scholarly journals Pinworm infection in school children of four districts of Malakand region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khan ◽  
W. A. Panhwar ◽  
S. A. Mehmood ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
M. S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Female Children

Abstract Illnesses caused by human pinworm remains a pediatric health problem in developing nations including Pakistan. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in school children of four districts in Malakand region, Pakistan. Four hundred faecal specimens were screened from May 2014 to July 2017 using normal saline and Lugol Iodine solution. Twenty three (5.75%) individuals were found infected with E. vermicularis. Five children (1.25%) were infected with only E. vermicularis and eighteen (4.5%) were mixed with other helminths. E. vermicularis 23 (5.75%), hookworm 11 (2.75%), Ascaris lumbricoides 5 (1.25%), Taenia saginata 2 (0.5%) and Trichuris trichuira 4 (1%) were detected. Age wise 5-8 years were more parasitized followed by 13-15 and 9-12 years of age (0.0296, P<0.05). Male children were highly (0.06700, P<0.05) infected than female. Children in Malakand district were found more infected followed by Dir Upper, similar infection rate was noted in children of districts Lower Dir and Swat (0.0192, P<0.05). Children in primary level were highly (0.0013, P<0.05) infected than those of middle and high levels. Enterobiosis is still the most common parasitic diseases in children. Studies on enterobiosis should be conducted time by time to recognize the hazardous of such parasitic infection in remote areas of the country.

scholarly journals Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Carla Zannella ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Debora Stelitano ◽  
Annalisa Ambrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Molecular Volume ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.

The frequency of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children from Wielkopolska Voivodeship

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Marta Siekierska ◽  
Karolina Kot ◽  
Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk ◽  
Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis

<i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> is a cosmopolitan parasite of large intestine. <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> infection is found mostly in closed human communities such as kindergartens, nurseries and orphanages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of <i>E. vermicularis</i> in preschool children from Wielkopolska Voivodeship. In addition, the aim was to determine the relationships between the gender of children, place of residence and the occurrence of enterobiasis and to define the most common symptoms of enterobiasis in infected children. There were 145 children (84 girls and 61 boys) aged 3-6 who attended kindergartens in Wielkopolskie voivodeship. Swabs from the anus area was used according to Graham’s method. The frequency of <i>E. vermicularis</i> infection in the studied children was 7.6%. There were no relationships between the gender of participants as well as the place of residence and the frequency of <i>E. vermicularis</i> infection. There was no relationship between the occurrence of symptoms of enterobiasis and <i>E. vermicularis</i> infection. The examination showed that the half of studied children infected with <i>E. vermicularis</i> had no symptoms of infection. Enterobiasis is the most common parasitosis in preschool and early childhood children. The prevalence of enterobiasis in humans is correlated with socio-environmental factors. On the basis of the presented study, it was found that in order to control the E. vermicularis infection, it would be necessary to regularly educate parents about the risks of parasitic diseases and to teach children the principles of hygiene from a young age.

Human nutrition needs and parasitic infections

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (S1) ◽  
pp. S7-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Nesheim
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Nutritional Needs

The series of articles that follow in this volume deals with specific aspects of how parasites might influence nutrient utilization by their human hosts. To put these aspects of parasitic disease in context, this contribution is intended to provide an overview of human nutritional needs and to introduce concepts of how nutritional consequences of parasitic infection might be viewed. Although parasitic diseases are often considered to be those caused by protozoa and helminths, the principles considered here can be applied to any infectious agent, including bacteria and viruses.

scholarly journals Libraries on the Move: By Land, By Sea, and By Air

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Moore ◽  
Aaron Elkins ◽  
Helen Boelens
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Literacy Development ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
School Library ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The State ◽  
High Quality

Libraries are critical to literacy development, particularly in developing nations where literacy rates are low, poverty rates are high, and resources are limited. School libraries in developing nations often suffer from inadequate resources, staffing, and facilities. Mobile libraries have been delivering resources and services via land and water routes to communities in developing nations, though their support of school children may be limited. Emerging technologies in the form of digital mobile libraries offer the potential to bring high quality resources and services to schools and communities. In this paper, the authors discuss/explore myriad mobile libraries, particularly in developing nations, the state of school library programs in developing nations, and the potential of digital mobile libraries to transcend the physical walls of libraries to better foster literacy for students and their communities.

scholarly journals Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: an epidemiological and molecular survey

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1636-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sgroi ◽  
Antonio Varcasia ◽  
Nicola D'Alessio ◽  
Paolo Varuzza ◽  
Francesco Buono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Hunting Dogs

AbstractTaenia hydatigena cysticercosis is a widespread parasitic disease of wild and domestic animals. In Europe, the increase in wild boar population may potentially contribute to the spread of this parasitic infection. To determine the occurrence of cysticerci (metacestodes) in wild boar population from southern Italy, carcasses were inspected during three hunting seasons (2016–2018). Out of 3363 wild boar examined, 229 (6.8%) harboured cysticerci with 188 (82.1%) infected by a single cyst, vs 41 (17.9%) boars having more than one. Most of the positive animals (187; 81.7%) showed cysts on the liver, whereas a multiple localization of cysticerci was reported in 10 (4.4%) wild boar. The total number of cysts retrieved from positive animals was 301 (average 1.3). Molecular analysis revealed the occurrence of a common haplotype (Hap 8) shared between wild boar and domestic animals. Our findings suggest the presence of a T. hydatigena semi-domestic life cycle in which wild boar may play an important role, due to a large number of offal available to hunting dogs, wolves and foxes during hunting seasons. Hunters may be players in the management of wildlife species to control and prevent the circulation of parasitic diseases.

Variation in ‘target’ antigens between appropriate and inappropriate hosts of Taenia saginata metacestodes

Parasitology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. S. Harrison ◽  
R. M. E. Parkhouse ◽  
M. M. H. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Susceptible Group

SUMMARYThe antibody response of the appropriate hosts (cattle) to Taenia saginata larvae was compared with that of an inappropriate host (Balb/c mice) using gel electrophoresis followed by immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (Western blotting). Three groups of cattle were included, those known to be resistant to challenge infection because of repeated oral challenge with T. saginata eggs over a 1-year period, a previously infected but known susceptible group and a group of uninfected controls. Serum from the mice and the two groups of infected cattle contained antibodies recognizing different ‘target’ antigens, some of which may be related to host resistance. The potential value of the technique of Western blotting in dissecting the humoral response of a particular host species to parasitic infection and in the identification of those antigens suitable for the production of effective vaccines is discussed.

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