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Dihydro[1,3]oxazines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds having a wide range of biological and
material properties. Medicinally, they possess diverse pharmacological activities such as bactericidal, fungicidal, microbiocidal, antitumor, anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory agents. Apart from being biologically active, they are materially useful for
making polybenzoxazines. Polybenzoxazines, a novel class of non-conjugated thermosetting materials that belong to the
family of addition-curable phenolic resins. They have lucrative properties such as small shrinkage in curing, low water absorption, good thermal stability, no release of volatile materials during cure, no need for catalyst and inexpensive raw materials. Further, the flexibility in designing a monomer gives polybenzoxazines an additional edge over ordinary phenolic resins. This review briefly describes the syntheses including eco-friendly strategies, biological and material significance of various dihydro[1,3]oxazine derivatives.