Dispersion climatology for Patna and Gaya

The present study aims at seasonal and diurnal pollution potential around Patna, the capital region of Bihar and Gaya. To assess the pollution potential, meteorological data of two stations, VIZ., Patna and the neighbouring station Gaya for five year period (1984-88) have been analysed; The analysis has been done for four representative seasonal months, viz., winter (January), pre-monsoon (April), monsoon (August) and post-monsoon (October). The analysis shows no stable conditions in the day time and no unstable condition in the night time in each month. April shows higher frequency and January the lowest frequencies of unstable conditions. April has the highest mixing height and ventilation coefficient. From the results it has been concluded that day time is suitable for good dispersion in all the months. In the ca5e of existing industries, emission must be lessened during night time and particularly in the winter months. These results also suggest that pollutants are well dispersed in April and August. January and August may be regarded as the worst months for vertical diffusion of contaminants. As the predominant surface winds are easterly, any new Industrial set up should be in the west of the city in order to minimise the effects of pollutants.

Plankton Community as a Bio-indicator of Water Quality in Situ Ciburuy Padalarang, West Bandung Regency, West Java

This research was conducted to determine the water quality of Situ Ciburuy based on the plankton community as water quality bio-indicator. This research used the survey method and the observation result data were analyzed descriptively. The abundance of phytoplankton is about 340 – 8913 ind/L indicates that the abundance of phytoplankton is moderate and the abundance of zooplankton is about 7 – 30 ind/L indicates that the abundance of zooplankton is low. The Simpson diversity index for the phytoplankton group ranged from 0.29 – 0.33 and the Simpson Diversity Index for the zooplankton group ranged from 0.42 – 0.56 while the Simpson Dominance Index for the phytoplankton group ranged from 0.67 – 0.71 and the Simpson Dominance Index for zooplankton ranged from between 0.44 – 0.58 which indicates Situ Ciburuy is in an unstable condition. Based on the value of the Saprobic Index ranged between (-0.2) to (0). Situ Ciburuy belongs to α / β – mesosaprobic phase and categorized in the moderately polluted category.

The Role of Universities in Society Service in Extraordinary Unstable Conditions – Libya as a case study –: دور الجامعات الحكومية في خدمة المجتمع والبيئة أثناء الظروف "الاستثنائية" – دراسة حالة الجامعات الليبية –

This study aimed at focusing on the role of universities in serving society and the surrounding environment during unstable (emergency) conditions, following the comparative approach with some models from western and Arab universities on one hand, and Libyan experience one the other hand, The approach of the case study is applying to Libyan universities during and after the February 17 revolution, This has a clear impact on all components of Libya society and universities, including the fact that, They are the most important and influential institutions in society in various settings at the international, regional and local levels. Also the study found that this role was generally weak, if any related to role was addressing the internal crises that universities are in between and lack of clear plans for universities Libyan universities in particular have been recommended to propose a strategy for activating the role of universities in community participation and contributing to the community participation and contributing to the community service of various institutions during unstable condition.

Analisis Penyebab Kegagalan Mesin Wrapping Menggunakan Failure Mode And Effect Analysis di PT. X

PT. X is an industry that produces green tea and black tea. In this study, there are often problems with the wrapping machine due to the age of use and the tight schedule of usage in the wrapping machine. If the machine operates in an unstable condition, it will greatly affect the results of the production. Damaged components such as cutting blades, heating heaters, thermo control and bearings. By using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method and also calculating the Risk Priority Number (RPN) value, the highest RPN value to the lowest is obtained, namely Cutting Knife (RPN = 100), Heater (RPN = 90), Thermo Control (RPN = 72) and Bearings (RPN = 36). It can be seen that the cause of damage to the wrapping machine and also the highest RPN calculation is found in the damage to the cutting knife whose RPN value is 100. From the analysis of the damage to the cutting knife, the author provides a suggested repair plan for the company so that it can be implemented in the company which can later improve the quality of the machine to be operated. for the future which cannot be separated from the supervisory role of the operators in charge of their cooperation to improve quality and the quality control team that always monitors quality.

Evaluation of the Effect of Stability Schemes on the Simulation of Land Surface Processes at a Western Tibetan Site

The surface fluxes calculated in land surface models (LSMs) are sensitive to the determination of the stability parameter. Further, calculation of the surface fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial in the simulation of regional and global weather and climate. In this study, we use 2-year micrometeorological data measured from Shiquanhe, located in the western TP, to evaluate the performance of the widely used Noah LSM with five stability parameterization schemes. Results show that all five stability parameterization schemes can generally reproduce the observations, but the scheme proposed by Li has the smallest bias. The reason is that Li’s scheme is more accurate under the unstable condition, and the surface layer at Shiquanhe is mostly unstable. Further, the four non-iterative schemes show an advantage in terms of their computational efficiency compared to the iterative scheme adopted by the Noah LSM.

