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2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1174-1187
Author(s):  
Fadzilah Salim ◽  
Nur Azman Abu

A simple linear regression is commonly used as a practical predictive model on a used car price. It is a useful model which carry smaller prediction errors around its central mean. Practically, real data will hardly produce a linear relationship. A non-linear model has been observed to better forecast any price appreciation and manage prediction errors in real-life phenomena. In this paper, an S-curve model shall be proposed as an alternative non-linear model in estimating the price of used cars. A dynamic S-shaped Membership Function (SMF) is used as a basis to build an S-curve pricing model in this research study. Real used car price data has been collected from a popular website. Comparisons against linear regression and cubic regression are made. An S-curve model has produced smaller error than linear regression while its residual is closer to a cubic regression. Overall, an S-curve model is anticipated to provide a better and more practical estimate on used car prices in Malaysia.


Author(s):  
Vaibhav Gupta ◽  
Sharma M.L ◽  
Tripathi K.C

Cars have become a necessity in this modern world. Every middle class family needs a vehicle or a mode of transport in order to move from one place to another. Not everyone is able to afford a new vehicle as they are costly and there’s an added cost of taxes and various other expenses by both the provider/company of the car as well as the government. Moreover, not every customer is sure of spending a sum of their wealth on a certain car. The product might not meet their needs. The solution to this problem of having a car despite not being able to afford one is met by buying and selling second hand cars. It has become its own market now. There are already numerous companies and websites and app based services that serve as a mediator or a platform for the dealing of second hand or used cars and other vehicles. Establishment of such places is easy but there is another problem that still remains- How to price the used car appropriately at a price comfortable for both the seller and the buyer? Luckily, the Used Car Price Prediction systems exist and can be developed. Users might think that it’s easy to determine the price of a used car, and whether there is even a need to have such a system. In truth, there are a lot of factors that are important in determining the price of a second hand vehicle. The quality of a vehicle deteriorates with age1 of course but that is not all. Every single vehicle is different even when it is manufactured and sold as a new product and even more so when the same vehicle is used over time. Different people may use their vehicles more or less depending on their everyday activity, making kilometers driven as one of the important factors for the price prediction. It is obvious that a vehicle which is driven for 2000 kilometers in 1 year would be priced less than a vehicle which has been driven for only 500 kilometers in 2 years. This is just one of the factors that determine the price of a used car. In our Car Price Prediction System, we have used the Year of Manufacturing (used to determine the age of the vehicle by subtracting this from the date of selling), the original maximum retail price of the vehicle (the price at which the vehicle was sold at from the manufacturing company/garage), the fuel type of the vehicle (Petrol, Diesel, CNG, Electric ; This affects the pricing severely as different fuel type engines have different prime performance periods and different rates of deterioration), Seller Type (Individual or Dealership), Transmission (Manual or Automatic), Number of past owners of the vehicle. Using all these factors2, we are going to determine which model is best to determine a price for the used vehicle. For the Car Price Prediction System, Regression models3are used since these models give the results as a continuous curve instead of a categorized value as a result. Due to this, we can use the continuous curve to determine an accurate price for each and every scenario which won’t be possible if the results obtained were in the form of a range. The final model of the system will implement the best suited algorithm and have a UI (User Interface) which make it possible for a user to be able to enter the values of these deciding factors and the system will predict the price for them. Keywords: Car price prediction, machine learning, regression analysis, linear regression, correlation analysis


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetna Longani ◽  
Sai Prasad Potharaju ◽  
Sandhya Deore

The Pre-owned cars or so-called used cars have capacious markets across the globe. Before acquiring a used car, the buyer should be able to decide whether the price affixed for the car is genuine. Several facets including mileage, year, model, make, run and many more are needed to be considered before getting a hold of any pre-owned car. Both the seller and the buyer should have a fair deal. This paper presents a system that has been implemented to predict a fair price for any pre-owned car. The system works well to anticipate the price of used cars for the Mumbai region. Ensemble techniques in machine learning namely Random Forest Algorithm, eXtreme Gradient Boost are deployed to develop models that can predict an appropriate price for the used cars. The techniques are compared so as to determine an optimal one. Both the methods provided comparable performance wherein eXtreme Boost outperformed the random forest algorithm. Root Mean Squared Error of random forest recorded 3.44 whereas eXtreme Boost displayed 0.53.


