Measurement Report: Strong Valley Wind Events during the International Collaborative Experiment – PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Project

Strong gusty wind events were responsible for some of the poor performances of competitors and resulted in schedule changes during the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Three events at two venues were investigated to document and articulate the wind forecasting and nowcasting challenges. Upper air analysis showed that the Games were dominated by northwesterly synoptic flow. Froude and Reynolds number analyses indicated that vortex shedding or wake turbulence were the dominant mechanisms in the lee of the mountains where the free-style competitions were conducted. Three types of wind data (10 and 1 min averages plus 1 minute maximums) from automatic weather stations that were reported every minute were analyzed using advanced techniques (Hovmueller, wavelet and eigen analysis frequency estimation). For the two days of Event 1, the conditions were well mixed throughout the day and night. For the other events, diurnal variations were observed with a stable atmosphere at night, well mixed in the afternoon and with 2–4 hour transition periods in the morning and evenings. Turbulence was best portrayed using wavelet analysis and vortex shedding was best portrayed using the eigen analysis frequency estimation method. The latter revealed dominant frequencies, presumably associated with vortex shedding with periodicities of 20 to 90 minutes. Nowcast implications are discussed.

Development, Optimization and Validation of a Sustainable and Quantifiable Methodology for the Determination of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole, 2,3,4,6-Tetrachloroanisole, 2,4,6-Tribromoanisole, Pentachloroanisole, 2-Methylisoborneole and Geosmin in Air

Compounds 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole (TeCA), 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA) and pentachloroanisole (PCA), 2-methylisoborneol (2MIB) and geosmin (GSM) have been reported as being responsible for cork and wine taint. A sustainable method based on thermal desorption-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) has been developed and optimized, taking into account desorption parameters and chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. The combination of parameters that jointly maximized the compound detection was as follows: desorption temperature at 300 °C, desorption time at 30 min, cryo-temperature at 20 °C and trap high temperature at 305 °C. The proposed methodology showed a good linearity (R ≤ 0.994) within the tested range (from 0.1 to 2 ng) for all target compounds. The precision expressed as repeatability and reproducibility was RSD < 10% in both. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 ng. The developed methodology and the sampling rates (R-values) of all targeted compounds (from 0.013 to 0.071 m3 h−1) were applied to the air analysis of two wineries. The results showed that the developed methodology is a sustainable and useful tool for the determination of these compounds in air.

Investigating the primacy of B-matrix EDA flow dependence within the Copernicus Regional Re-Analysis (CERRA)

&lt;p&gt;The new Copernicus European Regional Re-Analysis (CERRA) is a 5.5km reanalysis, starting in 1984 and ending &amp;#8220;near-real-time&amp;#8221;, 2021. The reanalysis was delivered using the ALADIN model under the HARMONIE scripting garb. The upper-air is analysed using a 3DVAR technique cycled 3-hourly, while the surface analysis is achieved through a conventional OI technique (MESCAN). Analyses produced by CERRA at 5.5km are assisted through an accompanying 10-member Ensemble Data Assimilation (EDA) system with 11km horizontal resolution cycled 6-hourly. The EDA system is used mainly for serially updated background error covariance estimation (B-matrix) used in the deterministic upper-air 3DVAR minimisation to produce the upper-air analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The B-matrix comprises 2 principal EDA-derived components. The first component is estimated from same-resolution (5.5km) forecast differences, run in the winter and the summer periods, to represent seasonal climatology. This component also varies in time, such that a linearly appropriated proportion of summer or winter differences is taken, based on the current time of year of the reanalysis. The second component comes from the lower-resolution (11km) set of forecast differences, which represents &amp;#8216;errors of the day&amp;#8217;. This second component is a 2.5 day moving average ingested into a new B-matrix every 2 days. The B-matrix is thus comprised of 80% forecast differences coming from the first component and 20% coming from the second component.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We show results from our study on the primacy of varying the weighting on the 2 components of forecast differences mentioned above, and how it has the potential, given a suitable observation network, to provide better B-matrix statistics.&lt;/p&gt;

Microbiological air analysis of industrial premises and photocatalysis efficiency for its disinfection

This article analyzes the reasons of temporary disability of laborers in Agro Industrial Complex, dealing with microbial content in industrial premises. Development and implementation of equipment for correction of microbial content level results in reduction of general morbidity rate and duration of temporary disability among laborers in Agro Industrial Complex. It will help to increase labor efficiency and decrease labor intensity of production. Biofilm resistance against antibacterial agents is a vital problem during disinfection treatments. Increase in bacteria survival potential and reduction in sensitivity to the substances eliminating them, results in need for increased dosing of the latter decreased efficiency of sanitation. This is a stimulus to develop alternative antibacterial compositions and methods of disinfection treatment. The basic difference of the suggested photodynamic treatment from the disinfection methods with application of antimicrobial preparations is the lack of resistibility to destabilizing oxidant – singlet oxygen. Before disinfection treatment, we determined total microbial air contamination according to the original method, providing a possibility to use air medium sampling of the total volume of indoor area. Experimental results have shown a decrease in total microbial contamination by a factor of 5.5 on average.

Research and development of technology for laser configuration of sensitive element of fluxgate inclinometer

The paper presents the results of thermodynamic analysis of oxidation processes occurring during laser treatment of amorphous magnetically sensitive ribbon (71KNSR) in air and in the atmosphere of argon. Kinetic assessment of the rate of chemical reactions is based on the Arrhenius equation. The results of analytical calculations show that the decrease of magnetic properties of the alloy after laser treatment in the air is mostly determined by the formation of iron oxides Fe2O3 and Fe2O4. Chemical elemental analysis of the composition of the samples after laser configuration in argon shows a significant decrease in their composition of oxygen compared to samples configured in the air. Analysis of samples using scanning electron and magnetic force microscopy confirms the preservation of the magnetic properties after treatment in argon. The developed technology is used for the manufacture of a sensitive element of a fluxgate inclinometer.