Research of trends in the development of laser additive manufacturing in the Russian Federation on the basis of patent information

The article presents the results of the analysis of patent documentation on laser additive manufacturing registered in the territory of the Russian Federation. As a result of the research, the dynamics of patent activity is determined, the top patent holders, the leading countries in the considered technological field are identified, the top of inventors is compiled, the main technological segments for application of patented solutions from the field of laser additive manufacturing are identified.

History of the Center’s Patent Activity

Очерк рассказывает о становлении патентной деятельности Центра, участии в изобретательской работе многих известных его научных сотрудников, врачей, трудившихся в Центре во второй половине ХХ в., а также в начале XXI в. За советские годы получено около 400 авторских свидетельств на изобретения, а с 1990-х гг., после принятия Патентного закона, — 200 патентов. Приведены сведения о ряде полученных авторских свидетельств и патентов, отражающие основные направления научной и клинической работы Центра за эти годы в соответствии с актуальными проблемами здравоохранения своего времени. В последние годы ведется активное патентование разработок, в том числе с использованием новых технологий — виртуальной реальности, компьютерных программ, телемедицины. Патентная служба Центра, следуя традициям, продолжает помогать его сотрудникам оформлять заявки на изобретения, полезные модели и другие объекты интеллектуальной собственности, касающиеся лечения и реабилитации различных заболеваний человека.

South Korean Science and Technology Policy

The article analyzes the policy of South Korea in the field of science and technology, examines the main trends of the ROK’s science development, current state, key problems and prospects of the industry. The characteristics of the state scientific and technological policy and its main actors are presented. It is stated that at the beginning South Korea abundantly used adopt experience, foreign technologies and successfully got accepted them in production. The ROK succeeded to hold leading positions in the world innovation ratings through smart patent activity, essential investment and government policy. At the same time, the author predicts the necessity of tremendous efforts, includes but not limited to fi ancial injection for maintaining such high figure. The issue of not only human resources’ import but also keeping of South Korean skilled labor, the demand and competition for whom are ramping up dramatically, has still unresolved. The article focuses on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the scientific policy and the development of innovations in the fight against such pandemics. It was revealed that research in the field of biotechnology and establishment of “smart” health care centers based on the innovations become a priority of science policy. It was noted that South Korea one of the first reaps the benefits of IT solution, which helps to prevent economics collapse and further viral shedding through the rapid digital technics’ implementing.

History of the Center’s Patent Activity

Очерк рассказывает о становлении патентной деятельности Центра, участии в изобретательской работе многих известных его научных сотрудников, врачей, трудившихся в Центре во второй половине ХХ в., а также в начале XXI в. За советские годы получено около 400 авторских свидетельств на изобретения, а с 1990-х гг., после принятия Патентного закона, — 200 патентов. Приведены сведения о ряде полученных авторских свидетельств и патентов, отражающие основные направления научной и клинической работы Центра за эти годы в соответствии с актуальными проблемами здравоохранения своего времени. В последние годы ведется активное патентование разработок, в том числе с использованием новых технологий — виртуальной реальности, компьютерных программ, телемедицины. Патентная служба Центра, следуя традициям, продолжает помогать его сотрудникам оформлять заявки на изобретения, полезные модели и другие объекты интеллектуальной собственности, касающиеся лечения и реабилитации различных заболеваний человека.

Financing of innovative projects in industry

A distinctive feature of innovation-oriented enterprises is a higher demand for external sources of financing, while innovative activities are characterized by a sufficiently high degree of uncertainty and risk, therefore, the important principles of financing innovative projects are the multiplicity of financing sources, flexibility and adaptability to a rapidly changing external environment. Using in-house funds in the development and implementation of an innovative project provides maximum scale of actions in making management decisions. At the same time, international experience in the innovative projects implementation proves the effectiveness of debt and equity instruments use for project financing. The article discusses the main instruments for financing innovative projects in the Russian Federation, highlights the main stages of finding and attracting financial resources. In addition, within the framework of this study, the costs of technological innovations and the sources of their financing, the patent activity of enterprises in the Russian Federation were analyzed. The main economic reasons that impede the development of innovations project management are listed. The necessity of developing measures to expand the access of innovative enterprises to loaned sources of financing has been substantiated.

Entomo-Industry of Hermetia Illucens

Innovation in production use of insects allows us to speak about entomo-industry, which could cause in the future a drop in the relative cost of food. On the basis of biotechnology by using the fly Hermetia illucens the article draws theoretical and applied economic conclusions. Larvae of this fly by eating organic wastes during a few days can grow in hundred times and become a feed for animals, a basis for medicine or even a nutritious supplement, while their waste can become a fertilizer (zoo-humus). From means of labour they turn into the subject of labour with selfreproduction and solution to ecological problem, which can create the added value. In traditional livestock breeding fast transformation does not take place and animal acts mainly as the subject or means of labour. Commercialization of the technology can be achieved through development of module equipment for each of 9 processes and this can make it possible to purchase it stage by stage, depending on the need and resources. Due to this fact competitive advantage for technological entrepreneurship can be provided that can take one of the following three types: in the narrow sense (developing and selling equipment), in the broad sense (manufacturing the product with own equipment) and mixed one (manufacturing and selling of the equipment and finished product, joint work of the developer and user of the equipment). The author designed a synthetic graphic business-model of entomo-technological entrepreneurship. Logical schemes of waste treatment were put forward: centralized and decentralized. It was found out that for agricultural waste the decentralized scheme is more appropriate, as it implies treatment at the place of shaping and economizing on transportation. In Russia the process of commercialization of biotechnologies with the use of Hermetia illucens started in 2015, which is proven by patent activity. However, the market develops rather slowly.