Author(s):  
Himanshu Dahiya ◽  
Chetan Aggarwal ◽  
Shubh Goyal ◽  
Mini Agarwal

Cars are an important asset and their importance has increased exponentially in our life. With the increase in the demand and growing needs, the production of cars has also increased. But due to inflation in the prices of new cars, there are people who still can only afford a used car due to their financial conditions. This whole process has given rise to the used car market, which is outperforming many other industries and is rising every day. The rising market for the used car has also resulted in a great increment in sales of Used Cars. Used Car Sales are on a global increase. But, determining the appropriate listing price of a used car is a challenging task, due to the many factors that drive prices of a used vehicle in the market. And that is why there is an urgent need for a system which can accurately predict the price of a used car. considering all the factors that affect the price of a used car. Keywords: Used Car Price Prediction, Linear Regression, XGBoost, Decision Tree


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Poulen ◽  
Yannick N Gerber ◽  
Jean-Christophe Perez ◽  
Khadidja Oubarrahou ◽  
Nicolas Lonjon ◽  
...  

Many histological techniques are used to identify and characterize myelin in the mammalian nervous system. Due to the high content of lipids in myelin sheaths, coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a label-free method that allows identifying myelin within tissues. CARS excites the CH2 vibrational mode at 2845 cm−1 and CH2 bonds are found in lipids. In this study, we have used CARS for a new biological application in the field of spinal cord analysis. We have indeed compared several parameters of spinal cord myelin sheath in three different species, i.e., mouse, lemur, and human using a label-free method. In all species, we analyzed the dorsal and the lateral funiculi of the adult thoracic spinal cord. We identified g-ratio differences between species. Indeed, in both funiculi, g-ratio was higher in mice than in the two primate species, and the myelin g-ratio in lemurs was higher than in humans. We also detected a difference in g-ratio between the dorsal and the lateral funiculi only in humans. Furthermore, species differences between axon and fiber diameters as well as myelin thickness were observed. These data may reflect species specificities of conduction velocity of myelin fibers. A comparison of data obtained by CARS imaging and fluoromyelin staining, a method that, similar to CARS, does not require resin embedding and dehydration, displays similar results. CARS is, therefore, a label-free alternative to other microscopy techniques to characterize myelin in healthy and neurological disorders affecting the spinal cord.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Baddaei ◽  
Muhammad Saqib

E-commerce is one of the best current trade because it contains many advantages and ease of traditional trade, especially at the time of the current pandemic. Therefore, most governmental and private institutions are trying to electronic transformation as soon as possible to stay on the commercial scene. Among these institutions is the Al Somhan Used Cars Exhibition. Therefore, this research paper will discuss the process of design and implementation of an online auction site for the Al Somahan Used Cars Exhibition. First, there will be a study and strategies on the transition from the traditional auction to the electronic auction, and what are the strategies for the technology that will be used in this transformation. Some comparisons will be made between online auctions such as eBay, Amazon, Copart ... and others. The paper will also contain some advantages and disadvantages in the online auction, the most important of which are security and fraud. The website design method will also be explained using the Visual Studio program. Also, the researcher will insert some diagrams, such as the use case diagram, class diagram, ERD...etc. Now a day people like to use their mobile phone too much so the mobile phone application will be design and implement to make life easy for the customers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Wu Shuai

In the daily operation process of airlines, aviation machinery maintenance and inspection work play an important role. At present, the quality of life of the people in our country is constantly improving. In daily travel, we have not only used cars, trains and other means of transportation, but also started to choose airplanes as the first choice in a higher frequency. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, more and more people choose to travel during holidays. Therefore, the traffic volume of aviation aircraft is increasing year by year, but it also increases the risk of aviation aircraft failure, so it is particularly important to do a good job in the maintenance and inspection of aviation machinery. In this paper, according to the current situation of aviation machinery maintenance and inspection, put forward targeted improvement measures to ensure the safety and stability of China’s aviation aircraft operation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Styring ◽  
Emily L. Duckworth ◽  
Edward G. Platt

The Paris Agreement set policy scenarios to address mitigating against the climate emergency, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. There has been a drive toward electrifying transport, with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) at the forefront. Reliance on single-technology policy development can lead to consequential impacts, often not considered, or dismissed. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed. While BEVs may represent zero tailpipe emissions, the battery energy must be sourced elsewhere. An ideal policy scenario will come from “renewable” sources; however, current global energy mixes require the electricity to come from carbon-burning point source emitters. Therefore, the emissions are deferred to low socioeconomic regions. The move to ban new internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle sales has been accelerated. High BEV costs will preclude low-income groups from making purchases. Such groups typically rely on used cars for mobility. Without considered consequential policy analysis, transport underclasses may result, where private transport is only accessible by the wealthy. Synthetic fuels derived from CO2 represent a social bridge in the energy transition, also helping to accelerate toward net zero. The Covid-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to experience an environment with reduced transport-related emissions. Global studies allowed the consequential effects of pollution reduction to be studied. These are surprising and offer the opportunity for policies, driven by science, to be developed. Here, we consider the consequential effects of clean air policies, and how these can be used to propose dynamic responses to policy recommendations.


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