contents decreased. Also, yoghurt drinks enriched with yacon prebiotics have shown higher bifidobacteria counts compared to the control.