Plan as Social Structure and Section as Emotional Enclosure – a Complementary Pair of Ordering Principles in Contemporary Architecture

The title of the article is a paraphrase of the title of an essay by Wilfried Wang: SiteSpecificity, Skilled Labor, and Culture: Architectural Principles in the Age of Climate Change [1]. While Wang raises the fundamental problem of the need to change the architect's attitude in the design process in a climate crisis, paying particular attention to the need to "reconnect the building with the context" [2], the author discusses the very workshop of the architect's work, and more precisely - the basic drawing tools. He puts forward theses about what the title issues should be for architects today.

Testing the Applicability of “Ecologically Friendly” Energy Sources in Household Electricity Consumption in Bulgaria

The EU’s “Green Deal” plans a carbonfree energy mix, neglecting nuclear energy, despite high social costs. Photovoltaic and wind power plants lack proper solutions for storing the excessive electricity. Their EROI is still lower compared to that of conventional sources. A complementary pair of combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) and photovoltaics is a good solution for regular electricity supplies for households at affordable prices. Such a model is based on consumption data in Ruse (Bulgaria), delivered by Nicola Mihaylov et al. It also includes data, delivered by RIS Elektro OOD – a solar park operator. Matching consumption fluctuations with production fluctuations gives the following: A 1 MW CCGT that supplies up to 1,600-1700 households is combined with a 250 kW photovoltaic park. The calculations show that because of the park the CCGT should operate with lower EROI and "green surcharge" in the consumers’ price. The optimal solution for energy deliveries requires a better balance between political, technical and economic factors.

A Contextual Planck Parameter and the Classical Limit in Quantum Cosmology

We propose that whatever quantity controls the Heisenberg uncertainty relations (for a given complementary pair of observables) it should be identified with an effective Planck parameter. With this definition it is not difficult to find examples where the Planck parameter depends on the region under study, varies in time, and even depends on which pair of observables one focuses on. In quantum cosmology the effective Planck parameter depends on the size of the comoving region under study, and so depends on that chosen region and on time. With this criterion, the classical limit is expected, not for regions larger than the Planck length, $$l_{P}$$ l P , but for those larger than $$l_{Q}=(l_{P}^{2}H^{-1})^{1/3}$$ l Q = ( l P 2 H - 1 ) 1 / 3 , where H is the Hubble parameter. In theories where the cosmological constant is dynamical, it is possible for the latter to remain quantum even in contexts where everything else is deemed classical. These results are derived from standard quantization methods, but we also include more speculative cases where ad hoc Planck parameters scale differently with the length scale under observation. Even more speculatively, we examine the possibility that similar complementary concepts affect thermodynamical variables, such as the temperature and the entropy of a black hole.

New Axioms and Laws

This report contains 2 new axioms and 8 laws. It predicts to include except the Electromagnetic Field and other unknown and unexplored fields, for example the Gravity Field. As it is well known the Classic Field Theory is described mostly by Theory of Electromagnetic Field. The Electromagnetic Field is described by Maxwell’s laws (1864). The Maxwell’s laws are certified by a single axiom which claims that the movement of a vector E in a closed loop (div rot E = 0) is evenly. The author replaces this axiom with a new one, according to which the movement of a vector E in an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or an open vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0) is unevenly. If the vortex is in plane (2D), it is named a cross vortex. If the vortex is in volume (3D), it is named a longitudinal vortex. Something more- each vortex can be decelerating (div (VorE) <0) or accelerating (div(VorE)> 0). After the first axiom are obtained immediately 4 types of movements – cross vortex, which can be accelerating or decelerating and longitudinal vortex, which can also be accelerating or decelerating. The following results are obtained : evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement (decelerating or accelerating); movement in a closed loop is replaced with movement in an open loop or vortex ; a cross vortex in 2D generates a longitudinal vortex in 3D through a special transformation and vice versa- the longitudinal vortex in 3D through another special transformation generates a cross vortex in 2D; the decelerating vortex emits primary vortices to environment, but the accelerating vortex sucks into the same primary vortices from environment; the accelerating longitudinal vortices are attracted to one another, as the faster vortex is inserted into the slower and thus form a funnel, which is the model of gravity funnel. It should be noted, in particular, the results of the second axiom. It claims that two complex (cross-longitudinal) vortex objects in 3D that work in one direction as one complementary pair, are existed simultaneously. This way they are obtained 2 pairs of complementary objects in both directions. As a final result are received many models with similar shapes and content. For example, the pair in one direction of complex complementary vortex objects is a model of the electron-proton chain, and in the opposite direction is an antiproton-positron chain model.

Weighted Orlicz algebras on hypergroups

Let K be a hypergroup, w be a weight function and let (?,?) be a complementary pair of Young functions. We consider the weighted Orlicz space L??(K) and investigate some of its algebraic properties under convolution. We also study the existence of an approximate identity for the Banach algebra L?w(K). Further, we describe the maximal ideal space of the convolution algebra L?w(K) for a commutative hypergroup K.

Hum Noise Reduction using Novel Complementary Pair VSSLMS Algorithm

This paper presents a novel Complementary Pair Variable Step-size (CPVSS) Least Mean Square Algorithm which is implemented for active noise cancellation application. The result presents the effect of filtration to remove the 50 Hz ac hum noise from the 500 Hz audio tone. Discrete Fourier Transform, Short Time Fourier Transform, and Welch Periodogram of the noisy signal and filtered signal have been presented which shows effective improvement in SNR. The simulation study has shown the superiority of this algorithm over other algorithms under consideration.

Expanded Field Theory. New Axioms, Laws and Consequences

The present study attempts to expand the Classic Field Theory to a more general theory of the field. This more general field theory is named Expanded Field Theory. This new theory contains 2 new axioms and 8 laws. It predicts to include the gravitational field and other unknown and unexplored fields. As it is well known the Classic Field Theory is described mostly by Theory of Electromagnetic Field. The Electromagnetic Field is described by Maxwell’s laws (1864). The Maxwell’s laws are certified by a single axiom which claims that the movement of a vector E in a closed loop (div rot E = 0) is evenly. The author replaces this axiom with a new one, according to which the movement of a vector E in an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or an open vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0) is unevenly. If the vortex is in plane (2D), it is named a cross vortex. If the vortex is in volume (3D), it is named a longitudinal vortex. Something more- each vortex can be decelerating (div (VorE) <0) or accelerating (div (VorE)> 0). After the first axiom are obtained immediately 4 types of movements – cross vortex , which can be accelerating or decelerating and longitudinal vortex , which can also be accelerating or decelerating. The following results are obtained : evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement (decelerating or accelerating); movement in a closed loop is replaced with movement in an open loop or vortex ; a cross vortex in 2D generates a longitudinal vortex in 3D through a special transformation and vice versa- the longitudinal vortex in 3D through another special transformation generates a cross vortex in 2D; the decelerating vortex emits primary vortices to environment, but the accelerating vortex sucks into the same primary vortices from environment ; the accelerating longitudinal vortices are attracted to one another, as the faster is inserted into the slower and thus form a funnel- this is the model of gravity funnel . It should be noted, in particular, the results of the second axiom. It claims that two complex (cross- longitudinal) vortex objects in 3D that work in one direction as one complementary pair, are existed simultaneously. This way they are obtained 2 pairs of complementary objects in both directions. As a final result are received many models with similar shapes and content. For example, the pair in one direction of complex complementary vortex objects is a model of the electron-proton chain, and in the opposite direction is an antiproton-positron chain model.