ANALYSIS OF THE WAYS OF GRINDING OF BEAN CULTURES SEEDS

Рассмотрены способы измельчения семян люпина и эспарцета на существующем в кондитерском производстве оборудовании – дезинтеграторе, валковой дробилке и трехвалковой мельнице с целью повышения эффективности дробления семян бобовых культур и, как следствие, их биологической ценности после дезинтегральной обработки. Установлено, что с увеличением зазора между валками возрастает среднее значение размеров дробленых частиц, т. е. доля крупных фракций увеличивается, мелких – снижается, при этом дисперсия существенно не меняется. При использовании валковой дробилки, варьируя величину зазора между валками и частоту вращения, можно оптимизировать режим дробления. Доказано, что применение для дробления семян вертикальной трехвалковой мельницы с засыпанными в нее вместе с семенами бобовых культур металлическими твердосплавными шарами за счет комбинаций ударных и истирающих воздействий на частицы семян интенсифицирует процесс, снижает время помола и способствует получению равномерного гранулометрического состава, обеспечивая высокий эффект измельчения сырья с сохранением его качественных показателей. The ways of grinding of seeds lupine and cock's head on the existing in the confectionery industry equipment, disintegrator, roller crusher and three-roll mill with the purpose of increase of efficiency of the grinding bean cultures seeds and, consequently, their biological value after disintegrating treatment were considered. It is established that with increase in gap between the rolls, the average value of the sizes of crushed particles increase, i.e. the share of large fractions increases, small – decreases, this variance does not change significantly. When using roll crusher, by varying the size of the gap between the rolls and the rotational speed can optimize the crushing mode. It is proved that use for crushing seeds vertical three-roll mill with filled in it along with the seeds of legumes metal carbide balls due to the combinations of impact and abrasive effects on the particles of seed intensifies process reduces grind time and helps to ensure a uniform particle size distribution, providing a high effect grinding of raw materials while maintaining its quality.

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of 2D Transition Metal Carbide (MXene)/Metal Ion Composites

In this work, Ti3C2, which has a loosely packed accordion-like structure in transition metal carbide (MXene) form, is fabricated and adsorbed by three metal ions (Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+). The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of Ti3C2 and Ti3C2:Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+ films is researched in detail, demonstrating that the EMI shielding effectiveness can be improved by adsorbing by Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+ ions because the metal ion adsorbing can improve the absorption efficiency via electromagnetic wave scattering. The studied Ti3C2:Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+ films can be used as good EMI shielding materials for communications, electronics, military, and other applications.

The Reactive Sites of Methane Activation: A Comparison of IrC3+ with PtC3+

The activation reactions of methane mediated by metal carbide ions MC3+ (M = Ir and Pt) were comparatively studied at room temperature using the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations. MC3+ (M = Ir and Pt) ions reacted with CH4 at room temperature forming MC2H2+/C2H2 and MC4H2+/H2 as the major products for both systems. Besides that, PtC3+ could abstract a hydrogen atom from CH4 to generate PtC3H+/CH3, while IrC3+ could not. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the MC3+ (M = Ir and Pt) ions have a linear M-C-C-C structure. The first C–H activation took place on the Ir atom for IrC3+. The terminal carbon atom was the reactive site for the first C–H bond activation of PtC3+, which was beneficial to generate PtC3H+/CH3. The orbitals of the different metal influence the selection of the reactive sites for methane activation, which results in the different reaction channels. This study investigates the molecular-level mechanisms of the reactive sites of methane activation.