Effects of slackline training on core endurance and dynamic balance (Efectos del entrenamiento en slackline sobre la resistencia del core y el equilibrio dinámico)

Slackline challenges balance by walking on a tensioned strap, where the trunk muscles help to maintain or regain balance. This study aimed to compare a cohort of individuals who regularly practiced slackline and physically inactive individuals on core endurance (CE) and dynamic balance (DB) and to determine whether CE is associated with years of slackline practice. Nine individuals (7 men) who practiced slackline regularly (SG; age= 24.5±3.6 years) and nine physically inactive individuals (7 men) (CG; age= 23.2±3.3 years) were compared. CE was assessed with the McGill battery (trunk flexor, extensor, and side-bridge test) and the plank test. DB was measured with the modified star excursion balance test in stable and unstable conditions. The SG maintained a 36.2% and 45% longer time in left lateral bridge (p=.049) and plank (p=.031), respectively, compared to the CG. The distance achieved in the stable DB test was similar between groups, but in unstable condition was 37.8% greater (p=.016) in SG in both legs and 46.6% greater in the non-dominant leg (p=.039) compared to CG. The SG showed a correlation between years of slackline practice and flexor (r=.674; p=.046), right lateral (r=.765; p=.016) and left (r=.730; p=.026) trunk endurance. In conclusion, those who practice slackline maintain a longer time in the plank and left lateral bridge test and achieve a higher reach distance in unstable DB compared to physically inactive individuals who do not practice slackline. Resumen. El slackline desafía el equilibrio al caminar sobre una cinta en tensión, donde los músculos del tronco ayudan a mantener o recuperar el equilibrio. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar individuos que practicaban slackline e individuos inactivos fisicamente (IF) en resistencia del core (RC) y equilibrio dinámico (ED), y conocer si la RC se asocia a los años de practica de slackline. Nueve individuos (7 hombres) que practicaban slackline regularmente (GS; edad= 24.5±3.6 años) y nueve individuos IF (7 hombres) (GC; edad= 23.2±3.3 años) fueron comparados. La RC se evaluó con la bateria de McGill (prueba de flexores y extensores de tronco y puente lateral) y la prueba de la plancha. El ED se midió con la prueba de excursión de la estrella modificada en condiciones estables e inestables. El GS mantuvo un tiempo 36.2% y 45% mayor en puente lateral izquierdo (p=.049) y plancha (p=.031) respectivamente comparado con el GC. La distancia alcanzada en la prueba de ED estable fue similar entre grupos, pero en condición inestable fue 37.8% mayor (p=.016) en GS en ambas piernas y 46.6% mayor en la pierna no dominante (p=.039) comparado al GC. El GS mostró una correlación entre años de práctica de slackline y resistencia flexora (r=.674; p=.046), lateral derecha (r=.765; p=.016) e izquierda (r=.730; p=.026) de tronco. En conclusión, quienes practican slackline mantienen un tiempo mayor la prueba de la plancha y puente lateral izquierdo y logran un mayor alcance en ED inestable comparados con individuos IF que no lo practican.

Sand throwing in a pit-building antlion larva from a soil mechanical perspective

Sandy pitfall traps are an elaborate construction to capture prey and antlions are well-known representatives of this predation technique. From a soil mechanical perspective, antlions exploit the interactions between the particles of their habitat and engineer a stable trap. This construction is close to the unstable state, where a prey item will immediately slide towards the center - towards the ambushing antlion - when accidently entering the trap. This method is efficient, but requires permanent pit maintaining. According to the present knowledge, antlions throw sand at their prey, to distract it, and/or cause sand slides towards the center of the pit. Using sand throwing and escape experiments, as well as finite element analysis, we supported this hypothesis. Furthermore, we added new hypothesis about maintaining the pitfall trap. We showed that sand that accumulates in the center of the pit will be continuously removed, which lead to the slope maintenance close to an unstable condition. This avoids self-burial of the antlion, as well as decreasing the chance of prey item escapes by keeping the slope angle steep. This demonstrates the interaction of an insect larva with its abiotic environment from a novel perspective and adds further insights into longstanding entomological hypotheses.

A Novel Nature-Inspired Improved Grasshopper Optimization-Tuned Dual-Input Controller for Enhancing Stability of Interconnected Systems

Power system often experiences the problem of low-frequency electromechanical oscillations which leads the system to unstable condition. The problem can be corrected by implementing power system stabilizers (PSSs) in the excitation control system of alternator. This paper provides a novel and efficient approach to design an Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (IGOA)-based dual-input controller to damp the inter-area-mode power system oscillations. A three-fold optimization criterion has been formulated to calculate the optimum values of the controllers required for power system stability. The damping performance of the proposed controller is compared with conventional PSS and genetic algorithm-based controllers to validate the better performance of the proposed IGOA-based controller under various system loading conditions and disturbances.

Pencil spring ingestion in a neonate- a rare occurrence with cecal perforation: A case report

Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is relatively common in the pediatric population. However, it is a rare occurrence in neonates and intestinal perforation due to ingested FB is once in a blue moon event. Case Presentation: Here we present a case of accidental FB ingestion by a neonate leading to a rare complication. The patient was received in vitally unstable condition and exploratory laparotomy was performed after initial resuscitation. The intra-operative findings included perforation of the cecum, which was repaired with a covering stoma. The postoperative period was uneventful, and stoma was reversed later. Conclusion: Foreign body ingestion is possible in neonates, though very rare, and can lead to fatal complications If not detected and treated in time.