Session-based concurrency, declaratively

Session-based concurrency is a type-based approach to the analysis of message-passing programs. These programs may be specified in an operational or declarative style: the former defines how interactions are properly structured; the latter defines governing conditions for correct interactions. In this paper, we study rigorous relationships between operational and declarative models of session-based concurrency. We develop a correct encoding of session $$\pi $$ π -calculus processes into the linear concurrent constraint calculus ($$\texttt {lcc}$$ lcc ), a declarative model of concurrency based on partial information (constraints). We exploit session types to ensure that our encoding satisfies precise correctness properties and that it offers a sound basis on which operational and declarative requirements can be jointly specified and reasoned about. We demonstrate the applicability of our results by using our encoding in the specification of realistic communication patterns with time and contextual information.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) in Brazilian Portuguese

Introduction The Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) is a questionnaire designed to assess the auditory experience and quantify hearing disabilities in realistic communication situations, with particular attention to binaural hearing. Objective To determine the test-retest reliability of the SSQ in Brazilian Portuguese. Method A total of 35 individuals with mean age of 61 years and mean education of 7 years were interviewed. The mean auditory threshold was 44.29 dBNA in the best ear and 58.04 dBNA in the worst ear. The SSQ in Portuguese was applied at two time points, test and retest. An interval of 7 to 20 days between interviews was established. The level of significance adopted was 0.05, or 5%. Results The analysis revealed a high Cronbach α coefficient for the three domains and for the general component of the scale, demonstrating good internal consistency between the items. In addition, a significant strong correlation was detected between test and retest of the SSQ on the analysis by domain and for the general component of the scale. A significant moderate-to-strong correlation between test and retest by question was found, except for question 2 of Part I. Conclusion The test-retest reliability indicators showed good stability of the Portuguese version of the SSQ, indicating that the scale is suitable for use in the hearing-impaired population in Brazil.

City-Wide Eco-Routing Navigation Considering Vehicular Communication Impacts

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) utilize Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) to collect, disseminate, and share data with the Traffic Management Center (TMC) and different actuators. Consequently, packet drop and delay in VANETs can significantly impact ITS performance. Feedback-based eco-routing (FB-ECO) is a promising ITS technology, which is expected to reduce vehicle fuel/energy consumption and pollutant emissions by routing drivers through the most environmentally friendly routes. To compute these routes, the FB-ECO utilizes VANET communication to update link costs in real-time, based on the experiences of other vehicles in the system. In this paper, we study the impact of vehicular communication on FB-ECO navigation performance in a large-scale real network with realistic calibrated traffic demand data. We conduct this study at different market penetration rates and different congestion levels. We start by conducting a sensitivity analysis of the market penetration rate on the FB-ECO system performance, and its network-wide impacts considering ideal communication. Subsequently, we study the impact of the communication network on system performance for different market penetration levels, considering the communication system. The results demonstrate that, for market penetration levels less than 30%, the eco-routing system performs adequately in both the ideal and realistic communication scenarios. It also shows that, for realistic communication, increasing the market penetration rate results in a network-wide degradation of the system performance.

Analyzing Tourism Discourse in the Context of Iranian Promotional Media

The role of tourism discourse through verbal and visual elements in creating tourists’ destination image has great significance. Most tourism discourse researchers focus on the linguistics and visual parts, but rarely have looked at measuring the elements of destination image associated with tourism discourse. Furthermore, destination image research in the context of some Middle East countries with high potential tourism attractions like Iran has been rather limited. This study tries to address this gap by attempting an in-depth understanding of Iran’s image as a tourist destination worldwide, on the basis of data collected from printed and online brochures and travel guides, and by analyzing the images of the tourists who intended to visit Iran through three open-ended structured questions. The findings of this study revealed that the dominant discourse on tourism texts aim to promote the image of Iran as a safe, peaceful, and a rich land in terms of natural scenery, historical relics, gastronomy, museums and architecture; however, the image of the country has been appeared relatively negative and unfamiliar, as this country are usually classified as Arabs and Iranian culture is not distinctive among most respondents. This research further identifies the distinctive features of Iranian tourism discourse which portray various types of destination images of the country. It is concluded that a realistic communication with prospective tourists through the texts has essential influence on the formation of a positive image and consequently, the success of tourism destinations.